• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2015

This study solved the problem of unstable production chains by considering allocation rate conformance. We proposed two phased algorithm suitable for solving production planning that considers allocation rate conformance; the first phase was heuristic initial solution generation, and the second phase was tabu-search based solution improvement. By using three data sets which have different sizes of data and three different criteria, the results of proposed algorithm were compared with MIP results. The proposed algorithm showed the best production plan in terms of allocation rate conformance, and it was appropriate for other criteria; it solved the problem of unstable production chains by solving concentrated and unfair allocation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.680-685
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• 2005

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to categorize nursing students' subjectivity in their attitude toward their jobs, and thereby understand the differences among these attitude types. Methods. The study used a Q-method to measure nursing students' attitude toward jobs identity types. In-depth and objective interviews and literature review formed Q sample. The P sample consisted of 25 nursing students. Results. The results of the study show that nursing students can be categorized into three types, depending on their attitudes toward their jobs. The firs type, 'interest-oriented' students, strongly disagree to the follow-ing: giving priority to job over marriage, standing unfair treatment in the workplace, the importance of pro-motion opportunity, irresponsibility, and uncertainty. The 'reward-oriented' students, on the other hand, strongly disagree to the following: indifference to career prospects, employment-related relocation of residence, irresponsibility, standing difficulties, and compromises with others. The third type of nursing students is the possession-oriented students, who strongly disapprove of irresponsibility, refusal to compromise with reality, standing unfair job allocation or promotion and career uncertainty. Conclusions. The study on nursing college students' attitude toward their jobs is meaningful in the following aspects: First, the study clarifies nursing college students' attitudes toward their job by categorizing it. Second, the study confirms the changing attitudes of nursing students toward jobs with the change of times and calls for proper educational programs to foster healthy career attitudes. Third, proper decision-making as regards jobs and job allocation for nurses, or their career attitudes, is beneficial to individuals, the medical industry, and society.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.133-140
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• 2002

Distributed-queue Dual-Bus (DQDB) shows an unfair behavior in bandwidth allocation due to the nature of unidirectional bus architecture. The study on fairness control method for DQDB has been performed under specific load types such as equal Probability load. symmetric load and asymmetric load type. A client-server load type is more practical traffic pattern than specific load type in Web environments. In this paper, we propose an effective fairness control method to distribute DQDB network bandwidth fairly to all stations under Web environments. The proposed method directly calculates an access limit from the bandwidth demand pattern. Based on an access limit, it controls the allocation of bandwidth by yielding empty slots in clients to servers. And we were certain that it outperforms other mechanisms from simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.67-87
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• 1990

This study was designed with the purpose to analyze the bias and the factor structure of Need of Living and to clear the influence of related variables on Need on Living. The Degree of Importance(Di) and of sufficiency(Ds) of 65 indicators which were the constituent components of Need of Living and were extracted from the 51 preceeding studies was estimated by the 1084 samples including 614 urban and 470 rural residents through the questionaire. The indicators with higher Di and lower Ds than average were considered to show the high level of Need of Living. The main results are as follows; 1. Generally speaking, the level of Di was higher than that of Ds. Specially this was serious in the case of the indicators related with social-economic equity, employment, housing and environment. 2. Di level of the indicators such as physical health, judicial equality, the life of planned expenditure was highest. Specially the equity of income allocation was considered to be more important than the increase of income or asset itself. 3. Ds level of the indicators such as the life of plannel expenditure, the development of transportation and communication and the relationship between parents and children was highest, adn that of the use of leisure time, socialactivity, economic equality and social welfare was lowest. 4. Through the oblique rotation of Factor analysis, 12 factors were extracted (total eigen value 32.663, total variance 50.251%). Specially Factor 1 which was christened as the equality and development of social-economic life was related with 11 indicators and its common variance was 51.68%. 5. The rural residents, the lower income group and the lower educated group, who were told of being under disadvantage and unfair treatment of social-economic status, showed higher suffiency on the equity of income allocation, the freedom of living and expression, and judicial equality. 6. Generally speaking, the urban residents, the group under 39 years old, the higher educated group had more intensive Need of Living than the other groups.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.1909-1928
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• 2011

Node cooperation during packet forwarding operations is critically important for fair resource utilization in Community Wireless Mesh Networks (CoWMNs). In a CoWMN, node cooperation is achieved by using fairness protocols specifically designed to detect and isolate malicious nodes, discourage unfair behavior, and encourage node participation in forwarding packets. In general, these protocols can be split into two groups: Incentive-based ones, which are managed centrally, and use credit allocation schemes. In contrast, reputation-based protocols that are decentralized, and rely on information exchange among neighboring nodes. Centrally managed protocols inevitably suffer from scalability problems. The decentralized, reputation-based protocols lacks in detection capability, suffer from false detections and error propagation compared to the centralized, incentive-based protocols. In this study, we present a new fairness protocol management scheme, called Hybrid FPMS that captures the superior detection capability of incentive-based fairness protocols without the scalability problems inherently expected from a centralized management scheme as a network's size and density grows. Simulation results show that Hybrid FPMS is more efficient than the current centralized approach and significantly reduces the network delays and overhead.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.346-371
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibilities of science ethics education with history of science (HOS) and to develop its teaching and learning model for secondary school students. A total of 72 cases about science ethics were extracted from 20 or more HOS books, journal articles, and newspaper articles. These cases were categorized into 8 areas, such as forgery, fabrication, violation of bioethics in testing, plagiarism and stealth, unfair allocation of credit, over slander, conjunction with ideologies, and social responsibility problems. The results of this study are as follows. First, research forgery, occurring in the process of the research, was the most frequent in HOS. Second, we developed eight teaching lesson plans for each area. Third, we proposed a teaching and learning model based on the developed lesson plans as well as related teaching and learning models in the fields of science ethics education, ethics education, and history education. Our model has five steps, 'investigating-suggesting casesclarifying problems-finding alternatives-summarizing'.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.411-422
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• 2017

Current policies for sharing bandwidth increase average throughput and improve utilization of the bandwidth in the local network. However, with these policies, a central administer, which is responsible for allocating bandwidth to each network flow, cannot allocate resources based on user characteristics. Thus, it leads to unfair bandwidth allocation because it does not guarantee services based on user characteristics. Therefore, we propose a novel negotiation method to share the bandwidth in a limited bandwidth network, in which, a user negotiates with other users to gain more resource. Ideally, we use a fuzzy system to infer and determine whether a device will request bandwidth or not based on the current usage of the given device. We conduct two experiments consisting of a video streaming simulation in OPNET and a real-time video streaming in WebRTC. The results of the experiment indicate that the proposed method can flexibly share the bandwidth utilization based on user's requirement in the network.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.323-335
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to organize issues of exclusive contracts for celebrities, which have been a major part of the existing industry, in preparation for various contract disputes in the media entertainment industry, and disputes in the media entertainment industry. According to the law case analysis conducted to achieve the purpose of the study, the court judged that the exclusive contract that did not conform to society's conventional wisdom was not effective, and that it was difficult to maintain the contract because it was not a normal contract. In addition, the court believed that unreasonable contracts using unfair trading status and overly long contracts were all reasons for termination. According to the court's judgment, the current standard contract requires about four revisions. First, clarification of contract termination conditions, second, clarification of payment date of revenue allocation, third, diversification of contract periods, and fourth, realistic modification of penalty provisions. Standard contracts have been enacted after several discussions, but there are still many things to revise and supplement. It will not end up with the preparation and use of contracts, but it will be necessary to continuously revise them to suit the industry's situation.