• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2002

This study was designed to explore use of unconventional treatments and identify related variables of patients with rheumatic disease. One hundred fifty rheumatic patients were recruited from two university based rheumatic centers according to selection criteria. Collected data were analyzed using SAS program through with a structured questionnaire. T-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe's test were adopted. The results were as follows: 1. 77.7% of the subjects were over forties and mean age was 48.5 years. 74.0% were women and 73.2% were living with their spouse. 82.0% of them was good or moderate or good economic status, 38.3% was university graduates. 2. 58.0% of the subjects had rheumatoid arthritis, and mean duration of suffering rheumatic disease was 6.5 years. 89.3% of them had joint pain and their mean pain score was 4.07. Most painful joints were hip(58.0%), finger(42.0%), wrist(42.0%), and the number of painful joint was 5.4. 70% of the subjects using unconventional treatments, the most common treatments using them was herb medicine(42.7%) and acupuncture(36.7%). 3. Level of pain was different according to subject's age, educational background, diagnosis, number of painful joints, and using unconventional treatments or not. It is recommended that use of a larger sample to understand more about unconventional treatments and pain of patients with rheumatic disease. More research is needed to consider developing individual nursing interventions for their well-being and quality of life.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.683-689
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• 2014

This study examined carcass and meat quality parameters in growing/finishing pigs fed unconventionally versus the concentrate-based system. Ninety-six, 12 wk old pigs ($34{\pm}SD0.3kg$) were randomly divided into three groups, assigned to one of the three dietary treatments: standard complete concentrate mixture, conventional (C diet); unconventional, steamed potato-green forage-concentrate based diet (U diet), and unconventional basal diet+herbage mix (UH diet). Pigs fed U diet showed lower dressing percentage, meatiness, loin eye area, and weight of pork neck ($p{\leq}0.05$), but their carcasses were significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) longer and had increased backfat depth ($p{\leq}0.05$). There was no impact of the diet on the meat content of dry matter, crude ash, acidity, and colour parameters of m. longissimus. Unconventional feeding significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) elevated water the holding capacity of m. longissimus and slightly improved the sensory attributes analysis of meat. The addition of herbs resulted in increased loin eye area ($p{\leq}0.05$), decreased fat content ($p{\leq}0.05$) in m. longissimus, and tended to improve some sensory attributes of meat. There were significant gender differences in response to all diets. There were significant diet${\times}$sex interactions for some measured variables, but there were no clearly identifiable trends with regard to any specific carcass or meat parameters. Feeding unconventional diet to pigs may offer better culinary attributes of the meat, and improve some technologically important characteristics of pig carcass, but may negatively affect some carcass or meat parameters.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2013

치밀 또는 셰일가스층과 같은 비전통 저류층에서 물성을 구할 때 기존의 전통 가스정 시험법을 적용하면 올바른 결과값을 얻을 수 없다. 일반적으로 셰일가스 저류층에서는 지층의 저투과성으로 인해 유동 속도가 느려 방사형 유동 구간이 나타나기까지의 시간이 매우 오래 걸리며 수압파쇄 후에는 방사형 유동 구간이 전혀 나타나지 않을 수도 있다. 이로 인해 시험 비용이 많이 들 뿐만 아니라 결과값의 정확도 또한 매우 낮다. 이러한 이유로 셰일가스 저류층 물성 분석법으로 DFIT(diagnostic fracture injection test)이 새롭게 주목받고 있다. 수압파쇄 전에 수행되는 DFIT은 셰일가스의 중요성이 커져감에 따라 저류층의 물성을 얻기 위한 가장 실용적인 방법 중의 하나로 알려져 있다. DFIT 데이터를 분석하는 방법에는 여러 가지가 있으며 한 가지 방법으로는 데이터를 잘못 분석할 수 있기 때문에 다양한 방법을 통해서 종합적으로 물성을 분석하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 다양한 DFIT 분석법들에 대해 설명하고 이를 통해 3개 저류층의 DFIT 데이터에서 여러 가지 분석법들이 어떻게 적용되는지 비교, 분석하여 정확한 저류층 물성을 얻고자 하였다.