• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.101-113
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• 1994

This research has presented and experimental investigation on the characteristics of turbulent wake past a rectanular cylinder, according to various width/height ratio such as B/H=2.0, 2.79, 3.0, and 4.0 in a uniform shear flow. In order to perform this study, a special shear flow generator which produces the uniform shear flow has been designed and manufactured. It is found that the characteristics of the wake in a uniform shear flow are quite different from those of a uniform flow and vary with shear rate. And also, the formation of regular vortex structure is concerned with shear rate.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1607-1612
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• 2004

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the characteristics of flow past a sphere in uniform shear. The Reynolds numbers considered are Re=300, 425 and 480 based on the inlet center velocity and sphere diameter. The non-dimensional shear rate K of the inlet uniform shear is varied from 0 to 0.15. At Re=300, the head of the hairpin vortex loop always locates on the high-velocity side in uniform shear, and the flow maintains the planar symmetry. At Re=425 and 480, the irregularity in the location and strength of the hairpin vortex appearing in uniform inlet flow is much reduced in uniform shear, but the flows still keep the asymmetry for most inlet shear rates. However, in the cases of K=0.075 and 0.1 at Re=425, the flows become planar symmetric and their characteristics of the evolution of the hairpin vortex loops are different from those of asymmetric flows. A hysteresis phenomenon switching from the planar symmetry to the asymmetry (or vice versa) depending on the initial condition is also observed at Re=425.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.834-845
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• 1995

An experimental study is made in a nearly two-dimensional 90.deg. curved duct to investigate the effects of interaction between streamline curvature and mean strain on turbulence. The initial shear at the entrance to the curved duct is varied by an upstream shear generator to produce five different shear conditions ; a uniform flow (UF), a positive weak shear (PW), a positive strong shear(PS), a negative weak shear (NW) and a negative strong shear(NS). With the mean field data of the case UF, variations of the momentum thickness, the shape factor and the skin friction over the convex(inner) surface and the concave (outer) surface are scrutinized quantitatively in-depth. It is found that, while the pressure loss due to curvature is insensitive to the inlet shear rates, the distributions of wall static pressure along both convex and concave surfaces are much influenced by the inlet shear rates.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2015

A simple Couette flow velocity profile with an appropriate correlation for the free terminal rise velocity of a single bubble in a quiescent liquid can produce reliable results for the trajectories of small spherical air bubbles in a low-viscosity liquid (water) provided the liquid remains under uniform shear flow. Comparison of the model adopted in this paper with published results has been accomplished. Based on this study it has also been found that the lift coefficient in water is higher than its typical value in a high-viscosity liquid and therefore a modified correlation for the lift coefficient in a uniform shear flow of water within the regime of the $E\ddot{o}tv\ddot{o}s$ number $0.305{\leq}Eo{\leq}1.22$ is also presented.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.432-438
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• 2011

A method for estimating the shear spinnability is suggested, and it was applied to sheets of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for estimation of shear spinnability at hot working temperature. The effective working temperature was $850^{\circ}C$ or above. The hot spinning operation was carried out in two steps of shear spinning. The reduction of thickness at the first step was 50% and 45% at the second, and the overall reduction of thickness was 72.4%. The cone spinning process could produce a uniform wall thickness with only a few percent tolerance, proving itself appropriate for making cones of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with uniform wall thickness.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.311-325
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• 2018

This article presents the bending analysis of FGM rectangular plates resting on non-uniform elastic foundations in thermal environment. Theoretical formulations are based on a recently developed refined shear deformation theory. The displacement field of the present theory is chosen based on nonlinear variations in the in-plane displacements through the thickness of the plate. The present theory satisfies the free transverse shear stress conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factor. Unlike the conventional trigonometric shear deformation theory, the present refined shear deformation theory contains only four unknowns as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. The material properties of the functionally graded plates are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness, according to a simple power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The elastic foundation is modeled as non-uniform foundation. The results of the shear deformation theories are compared together. Numerical examples cover the effects of the gradient index, plate aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio and elastic foundation parameters on the thermo-mechanical behavior of functionally graded plates. Numerical results show that the present theory can archive accuracy comparable to the existing higher order shear deformation theories that contain more number of unknowns.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.387-390
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• 2007

Recently the diameter of the 5MW wind turbine reaches 126m, and the tower height is nearly the same with the wind turbine diameter. The blade will experience periodic inflow oscillation due to blade rotation inside the ground shear flow region, that is, the inflow velocity is maximum at uppermost position and minimum at lowermost position. In this study we compare the aerodynamic data between two inflow conditions, i.e, uniform flow and normal wind profile. From the computed results all of the relative errors for oscillating amplitudes increased due to the ground shear flow effect. Especially My at hub and $F_x$, $M_y$, $M_z$ at LSS increased enormously. It turns out that the aerodynamic analysis including the ground shear flow effect must be considered for fatigue load analysis.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2000

This study is concerned with evaluating the effects of acoustic excitation on the development of two stream mixing layer generated by split plate. The ratios of two velocities U1 and U2 either side of the splitter plate were such that $U_1/U_2$=1.0 (uniform flow) or $U_1/U_2$<1.0(shear flow). The mixing layers were disturbed acoustically through the edge of split plate. Quantitative data were obtained with hot-wire anemometry. Flow visualization with smoke-wire was also employed for qualitative study. the results show that the large scale structures of mixing layers are strongly affected by excitation frequency and amplitude in both uniform and shear flows. The maximum streamwise and vertical turbulent intensities of the excited flow fields are apt to be decreased as compared with those of without excitation. The flow characteristics of uniform flow are more influenced by acoustic excitation than those of shear flow.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.615-627
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• 2024

Direct simple shear test is an effective method to measure strength and deformation properties of soil. However, existing direct simple shear apparatus have some shortcomings. The paper has developed a novel dual stress/strain-controlled direct simple shear apparatus. The novel apparatus has the following advantages: A rectangular specimen is used that effectively avoid common issues associated with conventional cylindrical specimens, such as specimen tilting. The utilization of deformation control rods ensures a uniform shear deformation of the specimen. Vertically integrated force transmission structure is improved that avoids issues arising from changes in pivot points due to lever tilting. Incorporating this novel direct simple shear apparatus, shear strength and shear creep tests of clay were performed. Shear strength parameters and shear creep behaviors are analyzed. The results of these experiments show that the novel apparatus can measure accurately the shear rheological properties of soil. This study provides strong guidance for studying the mechanical properties of soil in engineering practice.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2019

Since behaviors of loose, dense, silty sands vary under seismic loading, understanding the liquefaction mechanism of sandy soils continues to be an important challenges of geotechnical earthquake engineering. In this study, 36 deformation controlled cyclic simple shear tests were performed and the liquefaction potential of the sands was investigated using three different relative densities (40, 55, 70%), four different effective stresses (25, 50, 100, 150 kPa) and three different shear strain amplitudes (2, 3.5, 5%) by using energy based approach. Experiments revealed the relationship between per unit volume dissipated energy with effective stress, relative density and shear strain. The dissipate energy per unit volume was much less affected by shear strain than effective stress and relative density. In other words, the dissipated energy is strongly dependent on relative density and effective stress. These results show that the dissipated energy per unit volume is very useful and may contain the non-uniform loading conditions of the earthquake spectrum. When multiple regression analysis is performed on experiment results, a relationship is proposed that gives liquefaction energy of sandy soils depending on relative density and effective stress parameters.