• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2010.04a
• /
• pp.367-369
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop a campus facility management system, construct 3D graphic data and attribute data of facilities on the Kumoh National Institute of Technology and then verificate the developed system's practicability. Utilized the existing campus facility data from the existing drawings, images, cadastre records and so forth, 3D position data of underground facilities surveyed with a total station and high-resolution aerial photos, 3D realistic models were produced by means of a XD2D software and a XDWORLD Builder Professional software of GIS engines. We intend to embody not only campus guide service in virtual reality space but visualization of 3D virtual campus by providing 2D and 3D data to web space using XDWORLD server soon after. It is expected that the campus facility management system is able to contribute to the integrated management of 3D facility data service, the support of prompt decision-making related to spatial affairs, the work simplification through data holding in common between the members of the staff and so forth.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.59-76
• /
• 2020

As a continuous increase in demand for the transportation infrastructure in the metropolitan area, the renovation of existing metropolitan and urban railway lines for the rapid transport system requires the construction of sidetrack that can operate local and express trains simultaneously. However, the construction of sidetrack after stopping the operation of the existing subway line causes a lot of economic losses, therefore it is essential to study the tunnel enlargement scheme during the operation of the existing subway tunnel. Accordingly, in this paper, basic research on the enlargement plan of the existing subway tunnel was carried out for the renovation of the existing subway line. In order to investigate the method for the sidetrack construction, the Government Complex Gwacheon station on the Gwacheon line of subway line 4 was selected as a virtual research station. Subsequently, four construction plans including tunnel cross-sectional plan for each section were reviewed and constructability and economic feasibility were compared. Finally, the stability assessment was conducted for the selected construction plan which was considered to be relatively unstable by 3-D full numerical analysis considering the sidetrack construction process.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.401-417
• /
• 2020

As an increasing demand for rapid railway transportation, the construction of sidetrack is inevitable to operate local and express trains simultaneously. However, the current technologies for the sidetrack construction method require a long construction period by interrupting the operation of the existing subway line, as well as cause a huge economic loss. Thus, it is necessary to study the sidetrack construction method under the special situation that the subway is in operation and to analyze the risk of the existing tunnel enlargement process for the sidetrack construction. Therefore, in this paper, the Government Complex Gwacheon station on Subway Line 4 was considered as a target station for the virtual sidetrack construction and the optimal sidetrack construction plan was derived. Subsequently, the application of risk management process was carried out in the order of identifying risk, risk response planning, performing a risk analysis, risk monitoring and control for potential risk events during the construction of sidetrack under the subway operation. A total of eight potential risk events and risk mitigation methods were selected, and a risk assessment matrix was established using the five-step risk probability and impact level criteria to perform the risk assessment including residual risks. Based on the results of the risk assessment, the risk grade and the reduction effect of each risk mitigation method were confirmed.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.293-310
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to present the most effective smoke exhaust mode by comparing the quantitatively evaluated risks according to the smoke exhaust mode when a train fire occurs in a subway platform. Therefore, applying the typical subway platform as a model, train fire scenarios are developed with the evacuation start time and location of the fire train for each exhaust mode. The fire accident rates (F) are calculated and the number of fatalities (N) was quantitatively estimated by fire analysis and evacuation analysis for each scenario. In addition, the F/N curve compared with the social risk assessment criteria and the following conclusions were obtained. In the event of a train fire at the subway station platform, the evacuation must start up within 600 s in maximum to ensure the evacuees' safety. To secure evacuation safety, it is advantageous to operate the HVAC system of the platform in the air-supply mode at station without TVF. Comparing the F/N curve for each exhaust mode with the social risk criteria, it turned out that the risk significantly exceeds the social risk criteria in case of no mechanical ventilation. As a result, this paper shows that the ventilation mode in which TVF are exhausted and HVAC system is operated in the pressurized mode are the most effective smoke exhaust mode for ensuring evacuation safety.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2019

Smart phone based navigation applications are very useful in everyday life. Cost-effective and user friendly navigation can be provided to the user by many applications available in market. Using the Smart phone these navigation applications provide accurate navigation for outdoor locations. But providing an accurate navigation underground space such as subway station is still a challenge. It is hence more convenient and appropriate for mobility services if the visitors could simply view the guidance of the subway station on their mobile phone, wherever and whenever it is needed. This study develops a algorithm for indoor navigation with the help of Augmented Reality(AR) and QR marker code from the entrance to the train platform for users. This indoor navigation uses AR and QR maker codes for two purposes: to provide the user link to the subway station location and to provide the current guidance details to the user. This Smart phone algorithm that uses a smart phone optical tool to decode the QR marker to determine the location information and provide guidance to the AR without indoor Maps. This algorithm also provides a module to guide mobility vulnerable to the Barrier Free route to destination.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.28-38
• /
• 2009

In this study, a remote air quality monitoring system for underground spaces was developed by using NDIR-based CO$_2$ sensor. And the remote monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks was installed practically on the subway station platform. More than 6.5 million citizens commutate everyday by the Seoul subway transportation that is the most typical public transportation. They concern about air quality with increasing interest on public health or many workers in subway stations or underground shopping centers. Recently, the Korean Ministry of Environment has operated the air quality monitoring system in some subway stations for testing phase. However, it showed many defects which are large-scale, high-cost and maintenance of precision sensors imported from abroad. Therefore this research includes the reliability test and a theoretical study about the inexpensive commercialized CO$_2$ sensor for reliable measurement of air quality which changes rapidly by the surrounding environments. And then we develop the wireless sensor nodes and the gateway applied for remote air quality monitoring. In addition, web server program was realized to manage air quality in the subway platform. This result will be valuable for a basic research for air quality management in underground spaces for future study.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.1-31
• /
• 2017

