• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2015

The characteristics of drinking groundwater at west Gyeong-nam were analyzed by investigating 3,698 cases which were carried out from January 2008 to september 2013. 24.5% of the observed data exceeded the drinking water quality standards. Among the drinking water quality standards, 40 parameters were found to exceed. and most problematic were total coliform and HPC(Heterotrophic Plate Count). The unfit ratio of each region for drinking water were 23.1% at Geoje, 18.7% at Geochang, 28.5% at Goseong, 24.1% at Namhae, 32.8% at Sacheon, 20.5% at Sancheong, 36.9% at Uiryeong, 29.2% at Jinju, 40.9% at Tongyeong, 24.7% at Hadong, 20.6.% at Hamyang, 20.1% at Hapcheon. The result of correlation showed that rainfall and unfit ratio of HPC may be associated with the hydrologic durability and season. The coefficient of correlation between them was 0.304. During the summer, the coefficient of correlation was 0.699. But the significant correlation between total coliform and rainfall was not found.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2001

대전광역시에서 음용수로 이용되고 있는 지하수의 수질특성을 분석하기 위하여 1995년부터 1997년의 3년간의 수질검사자료를 분석한 결과 대전시 지하수의 30.1%가 먹는물수질기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났으며 지역별로는 동구 36.4%, 대덕구 32.3%, 중구 31.2%, 서구 30.0%, 유성구의 25.2%가 기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 먹는물 수질기준을 초과하는 항목은 일반세균, 대장균, $NO_3$-N, F, Fe, $NH_3$-N, Mn, Zn 등 총 23개 항목이었으며 연도별 지역별 수질항목별 평균농도는 1997년에 Fe(최고치 : 대덕구, $1.31mg/{\ell}$)와 Mn(최고치 : 중구, $0.53mg/{\ell}$)을 제외하고는 모두 먹는물수질기준을 초과하지 않았다. $NH_3$-N, Mn, Fe, Al, F 등은 1997년도에 급격히 농도가 증가하였므로 이러한 급격한 농도 증가의 원인에 대한 조사가 필요하다. 월 평균강우량과 대장균 및 일반세균의 부적합율 (부적합 횟수/검사횟수)계열은 수문학적 지속성과 계절상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대장균 및 일반세균 부적합율과 강우량간의 상관계수는 전체 월평균 강우량계열에 대해서는 0.525, 100mm이상 강우량계열에 대해서는 0.6733, 150mm이상 강우량계열에 대해서는 0.641로 비교적 상관성이 있으며 대장균 부적합율과 강우량간의 상관성이 일반세균과 강우량간보다는 더 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 1997

In order to Investigate the possibility as a simple technique of wastewater treatment for recirculating aquaculture system, the experiment by a biofilter unfit was carried out. The high and stable removal efficiency of nitrogen could be obtained by selecting the optimum recycle ratio and DO concentration. It was found that the proper combination of nitrifacation and denitrfication step in the reactor would be required for increasing the removal efficiency. The extent of nitrogen removal gradually decreased UO the rise of re- cycle ratio since the depression of denitrificatlon by the lack of hydrogen donor. The depression of nitrogen removal was overcome by increasing the CIN ratio In the wastewater. The extent of phosphorus removal was increased slightly with the increase of DO concentration and recycle ratio, but high removal efficiency was not observed. However, the extent of COD removal was not affected by recycle ratio and DO concentration and showed the stable removal of above 90%.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2007

다양한 환경을 포함하고 있는 동영상에서 움직이는 객체를 추출, 인식하기 위해서는 배경 모델링이 중요하다. 이러한 객체 인식을 위한 전처리 과정인 배경 모델링을 위한 여러 방안이 제안되었다. 그중 큐 기반 배경 모델링으로 대표되는 Kumar의 방법이 있다. 하지만 이는 프레임의 갱신검사 주기가 고정되어 있어 여러 시스템에 적용시키는데 한계점이 있다. 본 논문은 큐 기반 배경 모델링 기법을 이용하고 이때 주요한 환경 변수가 되는 슬라이딩 윈도우의 크기 및 영상의 자기 단계에 따른 그룹핑 크기, 프레임의 갱신검사 주기를 배경 모델에 따라 적응적으로 결정하는 방법을 제안한다. 배경 모델에 따른 환경변수를 결정하기 위해 객체 검출율, 객체 오검출율, 갱신율을 평가 기준으로 삼는다. 제안된 방법으로 실시간 처리에 부적합한 기존의 배경 모델링 방법을 개선하여 보다 효과적으로 객체를 인식할 수 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to investigate risk factors of low back pain in civil airmen and to use this information as basis for the back rehabilitation. Subjects of this study were randomly selected 276 civil airmen who had been employed at four airports in Seoul. These data were analyzed by $X^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression using SAS. The results were as follows: 1) The prevalence of low back pain among 276 civil airmen was 64.9%. 2) The most common cause of low back pain was load lifting (stewardess), long sitting (aircrew A), and long sitting plus training (aircrew B). 3) There were no statistically significant associations among age, height, body weight, and low back pain. 4) No statistically significant relationships were found among the average monthly working time, total working time, average monthly rest time, working year and low back pain. 5) There was statistically significant relation ship between abnormal posture and low back pain (p<.01). 6) There was statistically significant relation ship between fatigue and low back pain among stewardess and aircrew B. 7) There was a statistically significant relationship between job satisfaction and job-related stress (p<.05). 8) In stewardess, higher satisfaction score was associated with less likelihood of low back pain (odds ratio = .80). The results of this study indicate that civil airmen developed chronicity of low back pain due to unfit seat, poor habitual posture, fatigue symptom, and stress or other risk factors. Therefore, there is a need to improve the working environment for the prevention of posture-related low back pain.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.455-476
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• 2016

