• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted using the theory of planned behavior to analyze factors influencing mothers' intention to vaccinate their children against hepatitis A (HA). Methods: This descriptive study used a questionnaire. The participants were 100 mothers with children under 19 years. The collected data were analyzed by the t-test, analysis of variance, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The Pearson's correlation was used to test the correlations among variables. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify factors related to HA vaccination intention. Results: The attitude of mothers with children under 19 to HA vaccination were quite positive (6.2 of 7), and their perceived behavioral control (5.73 of 7), subjective norm (5.54 of 7), and vaccination intention (5.96 of 7) were relatively high. Attitude toward HA vaccination was the strongest influencing factor, followed by subjective norm. The explanatory power of attitude and subjective norm for HA vaccination was 84%. Conclusion: HA vaccination is very important for preventing HA. Mothers' positive attitudes toward HA vaccination were an important factor influencing their children's HA vaccination. Providing education on the benefits of HA vaccination and the vaccination schedule may foster positive attitude toward vaccination.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the health status such as growth, nutrition, disease, vaccination in child day care centers. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 280 children at 6 day care centers in Seoul. Parent completed a structured questionnaire and illness-logs from day-care staff were gathered for a month, June 2006. Body weight, height were measured and BMI was calculated. Results: Failure of growth was found in 2.2% of the children. Also there was 5.4% of the children who were under 5% and 8.6% were above 95% on BMI chart. For 4.3% of the children diseases were asthma, chronic rhinitis, sinusitis and so on. About six percent of the children missed vaccination such as Japanese encephalitis, DTaP and polio. Incidence rates of respiratory infection was 1.45 and gastroenteritis was .28. As a result, 22.5 % of the day care children had these kinds of health rick factors stated above and results showed statistical difference between health-groups and health-risk groups in age, duration of day care center, family structure, marital status of parent. Conclusion: A considerable number of the children at child daycare centers had the health risk factors. These results shows there is a need to develop and make provisions for health service programs by health experts in child day care centers.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to compare how different the belief, social support, stress, coping and motivation between the Korean and American children. The data was collected from 157 Korean and 114 American students (5·8th grade). The resets were as follows: 1. Korean children's other dependency and pessimism level was significantly higher than those of American children. Also Korean children perceived higher than American children in the control-pressure stress and elf-respect stress. 2. Pessimism was observed the highest effect factor on Korean children's stress. 3. Korean students tried various coping under the relationship stress. 4. Problem oriented coping was found as an effective coping in Korean children. But the pursuit of support was found as an effective coping in American children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권7호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2019

Purpose: There is limited data on the use of perampanel in children under 12 years of age. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive perampanel treatment in children under 12 years of age with refractory epilepsy. Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed in Kyungpook National University Hospital from July 2016 to March 2018. A responder was defined as a patient with ${\geq}50%$ reduction in monthly seizure frequency compared with the baseline. Adverse events and discontinuation data were obtained to evaluate tolerability. Results: Twenty-two patients (8 males, 14 females) aged 3.1-11.4 years (mean, $8.0{\pm}2.5years$) were included in this study. After an average of 9.2 months (range, 0.5-19 months) of follow-up, 15 patients (68%) showed a reduction in seizure frequency, including 5 patients (23%) with seizure freedom. The age at epilepsy onset was significantly lower (P=0.048), and the duration of epilepsy was significantly longer (P=0.019) in responders than in nonresponders. Nine patients (41%) experienced adverse events, including somnolence (23%), respiratory depression (9%), violence (4.5%), and seizure aggravation (4.5%). The most serious adverse event was respiratory depression, which required mechanical ventilation in 2 patients (9%). Eight patients (36%) discontinued perampanel due to lack of efficacy or adverse events. Three out of 4 patients (75%) who discontinued perampanel due to adverse events had an underlying medical condition. Conclusion: Perampanel offers a treatment option for refractory epilepsy in children. Adjunctive treatment with perampanel requires special consideration in those with underlying medical conditions to prevent serious adverse events.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권12호
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• pp.632-641
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• 2021