Modern businesses are adopting new technologies to serve their markets better as well as to improve efficiency and productivity. The advertising industry has continuously experienced disruptions from the traditional channels (radio, television and print media) to new complex ones including internet, social media and mobile-based advertising. This case study focuses on proposing intelligent advertising business model in Seoul's metro network. Seoul has one of the world's busiest metro network and transports a huge number of travelers on a daily basis. The high number of travelers coupled with a well-planned metro network creates a platform where marketers can initiate engagement and interact with both customers and potential customers. In the current advertising model, advertising is on illuminated and framed posters in the stations and in-car, non-illuminated posters, and digital screens that show scheduled arrivals and departures of metros. Some stations have digital screens that show adverts but they do not have location capability. Most of the current advertising media have one key limitation: space. For posters whether illuminated or not, one space can host only one advert at a time. Empirical literatures show that there is room for improving this advertising model and eliminate the space limitation by replacing the poster adverts with digital advertising platform. This new model will not only be digital, but will also provide intelligent advertising platform that is driven by data. The digital platform will incorporate location sensing, e-commerce, and mobile platform to create new value to all stakeholders. Travel cards used in the metro will be registered and the card scanners will have a capability to capture traveler's data when travelers tap their cards. This data once analyzed will make it possible to identify different customer groups. Advertisers and marketers will then be able to target specific customer groups, customize adverts based on the targeted consumer group, and offer a wide variety of advertising formats. Format includes video, cinemagraphs, moving pictures, and animation. Different advert formats create different emotions in the customer's mind and the goal should be to use format or combination of formats that arouse the expected emotion and lead to an engagement. Combination of different formats will be more effective and this can only work in a digital platform. Adverts will be location based, ensuring that adverts will show more frequently when the metro is near the premises of an advertiser. The advertising platform will automatically detect the next station and screens inside the metro will prioritize adverts in the station where the metro will be stopping. In the mobile platform, customers who opt to receive notifications will receive them when they approach the business premises of advertiser. The mobile platform will have indoor navigation for the underground shopping malls that will allow customers to search for facilities within the mall, products they may want to buy as well as deals going on in the underground mall. To create an end-to-end solution, the mobile solution will have a capability to allow customers purchase products through their phones, get coupons for deals, and review products and shops where they have bought a product. The indoor navigation will host intelligent mobile-based advertisement and a recommendation system. The indoor navigation will have adverts such that when a customer is searching for information, the recommendation system shows adverts that are near the place traveler is searching or in the direction that the traveler is moving. These adverts will be linked to the e-commerce platform such that if a customer clicks on an advert, it leads them to the product description page. The whole system will have multi-language as well as text-to-speech capability such that both locals and tourists have no language barrier. The implications of implementing this model are varied including support for small and medium businesses operating in the underground malls, improved customer experience, new job opportunities, additional revenue to business model operator, and flexibility in advertising. The new value created will benefit all the stakeholders.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.573-578
• /
• 2019

Recently, the development of indoor positioning technology, base station positioning, Wi - Fi positioning, and Bluetooth beacon positioning technology have been introduced in buildings and underground space. This paper introduces a technique that enables user-oriented ultra-high precision positioning by adopting a lenticular positioning technology, which is a method in which a user directly locates a user's moving line based on a provider-oriented positioning system and service. Through the study on the implementation of coverage using lenticular stickers, we will discuss how to implement coverage of lenticular stickers, which is one of the most important parts of lenticular positioning technology.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.16 no.1 s.60
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2006

Effects of railway tunnel excavation on water level at a national groundwater monitoring station in Mokpo were evaluated by field investigation and numerical groundwater modeling. The water level at the station has experienced a decline of about 5 m within 1 year since July 2002. From the field investigation, it was concluded that decrease of precipitation oo increase of grundwater use was not reason for the decline. The Mokpo tunnel of new Honam railway, 70 m apart from the national station, appeared most plausible cause and a period of the tunnel excavation generally well matches up that of the drawdown. To quantify the effects of the tunneling on the water level, a groundwater flow modeling was performed. Especially, a most probable conceptual model was optimized through multiple preliminary simulations of various scenarios because there were few hydrogeological data available for the study area. The optimized model was finally used for the quantification. Based on the field investigation and the numerical simulations, it was concluded that the tunnel excavation was one of the most probable reasons for the substantial water level decline but further hydrogeologic investigation and continuous monitoring are essentially required for the surrounding area.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.397-404
• /
• 2008

Excessive amount of groundwater flowed into tunnel, while constructing Incheon international airport railway. Tunnel passes under subway line no. 2 with only 1.76 m below. To protect the existing structure, TRcM excavation method was applied. As station and construction shaft are already constructed, which are located back and forth of TRcM section, 86.4 ton per day of groundwater inflow is against expectation. To identify mechanism of excessive water inflow, hydraulic back analyses were performed. Then, hydro-mechanical coupled analysis were also performed with the hydrogeologic parameters identified, whose results are investigated for checking the stability of adjacent structures to the tunnel under construction. And a number of mechanical analyses were also performed to check the hydro-mechanical coupling effect. The result from the mechanical analysis shows that subsidence and tunnel ceiling displacement will be 0.85 mm and 1.32 mm. The result of hydro-mechanical couple analysis shows that subsidence and maximum tunnel ceiling displacement will be 1.2 mm and 1.72 mm. Additional displacements caused by groundwater draw down were identified, however, displacement is minute.