• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2002

To investigate an effect of bum on the cardiac function, we studied some biochemical assay, ultrastructural changes and stereological analysis in heart tissue. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced a 15% total body surface area scald burn. 5 and 24 hours later, the heart was excised. Burned rats showed the decrease of heart weight per body weight (%) compared with control. The activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase was significantly increased at 5 (p＜0.001) and 24 hours (p＜0.01) after burn compared with control. And the activity of serum LDH was decreased at 5 hours after burn but increased at 24 hours compared with control. Ultrastructurally, enlargement of interstitium and destruction of sarcolemma were observed at 5 and 24 hours after burn. Especially at 5 hours postburn, hypercontraction band was noted and at 24 hours, wavy fiber and muscle fraying were noted. In stereological changes, volume density of mitochondria and myofibril was significantly decreased at postburn 5 and 24 hours. But volume density of sarcoplasmic reticulum was significantly increased at postburn 5 hours. Our data suggest that dermal scald bum causes myocardial dysfunction.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.26-51
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• 1995

The present study was designed to examine effect of long term weight-training on aging atrophy in the rat skeletal muscle. Male rats of 8, 15, and 24 month old were used. Each age groups included control and weight-training for 5 months by using body press apparatus. The histo- and cytochemical, ultrastructural and stereological changes in aging skeletal muscles of the rat were observed in the present study. During the training period the body weight and muscular weight in all groups except the rectus femoris and the gastrocnemius in young age groups remained constant, but muscular weights were increased in the rectus femoris and the gastrocnemius muscles in young age groups. In trained rat, the volume density of muscle fiber type IIA and IIB were increased, but those of type IIC was decreased. Type I remained constant in 8 and 15 month old age groups, but reduced in the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius muscles in the 24 month old groups. Some histotological and ultrastructural changes associated with age were found: numerical increase of cytiplasmic vacuoles, lysosomes, lipofuscins, and irregularity of myofibrils. At 24 month old groups some unusual formation of contraction band and muscle splitting were observed. After weight-training, ultrastructural degenerative changes occured in the type I muscle fiber, such as splitting of muscle fiber, disorganization of myofilaments, swelling of mitochondria, accumulation of many lipid droplets, appearance of many lysosomes and residual bodies and necrotic fibers, in the old age groups. But, in the type II muscle fibers hypertrophy of muscle fiber appeared without any noticible damage as the type I. The activities of $Mg^{++}$ -ATPase decreased with age and this enzyme activities in the trained rat were significantly decreased with age. Activities of the acid phosphatase were increased with age and significantly in the trained rat. In stereological analysis, volume density of the myofibrils and the tubular system were increased, on the other hand there mitochondrial capacity was decreased. These experimental results suggested that old rats are not susceptible to be affected by weight-training as young rats, and that physical capacity of the rats must be considered when old rats are exercised for training.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.243-255
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• 1997

To investigate detoxification effects of aqua-acupuncture; Bovis Calculus and Susi Fei extract against the toxicity of aconitine were studied. We examined the GOT activities, GPT activities, $\gamma-GPT$ activites, ALP activities and ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes in rats. The GOT activities were decreased in the aqua-acupuncture group compared with control at the 48-hours and 96-hours. The $\gamma-GTP$ and ALP activities were decreased in the aqua-acpuncture group compared with control at 96-hours. We observed the ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes compared the detoxification effects of acua-acupuncture with toxicity of aconitine by transmission electron microscope. In the 24-hours group, the cisternae of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum hepatocytes are dilated more or less. In the 48-hours group, the nuclear envelope are irregured, and chromatins of nucleus are condensed. The cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum are dilated/branched. In the 96-hours group, the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are well developed in aqua-acpuncture group compared with control. These results suggest that acua-acpuncture groups of the Bovis calculus and Susi fei extract showed detoxification effects against cytotoxicity of aconitine in the hepatocyte of rats.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2008

The present study aimed at assessing the protective effect of water extract from fruit body of the Grifola frondosa (GFW) on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats orally administered with GFW 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg for 14 days were treated with $CCl_4$ to induce hepatotoxicity. Pretreatment with GFW remarkably prevented the elevation of serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, $\gamma$-GTP, and liver lipid peroxides in $CCl_4$-treated rat and GFW administration in liver injured rats by $CCl_4$ showed significant (p<0.05) protection of liver as evidenced from normal serum enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In the ultrastructural changes, administration of $CCl_4$-induced damage of hepatocytes with vacuolation, a highly damaged endoplasmic reticulum, and degenerating nuclei. However, pre-administration with GFW preserved normal ultrastructure of hepatocytes. These results suggest that GFW had an effect to inhibit $CCl_4$-induced liver injury in rat, and that it could be used as an effective hepatoprotective agent against chemical-induced liver damage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.501-510
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• 1992

