• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2011

This study aimed to investigate the engineering and environmental characteristics of phosphogypsum-cement-soil mixtures composed of phosphogypsum, soil, and a small amount of cement was analysed on the basis of the unconfined compression test, the tensile strength test, the freezing and thawing test, the wetting and drying test, SEM and EDS analysis, XRD analysis and Leaching test. The specimens were manufactured with soil, cement and phosphogypsum. The cement contents was 10 %, and the phosphogypsum contents was 10, 20, 30, and 40 % by the weight of total dry soil. Each specimen was manufactured after curing at constant temperature and humidity room for 3, 7 and 28 days, after which the engineering characteristics of phosphogypsum-cement-soil mixtures were investigated using the unconfined compression test, the tensile strength test, the freezing and thawing test, the wetting and drying test. The basic data were presented for the application of phosphogypsum-cement-soil mixtures as construction materials. To investigate the environmental characteristics, leaching test was performed and the leaching test results were far below than of regulatory requirement of Waste Management Act in Korea. Therefore the results show that phosphogypsum is environmentally safe and can be used as construction materials in environmental aspect.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제29권B호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

This paper is to investigate effect of B.G.I (Best Grouting Innovation) method on reinforcing ground. In this thesis, extensive literature review was performed to summarize theoretical backgrounds of grouting and to compare the applicability of different grouting methods. Unconfined compression test with specimen prepared by injecting different grouts of B.G.I, S.G.R and L.W methods and by changing the curing time were carried out to figure out characteristics of initial unconfined compression strength mobilized in the early stage. As results of test, the compression strength increases with curing times and specimen prepared with grouts of B.G.I method show greater values than others. On the other hands, the measured values of pH are in the range of 7-10 during tests. In field, preliminary construction to main construction at several sites were performed to confirm the effect of reinforcing the ground by application of B.G.I method. From the results of permeability test in field, SPT test and phenol reaction test, it was found that N values after grouting are greater than those before grouting and values of permeability in grouted ground is reduced significantly.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.379-390
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• 2020

Four full-scaled partially confined and unconfined masonry panels were tested with monotonic lateral loads. To study the effects of vertical force and boundary columns, two specimens with no boundary columns were subjected to different vertical forces, while two wing-wall specimens had the column placed eccentrically and in the middle, respectively. The specimens with no boundary columns exhibited ductile rocking behavior, where the lateral strength increased with increasing vertical compression. The wing-wall specimens with columns behaved as strut-and-tie systems. The column-panel interaction resulted in greater strength, lower deformation capacity and differences in failure modes. A comparison with analytical models showed that rocking strength can be accurately estimated using vertical force and the panel aspect ratio for panels with no boundary columns. The estimation for lateral strength on the basis of a panel section area indicated scattered error for wing-wall specimens.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2002

This study was performed to use fiber mixed soil which has clayey soil or sandy soil with fibrillated fiber or monofilament fiber on purpose of construction materials, filling materials, and back filling materials. In addition, this study was conducted to analyze strength properties and fiber reinforcing effect with fiber mixed soil by direct-shear test. In case of fibrillated fiber mixed soil, the more quantity of fiber was in both cohesive soil and sandy soil, the larger shear stress was in respective step of normal load. The respective mixed soil at 0.5% and 0.1% mixing ratio of monofilament fiber mixed soil showed maximum shear stress. According to unconfined compression or direct-shear test, making specimen of the monofilament fiber mixed soil, it is required to be careful and stable mixing method, while it is expected that monofilament fiber mixed soil doesn't increase strength.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2014

시멘트 혼합토는 도로 및 댐 현장을 비롯하여 최근에는 연약지반 개량공법에도 자주 사용되고 있다. 시멘트 혼합토의 강도는 주로 현장에서 채취한 코어나 실험실에서 양생한 공시체를 이용하여 실내에서 일축압축시험이나 삼축압축시험을 통하여 측정되고 있다. 이와 같이 현장에서 시료를 채취하거나 실내에서 공시체를 양생하기 위해서는 상당한 비용과 시간이 소요된다. 하지만 때론 현장에서 빠르고 신속하게 지반의 고결 정도나 강도를 판단할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현장에서 고결된 지반의 강도 예측을 위한 기초연구로서 고결모래의 전단파속도와 일축압축강도의 상관관계를 연구하였다. 낙동강모래에 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트를 4, 8, 12, 16%로 혼합하여 다짐방법으로 직경 5cm, 높이 10cm의 소형 공시체 제작한 다음, 대기 중에서 7, 14, 28일 동안 양생하였다. 또한 최근 자원 재활용을 위해 자주 사용되고 있는 고로슬래그에 알칼리 활성화제인 수산화나트륨(NaOH)을 혼합하여 고결토를 제작하였다. 양생이 완료된 고결모래에 먼저 전단파속도시험을 실시한 다음 일축압축시험을 통하여 강도를 측정하였다. 고결모래의 시멘트비와 고로슬래그비가 증가할수록 공시체의 건조밀도가 증가하고 생성된 수화물로 인해 구조가 치밀해져 일축압축강도가 증가하면서 전단파속도 또한 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 고결제를 16% 이하로 혼합한 고결모래의 경우 전단파속도와 일축압축강도의 상관관계는 비선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 준설토 재활용을 위한 단섬유 보강 Bottom ash 혼합경량토의 역학적 특성을 고찰하였다. Bottom ash 혼합경량토는 경량토로서 자체 전단강도증가를 위하여 단섬유를 혼합하였다. 공시체는 단섬유의 함유량, 길이, 직경을 각각 변화시컥 다양한 배합비로 제작하였으며 역학적 거동 특성을 조사하기 위하여 일축압축시험과 직접전단시험이 수행되어졌다. 실험결과 응력-변형 관계는 단섬유의 함유량, 길이, 직경과 같은 배합조건에 크게 의존하는 것으로 나타났고, 단섬유 혼합에 의해 압축강도 및 전단강도가 일반적으로 증가되었음을 알 수 있었다. 단섬유 함유율 0.5%와 길이 4cm에서 최대압축강도가 나타났으며 이러한 결과는 직접전단시험에서도 비슷하게 나타났다. 직경에 따른 압축강도는 단섬유 직경 0.5mm보다 0.25mm에서 더 큰 보강효과가 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.339-349
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• 2020

