• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.368-374
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• 1983

Combined type of primary lung cancer is a very rare form in clinical experience, which is 3 histologically different variants of bronchogenic carcinoma. These type had a well differentiated squamous carcinoma forming keratin pearls, well differentiated adenocarcinoma and pleomorphic undifferentiated cell carcinoma, usually small cell carcinoma. The patient, a male, 49-Y-0, was complaint coughing, mild dyspnea, blood tinged sputum and chest pain. Under diagnosis of lung cancer preoperatively, the right total pneumonectomy was performed with very difficulty such as arrhythmia, ventilation impairment during post operation course. The histology of specimen was disclose as 3 different histological type, combined lung cancer as squamoadenoundifferentiated carcinoma. The mediastinal nodes were freed from metastasis but the parietal pleural metastatic loci was found. The radio & chemotherapy were performed post-operatively. The patient had been experienced empyema at post-pneumonectomy space and then open drainage procedure and thoracoplasty had been added for treatment course. The patient is alive recently.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2012

Purpose: Although serosal invasion is a critical predisposing factor for peritoneal dissemination in advanced gastric cancer, the accuracy of preoperative assessment using routine imaging studies is unsatisfactory. This study was conducted to identify high-risk group for serosal invasion using preoperative factors in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological features of 3,529 advanced gastric cancer patients with Borrmann type I/II/III who underwent gastrectomy at Korea Cancer Center Hospital between 1991 and 2005. We stratified patients into low-(${\leq}40%$), intermediate-(40~70%), and high-risk (>70%) groups, according to the probability of serosal invasion. Results: Borrmann type, size, longitudinal and circumferential location, and histology of tumors were independent risk factors for serosal invasion. Most tumors of whole stomach location or encircling type had serosal invasion, so they belonged to high-risk group. Patients were subdivided into 12 subgroups in combination of Borrmann type, size, and histology. A subgroup with Borrmann type II, large size (${\geq}7$ cm), and undifferentiated histology and 2 subgroups with Borrmann type III, large size, and regardless of histology belonged to high-risk group and corresponded to 25% of eligible patients. Conclusions: This study have documented high-risk group for serosal invasion using preoperative predictors. And risk stratification for serosal invasion through the combination with imaging studies may collaboratively improve the accuracy of preoperative assessment, reduce the number of eligible patients for further staging laparoscopy, and optimize therapeutic strategy for each individual patient prior to surgery.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.69-88
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• 2024

This review comprehensively examines the diverse spectrum of gastric cancers, focusing on unusual or uncommon histology that presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. While the predominant form, tubular adenocarcinoma, is well-characterized, this review focuses on lesser-known variants, including papillary adenocarcinoma, micropapillary carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), hepatoid adenocarcinoma, gastric choriocarcinoma, gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma, carcinosarcoma, gastroblastoma, parietal cell carcinoma, oncocytic adenocarcinoma, Paneth cell carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type, undifferentiated carcinoma, and extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Although these diseases have different nomenclatures characterized by distinct histopathological features, these phenotypes often overlap, making it difficult to draw clear boundaries. Furthermore, the number of cases was limited, and the unique histopathological nature and potential pathogenic mechanisms were not well defined. This review highlights the importance of understanding these rare variants for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment planning, and improving patient outcomes. This review emphasizes the need for ongoing research and case studies to enhance our knowledge of these uncommon forms of gastric cancer, which will ultimately contribute to more effective treatments and better prognostic assessments. This review aimed to broaden the pathological narrative by acknowledging and addressing the intricacies of all cancer types, regardless of their rarity, to advance patient care and improve prognosis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.172-184
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• 2024

Purpose: The original eCura system was designed to stratify the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) after endoscopic resection (ER) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). We assessed the effectiveness of a modified eCura system for reflecting the characteristics of undifferentiated-type (UD)-EGC. Materials and Methods: Six hundred thirty-four patients who underwent non-curative ER for UD-EGC and received either additional surgery (radical surgery group; n=270) or no further treatment (no additional treatment group; n=364) from 18 institutions between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively included in this study. The eCuraU system assigned 1 point each for tumors >20 mm in size, ulceration, positive vertical margin, and submucosal invasion <500 ㎛; 2 points for submucosal invasion ≥500 ㎛; and 3 points for lymphovascular invasion. Results: LNM rates in the radical surgery group were 1.1%, 5.4%, and 13.3% for the low-(0-1 point), intermediate- (2-3 points), and high-risk (4-8 points), respectively (P-fortrend<0.001). The eCuraU system showed a significantly higher probability of identifying patients with LNM as high-risk than the eCura system (66.7% vs. 22.2%; McNemar P<0.001). In the no additional treatment group, overall survival (93.4%, 87.2%, and 67.6% at 5 years) and cancer-specific survival (99.6%, 98.9%, and 92.9% at 5 years) differed significantly among the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories, respectively (both P<0.001). In the high-risk category, surgery outperformed no treatment in terms of overall mortality (hazard ratio, 3.26; P=0.015). Conclusions: The eCuraU system stratified the risk of LNM in patients with UD-EGC after ER. It is strongly recommended that high-risk patients undergo additional surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1990