In both structural and environmental wind engineering, the vertical variation of wind direction is important as it impacts both the torsional response of the high-rise building and the pedestrian level wind environment. In order to systematically investigate the vertical variation of wind directions (i.e., the so-called 'twist effect') induced by hills with idealized geometries, a series of wind-tunnel tests was conducted. The length-to-width aspect ratios of the hill models were 1/3, 1/2, 1, 2 and 3, and the measurements of both wind speeds and directions were taken on a three-dimensional grid system. From the wind-tunnel tests, it has been found that the direction changes and most prominent at the half height of the hill. On the other hand, the characteristic length of the direction change, has been found to increase when moving from the windward zone into the wake. Based on the wind-tunnel measurements, a descriptive model is proposed to calculate both the horizontal and vertical variations of wind directions. Preliminarily validated against the wind-tunnel measurements, the proposed model has been found to be acceptable to describe the direction changes induced by an idealized hill with an aspect ratio close to 1. For the hills with aspect ratios less than 1, while the description of the vertical variation is still valid, the horizontal description proposed by the model has been found unfit.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1818-1827
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of the pathologies that caused the condemnation of pig carcasses in an area of intensive pig farming and Mediterranean climatology and to evaluate their influence in a risk-based inspection procedure for slaughterhouses. Methods: A retrospective observational investigation was carried out from 2002 to 2016 into the pathological processes that caused the condemnation of pig carcasses in a slaughterhouse from South-eastern Spain. The seasonal effect on the causes of condemnation carcass was reported. Negative binomial model was used to evaluate the effect of season on the rate of antemortem rejections and post-mortem condemnations. Histopathological examinations were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Results: The risk of antemortem rejections (0.0564%) was significantly greater in summer (risk ratio [RR] = 1.57). Autumn was associated with higher rate (RR = 1.69) of the total postmortem condemnations (0.1046%). Significantly higher rates of pronounced anaemia (0.0111%) were observed in summer (RR = 3.20). The main causes of anaemia were observed gastroesophageal ulcers and haemorrhagic enteropathies. Significantly highest risk of erysipelas (0.0074%) were observed in autumn (RR = 5.485). About other zoonosis, only eight cases (0.0013%) of carcasses were declared unfit due to tuberculosis lesions. Porcine muscular cysticercosis was not detected. Nevertheless, nonspecific causes such as generalized infections and emaciation represented the half of the condemned carcasses (50.90%). Conclusion: The pathologies leading to the condemnation of carcasses in this study can be considered representative of the pathologies that affect the pig population from a region with a high intensive production and Mediterranean climatology because this slaughterhouse receives a lot of animals from many farms of different size in a high intensive pig production zone (Mediterranean region). Increased knowledge of environmental factors that may foment the appearance of the diseases is essential for implementing inspection programs based on risk assessment in pig's slaughterhouses.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.46-57
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• 2017

본 연구는 119구급대원의 인구사회학적특성, 건강관련행위특성, 직업관련 특성, 폭력경험, 소진 및 직무스트레스에 따른 직무만족도 수준을 알아보고, 폭력경험, 소진 및 직무스트레스와 직무만족도와의 관련성을 규명하고자 시도하였다. 조사대상은 전국 14개 소방서에 근무하고 있는 119구급대원 1,240명으로 하였으며, 조사는 2016년 3월 1일부터 4월 30일까지의 기간 동안에 구조화된 무기명 자기기입식 설문조사에 의하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상자의 인구사회학적 및 건강관련행위특성에 따른 직무만족도는 연령이 낮을수록, 기혼군보다 미혼군에서, 규칙적인 운동을 한다는 군보다 하지 않는다는 군에서, 여가시간이 있다는 군보다 없다는 군에서, 주관적인 수면의 질이 좋다는 군보다 좋지 않다는 군에서, 주관적인 건강상태가 좋다는 군보다 좋지 않다는 군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 직업관련특성에 따른 직무만족도는 직위가 낮을수록, 근무경력이 짧을수록, 월수입이 낮을수록, 업무의 신체적 부담정도가 적당하다는 군보다 힘들다는 군에서, 업무에 만족한다는 군보다 만족하지 못한다는 군에서, 업무에 대한 적성이 맞는다는 군보다 맞지 않는다는 군에서, 직업전환의사가 없다는 군보다 있다는 군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 또한, 조사대상자의 직무만족도 점수는 폭력경험, 직무스트레스 및 소진이 높은 군일수록 유의하게 낮았으며, 직무만족도가 낮은 군에 속할 위험비는 폭력경험, 직무스트레스 및 소진이 낮은 군에 비해 높은 군으로 갈수록 유의하게 증가하였다. 위와 같은 연구결과는 119구급대원의 직무만족도는 인구사회학적 및 건강관련행위 특성이나 직업관련 특성뿐만 아니라 직무스트레스, 폭력경험 및 소진과도 유의한 관련성이 있음을 시사하고 있다.