This study investigates the feasibility of using the results of the UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) test to assess the UCS (unconfined compressive strength) of unsaturated soil. A series of laboratory tests was conducted on samples of unsaturated lateritic soils of northern Taiwan. Specifically, the unconfined compressive test was combined with the pressure plate test to obtain the unconfined compressive strength and its matric suction (s) of the samples. Soil samples were first compacted at the designated water content and subsequently subjected to the wetting process for saturation and the following drying process to its target suction using the apparatus developed by the authors. The correlations among the UCS, s and UPV were studied. The test results show that both the UCS and UPV significantly increased with the matric suction regardless of the initial compaction condition, but neither the UCS nor UPV obviously varied when the matric suction was less than the air-entry value. In addition, the UCS approximately linearly increased with increasing UPV. According to the investigation of the test results, simplified methods to estimate the UCS using the UPV or matric suction were established. Furthermore, an empirical formula of the matric suction calculated from the UPV was proposed. From the comparison between the predicted values and the test results, the MAPE values of UCS were 4.52-9.98% and were less than 10%, and the MAPE value of matric suction was 17.3% and in the range of 10-20%. Thus, the established formulas have good forecasting accuracy and may be applied to the stability analysis of the unsaturated soil slope. However, further study is warranted for validation.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.305-312
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• 2002

To estimate the effects of lime and cement on the surplus soil, the engineering properties of the marine deposited clay and the fresh water clay were analyzed. The specimen were prepared under several curing conditions, namely, underwater curing, wet condition curing and underwater curing after heating. Unconfined compression strength were estimated after 7, 14, 28 and 60 days, respectively. The strength were steeply increased with time until first 14 days. Specially the increase of the strength of the heated soil were large.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2023

The mechanical behaviours of biopolymer-treated soil depend on the formation of soil-biopolymer matrices. In this study, various biopolymers(e.g., xanthan gum (XG), locust bean gum (LBG), sodium alginate (SA), agar gum (AG), gellan gum (GE) and carrageenan kappa gum (KG) are selected to treat three types of natural soil at different concentrations (e.g., 1%, 2% and 3%) and curing time (e.g., 4-365 days), and reveal the reinforcement effect on natural soil by using unconfined compression tests. The results show that biopolymer-treated soil obtains the maximum unconfined compressive strength (UCS) at curing 14-28 days. Although the UCS of biopolymer-treated soil has a 20-30% reduction after curing 1-year compared to the maximum value, it is still significantly larger than untreated soil. In addition, the UCS increment ratio of biopolymer-treated soil decreases with the increase of biopolymer concentration, and there exists the optimum concentration of 1%, 2-3%, 2%, 1% and 2% for XG, SA, LBG, KG and AG, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimum initial moisture content can form uniformly biopolymer-soil matrices to obtain better reinforcement efficiency. Furthermore, the best performance in increasing soil strength is XG following SAand LBG, which are significantly better than AG, KG and GE.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2006

최근 이상기후 및 집중호우로 인해 낙동강유역의 많은 지역이 재산 및 인명손실을 크게 입고 있다. 이러한 재해 대책의 일환으로 본 연구에서는 일본에서 본댐공사시 가물막이댐으로서 많이 활용하고 있는 CSG공법의 제방축조재료로서 적용성을 평가하기 위해 낙동강 유역의 하상재료인 빈입도의 모래를 시멘트와 혼합한 시멘트혼합토의 강도특성을 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 낙동강유역 2지점의 모래와 시멘트의 혼합율을 2~8%까지 변화시키면서 다짐 및 CBR시험, 일축압축시험 그리고 중형삼축시험을 실시하여 시멘트혼합율과 재령에 따른 압축강도, 탄성계수, 그리고 변형에 따른 응력의 특성등을 검토함으로서 제체재료의 적합성 검토, 설계 및 해석에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.