A total of 129 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary lung cancer were treated at Dep. of Thoracic k Cardiovascular Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, between July, 1981 and Dec., 1988. Particular emphasis was given in this review to the 72 patients that underwent surgical resection of their primary lung lesion. Factors such as histology, type of resection, sex, age, staging, and degree of dissemination were considered possible influences on survival. The age group of fifty k sixty decade occupied 55.8 %, and the youngest being 24 years and oldest 78 years. The incidence ratio of male to female was 3,2:1. The subjective symptoms of the patients were coughing [72.6%], chest pain [48.2%] and hemoptysis [35.6%], which were due to primary local influence. The confirmed diagnostic procedures were bronchoscopic biopsy, sputum cytology needle aspiration biopsy, open lung biopsy, anterior mediastinotomy & lymph node biopsy. By pathologic classifications, the squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent, 67 cases [51.9 %], and the adenocarcinoma in 36 cases [27.9%], undifferentiated small cell carcinoma in 13 cases [10.1 %], undifferentiated large cell carcinoma in 9 cases [6.9%], bronchioloalveolar carcinoma was 4 cases [3.1%]. The lymph node dissection with pneumonectomy [42 cases], lobectomy [14 cases] and pneumonectomy [6 cases], lobectomy [9 cases] without lymph node dissection were performed. The post operative TNM Staging[AJC] in 72 cases were Stage I in 24 cases, Stage II in 27 cases, and Stage III in 21 cases. Overall resectable was possible in 72 cases [55.8 %], and the operation mortality was 5.6 % [4 cases].

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2021

Purpose: The impact of the interval between previous endoscopy and diagnosis on the treatment modality or mortality of undifferentiated (UD)-type gastric cancer is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endoscopic screening interval on the stage, cancer-related mortality, and treatment methods of UD-type gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of newly diagnosed patients with UD gastric cancer in 2013, in whom the interval between previous endoscopy and diagnosis could be determined. The patients were classified into different groups according to the period from the previous endoscopy to diagnosis (<12 months, 12-23 months, 24-35 months, ≥36 months, and no history of endoscopy), and the outcomes were compared between the groups. In addition, patients who underwent endoscopic and surgical treatment were reclassified based on the final treatment results. Results: The number of enrolled patients was 440, with males representing 64.1% of the study population; 11.8% of the participants reported that they had undergone endoscopy for the first time in their cancer diagnosis. The percentage of stage I cancer at diagnosis significantly decreased as the interval from the previous endoscopy to diagnosis increased (65.4%, 63.2%, 64.2%, 45.9%, and 35.2% for intervals of <12 months, 12-23 months, 24-35 months, ≥36 months, and no previous endoscopy, respectively, P<0.01). Cancer-related mortality was significantly lower for a 3-year interval of endoscopy (P<0.001). Conclusions: A 3-year interval of endoscopic screening reduces gastric-cancer-related mortality, particularly in cases of UD histology.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.280-290
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• 2024

Purpose: Despite annual endoscopy, patients with metachronous remnant gastric cancer (MRGC) following proximal gastrectomy (PG) are at times ineligible for endoscopic resection (ER). This study aimed to clarify the clinical risk factors for ER inapplicability. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 203 patients who underwent PG for cT1 gastric cancer between 2006 and 2015. The remnant stomach was categorized as a pseudofornix, corpus, or antrum. Results: Thirty-two MRGCs were identified in the 29 patients. Twenty MRGCs were classified as ER (ER group, 62.5%), whereas 12 were not (non-ER group, 37.5%). MRGCs were located in the pseudo-fornix in 1, corpus in 5, and antrum in 14 in the ER group, and in the pseudofornix in 6, corpus in 4, and antrum in 2 in the non-ER group (P=0.019). Multivariate analysis revealed that the pseudo-fornix was an independent risk factor for non-ER (P=0.014). In the non-ER group, MRGCs at the pseudo-fornix (n=6) had more frequent undifferentiated-type histology (4/6 vs. 0/6), deeper (≥pT1b2; 6/6 vs. 2/6) and nodal metastasis (3/6 vs. 0/6) than non-pseudo-fornix lesions (n=6). We examined the visibility of the region developing MRGC on an annual follow-up endoscopy one year before MRGC detection. In seven lesions at the pseudofornix, visibility was only secured in two (28.6%) because of food residues. Of the 25 lesions in the non-pseudo-fornix, visibility was secured in 21 lesions (84%; P=0.010). Conclusions: Endoscopic visibility increases the chances of ER applicability. Special preparation is required to ensure the complete clearance of food residues in the pseudo-fornix.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2005