Background: Over the past few decades, various goals have been defined to reduce the mortality of children caused by acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) worldwide. However, few spatial studies to date have reported on ALRI deaths. Purpose: We aimed to assess the spatial modeling of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years of age during 2000-2017 using a global data. Methods: The data on the mortality of children under 5 years old caused by ALRI were initially obtained from the official website of the World Health Organization. The income status of their home countries was also gathered from the Country Income Groups (World Bank Classification) website and divided into 5 categories. After that, in the ArcGIS 10.6 environment, a database was created and the statistical tests and related maps were extracted. The Global Moran's I statistic, Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and geographically weighted regression were used for the analyses. In this study, higher z scores indicated the hot spots, while lower z scores indicated the cold spots. Results: In 2000-2017, child mortality showed a downward trend from 17.6 per 100,000 children to 8.1 and had a clustered pattern. Hot spots were concentrated in Asia in 2000 but shifted toward African countries by 2017. A cold spot that formed in Europe in 2007 showed an ascending trend by 2017. Based on the results of geographically weighted regression test, the regions identified as the hot spots of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years old were among the middle-income countries (R²=0.01, adjusted R²=8.77). Conclusion: While the total number of child deaths in 2000-2017 has decreased, the number of hot spots has increased among countries. This study also concluded that, during the study period, Central and Western Africa countries became the main new hot spots of deaths from ALRI.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1127-1130
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• 2013

Background: The standard national protocol for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children was implemented in 2006. A systematic evaluation of the treatment outcome is needed. This study examined the relapse-free survival among childhood ALL cases treated with this protocol and related factors. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in children aged between 0-15 years, newly diagnosed with ALL between March 2006 and March 2011 at Srinagarind Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University. The patients were treated on the basis of stratified risk as per the Thai national protocol. Data were compiled from the hospital records. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe relapse-free survival and the Cox proportional hazard model to investigate the associated factors. Results: Of the 103 children recruited, 86 (83.5%) achieved complete remission. The total follow-up time was 3132.5 person-months. Eighteen (20.9%) relapsed. The incidence density was 0.6 per 100 person-months (95%CI: 0.4, 0.9). The respective relapse-free rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 93.0% (95%CI: 85.1, 96.8), 84.5% (95%CI: 74.0, 90.9) and 64.1% (95%CI: 45.6, 77.8). A factor associated with the relapse-free rate was age under 1 year (HR=6.0; 95%CI: 1.1, 33.8). Conclusions: The rate of being relapse-free in ALL children treated under the Thai national protocol at Srinagarind Hospital was better than with former protocols; however, it is still not as good as in developed countries. Further review of the treatment approach of ALL is needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.389-397
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• 1989

도시 영세지역 취업여성들의 자녀양육에 어떤 문제점이 있는지 알아보기 위해 부산시 연산3동 영세민지역에 거주하는 여성 가운데 6세미만의 어린이가 있는 201명을 (비취업여성 150명, 취업여성 51명) 가정 방문하여 미리 준비된 설문지를 이용하여 1989년 4월 10일부터 1989년 5월 10일까지 어머니들과 직접 면접조사하였다. 취업여성들의-78.5%가 경제적 이유 때문에 취업하고 있었으며 31.4%가 주당 60-69시간을 근무하고 있었고 평균 월 수입이 10-19만원인 여성이 33.4%, 20-29만원이 25.4% 였다. 자녀들의 생후 6개월이내의 영양방법은 비취업여성의 66.0%가 모유를 준데 비해 취업여성에서는 49.0%로 취업여부와 수유방법 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 모유수유를 하지 않은 이유는 비취업 여성은 58.9%가 젖이 부족해서 인데 비해 취업여성의 63.6%가 직장때문이었다. 자녀연령에 맞추어 접종해야 할 기본예방접종은 비취업여성의 82.0%가 완료된데 비해 취업여성은 70.5%가 완료되었으나 접종 여부와 취업여부와는 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계는 아니었다. 자녀사고 경험률은 비취업여성이 17.3%인데 비해 취업여성은 23.5% 였으며, 사고의 종류는 비취업여성에서는 칼이나 장난감을 갖고 놀다가 다친 외상이 34.6%, 낙상이 26.9%인데 비해 취업여성은 교통사고, 낙상이 각각 25.0%였는데 교통사고는 14세 이하의 형이나 언니가 돌보는 중에 일어난 것이 많았다. 자녀사고 발생시 어머니가 하고 있었던 일은 비취업여성의 73.1%가 집에 있었는데 비해 취업여성의 경우 어머니가 직장에 있는 동안 사고가 난 경우가 58.3%였다. 취업여성들의 자녀관리방법은 집안의 어른(친척이나 조부모)이 돌보는 경우가 58.7%로 가장 많았고 14세이하의 형이나 언니가 돌보는 경우가 15.7%였으며 자녀관리자 없이 혼자 두는 경우가 3.9% 였다. 비취업여성중 48.0%가 아이를 맡길수만 있으면 취업하겠다고 하였다. 따라서 영세민의 경제적 자립을 도모하고 영유아의 보호와 건강증진을 위해 큰 경제적 부담없이 믿고 맡길 수 있는 탁아소나 유아교육시설이 절실히 요구된다고 하겠다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing mental health among late elementary age children. Methods: The research design was a secondary data analysis. Data were collected from 746 students in grades 5 or 6, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/PC 18.0 program. Results: The average score of mental health was $3.42{\pm}0.55$. There were significant differences in mental health according to health status, economic status, scholastic performance, relationships with friends, relationships with the teachers, atmosphere of the home, number of siblings and the source of trouble. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed influencing factors of stress, negative reaction under stress, self-esteem, teacher support, and friend support support and explained 41.4% of total variance in late elementary age children's mental health. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of mental health in late elementary age children. The results of the present study indicate a need to develop nursing interventions to prevent and manage elementary school-age children's negative reaction under stress.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2011