목적: 위암의 근치적 절제술 후 발생하는 골 전이는 드물며 이에 대한 보고는 산발적인 증례보고에 머물고 있어 그 특징에 대해서는 잘 알려진 바가 없다. 이에 저자들은 위암의 그치적 절제술 후 발생한 골 전이의 형태와 치료의 효과 그리고 예후를 알아보기 위해 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1989년부터 2002년까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 부속 강남성모병원과 성모자애병원에서 위암으로 근치적 절제술을 시행 받은 후 골 전이가 확인된 29명의 환자들의 의무기록을 조사하여 이들의 임상병리학적인 특징을 분석하였다. 결과: 환자들의 성비는 남자는 19명 여자는 10명이었으며 평균연령은 $53\pm12$세였다. 원발암의 병리학적 특징은 Borrmann 3,4형이 많았으며 미분화형이 많았고 병기는 주로 3,4형이 많았으며 미분화형이 많았고 병기는 주로 3,4기였다. 골 전이가 가장 많이 발생한 부위는 척추였고 그 다음으로 골반, 늑골 그리고 두개골의 순으로 나타났다. 재발 후 치료는 16예($55.2\%$)에서 시행하였다. 지발 후 치료를 받은 환자들의 생존기간의 중간값은 7개월($0\∼75$개월)로 치료를 받지 않은 환자들(2개월)에 비해 길었으나(P=0.019) 치료방법에 따른 차이는 없었다(P=0.388). 결론: 위암의 근치적 절제술 후 발생하는 골 전이는 Borrmann 3,4형에서 미분화형에서 그리고 3,4기의 진행된 암에서 많이 발생하였다. 이들의 예후는 매우 불량하나, 재발에 대한 치료를 적극적으로 시행하는 것이 생존율의 향상을 도모하는 길이라 사료된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1994

가톨릭 의과 대학 부속 강남 성모 병원 치료 방사선과에서는 1983년 3월부터 1990년 1월까지 방사선 치료를 받았던 비소세포성 폐암 환자 266명중 추적 조사가 가능하고 조사 선량이 40 Gy 이상이었던 116명에 대하여 방사선 치료후의 반응율과 생존율, 그리고 방사선 치료와 관련된 합병증에 대하여 알아보고자 후향성 분석을 시행하였다. 환자들의 성별은 남자가 104명, 여자가 12명이었다. 환자들의 연령은 33세부터 80세까지였으며 중간 값은 53세였다. 추적 기간은 2개월부터 78개월이었으며 중간 값은 18.8개월이었다. AJC 병기분류에 따라, II기에 속했던 경우가 18명($15.5\%$), III기가 79명($58.1\%$), IV기가 19명 ($16.3\%$)였다. Karnofsky의 수행 능력으로 환자들의 전신 상태를 표시 하면, 50 이하가 6명($5.2\%$), 50에서 60사이가 12명($10.4\%$), 60에서 70사이가 46명($39.6\%$), 70에서 80사이가 51명($44.0\%$)이었고 80이상인 경우는 1명(0.8\%$)였다. 조직학적으로는 72명($62.8\%$)의 환자가 편평상피세포암이었으며, 16명($13.8\%$)이 선암, 7명($6\%$)이 대세포암, 5명($4\%$)이 미분화 세포암이었고, 조직 검사를 시행하지 않은 경우를 포함하여 조직학적으로 불분명한 경우가 16명이었다. 치료별로 보면, 60명($51.7\%$)은 외부 방사선 치료만으로 치료하였으며, 33명($28.4\%$)의 환자에서는 방사선 치료와 화학 요법을 병행하였다. 수술 후 방사선 치료를 받은 환자는 23명($19.8\%$)이었으며, 이들 중 5명($4\%$)에서는 화학 요법이 병행되었다. 관해율은 완전 관해와 부분 관해를 합쳐서 $92.5\%$였다. 병기별 II기, III기와 IV기에서의 1년 생존율은 각각 $38.9\%,\;27.8\%$와 $11.5\%$였으며, 2년 생존율은 II기, III기, IV기에서 각각 $11.1\%,\;20.8\%,\;10.5\%$였다. 치료 결과에 영향을 주는 인자들로는, 수행 능력, 치료 선량, 환자의 연령, 조직학적 형태, 치료에 대한 반응율과 수술 혹은 화학 요법의 병행 여부등에 대하여 분석하였으나 이 들중 수행 능력과 방사선 치료후의 반응 정도가 환자의 생존율에 유의한 영향을 주었다(p<0.05).