Background: Circumcision is a painful intervention frequently performed in pediatric surgery. We aim to compare the efficacy of caudal block versus dorsal penile block (DPNB) under general anesthesia for children undergoing circumcision. Methods: This study was performed between July 1, 2009 and October 16, 2009. Fifty male children American Society of Anesthesiolgists physical status classification I, aged between 3 and 12 were included in this randomized, prospective, comparative study. Anesthetic techniques were standardized for all children. Patients were randomized into 2 groups. Using 0.25% 0.5 ml/kg levobupivacain, we performed DPNB for Group 1 and caudal block for Group 2. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated for six hours with the Flacc Pain Scale for five categories; (F) Face, (L) Legs, (A) Activity, (C) Cry, and (C) Consolability. For every child, supplemental analgesic amounts, times, and probable local or systemic complications were recorded. Results: No significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05) was found in mean age, body weight, anesthesia duration, FLACC pain, and sedation scores (P > 0.05). However, on subsequent measurements, a significant decrease of pain and sedation scores was noted in both the DPNB group and the caudal block group (P < 0.001). No major complication was found when using either technique. Conclusions: DPNB and caudal block provided similar postoperative analgesic effects without major complications for children under general anesthesia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.14-23
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• 1996

Circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia is an important auxiliary means for cardiac surgery, especially useful in pediatric patients. However, its clinical safety, particularly with regard to the neurologic outcome after long duration of circulatory arrest, is still not established. This study is a review of the eight years'clinical experience of hypothermic circulatory arrest at the Seoul national University Children's Hospital. During an eight-year period from January 1986 through December 1993, a total of 589 consecutive cardiac operations were done using circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia. Among them, 434 consecutive patients, in whom the duration of arrest was 20 minutes or more, are the subject of this study. The duration of arrest ranged from 20 minutes to 82 minutes (mean = 38.7 minutes) under rectal temperature in the range from 12.5$^{\circ}C$ to 25.8$^{\circ}C$. Early neurologic abnormalities occurred in 47 patients : seizure attacks in 28 patients, motor paralyses with or w thout seizure in 12, blindness in 2, and no recovery of consciousness in 5 patients. The rate of incidence of early neurologic abnormalities was calculated at 15.7%. 25 patients showed late neuropsychologic sequelae, such as motor paralysis (9 patients), recurrent seizures (6), developmental delay (8), and definitely low intelligence (2). The rate of incidence of late neurologic sequelae was 8.5%, By statistical analysis, the following factors were identified as the risk factors for post-arrest neurologic abnormalities ; 1) long duration of circulatory arrest, 2) lower-than-ideal body weight, 3) preexisting neurological abnormalities, 4) associated non-cardiovascular congenital anouialies, and 5) low blood pressure during the early post-arrest period. It is concluded that circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia is a relatively safe means for pediatric cardiac surgery with acceptable risk. However, to warrant maximal safety, it is desirable to limit the duration of arrest to less th n 40 minutes. In addition, it is our contention that the early post-arrest period is a very critical period during which maintenance of adequate perfusion pressure in important for the neurologic outcome.