식이중에 첨가된 coenzyme ${Q}_{10}이 ADR을 투여한 흰쥐의 심근미세구조 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 ADR 2수준(1.0 및 2.0mg/kg B.W/week)과 coenzyne ${Q}_{10} 3수준(0, 0.1및 0.5g/kg diet)에 의한 6개의 실험군과 basal diet만을 공급하는 대조군을 설정하여 8주간 실험동물을 사육하였다. 체중증가량은 ADR의 투여수준이 높을수록 유의적으로 감소되었으나 coenzyme ${Q}_{10}급여에 의한 회복효과는 나타나지 않았다. 전자현미경을 통한 관찰결과, ADR투여는 심근세포내 미세구조의 변성을 유도함이 확인 되었고 특히 mitochondria를 비롯한 세포기관의 소실 및 파괴를 관찰할 수 있었으나 coenzyne ${Q}_{10}을 미리 급여한 군에서는 그정도가 완화되었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 1992

In an attempt to produce transgenic amphibia, bacteriophage ${\lambda}-DNA$ was microinjected into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis, and the effect on early embryogenesis and the ultrastructural behavior of exogenous DNA were investigated. The effect of microinjected gene on embryonic development showed differences according to the concentration of injected DNA and the incubation temperature. Various concentrations of ${\lambda}-DNA$ were tested. Among those, microinjection of 1-2 ng DNA dissolved in 20 nl TE buffer was not shown to disturb normal embryonic development and was recorded the highest survivability to the late tadpole stage (Stage 43); however, injection of increased concentrations of DNA than above provoked irregular cleavages or abnormal appearances, which resulted in reduced survivability. When the injected embryos were incubated at low temperatures (e.g., $12^{\circ}C$), 54.5% of the embryos developed to Stage 43, whereas 42.4% survived when incubated at room temperature. The survivability showed also differences according to the injection site. 58.0% of the embryos developed to Stage 43 when microinjected into the vegetal pole, whereas 44.9% survived when microinjected into the animal pole. To understand the structural fate or behavior of injected DNA a combined light and electron microscopical study was applied. The nucleus-like structure was observed in the ${\lambda}$ DNA-injected embryos, which was quite a similar to the interphase nuclei of normal Xenopus laevis. The nucleus-like structure showed the typical double-layered nuclear membrane and nuclear complexes; however, it consisted of unusual structures such as furrows of nuclear envelope into the nucleoplasm.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.71-90
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• 1996

장기간 반복 주행운동이 횐 쥐의 심근에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위하여 생후 3개월,10개 월 및 20개월 된 횐 쥐를 운동군과 대조군으로 대별하여 motor driven treadmill을 이용하여 Park등이 사용한 방법에 준해서 5개월간, 주 5일 20분간 운동을 시킨 후 심근의 조직 및 세포학적 변화를 관찰하고 심근 세포 내 미세구조 변화를 입체해석학적으로 비교 분석하였다. 연령 증가에 따라 장기간 반복운동이 휜쥐 심근미세구조에 미치는 영향은 8, 15개월의 운동군과 대조군 사이에 뚜렷한 차이를 인정할 수 없으며, 15개월의 운동군에서 대조군에 비하여 변성된 사립체, 리소조옴, 지방적, 공포, 노화색소 등이 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 25개월 운동군은 같은 연령 대조군에 비하여 근원섬유 수축대, 근원섬유 소실, 윤반분리,세포간질 증식, 핵의 변성,교원섬유 근섬유내 침입 등 매우 심한 변화를 보였다. 조직상에 나타나는 early lipofusin과 미세구조상에 나타나는 노화색소는 8, 15개월의 운동군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 25개월 운동군은 같은 연령 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이로 증가하였다. Glucose-6-phosphatase 활성도 8, 15개월군에서 운동군과 대조군에서 모두 활성이 높았으며 25개월의 대조군과 운동군에서는 모두 활성이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 미세구조 변화를 입체해석학적으로 분석한 결과 8, 15개월의 대조군과 운동군에서 체적 밀도의 모든 항은 양군사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 25개월에서는 세포간질이 대조군에 비하여 운동군이 유의한 증가를 나타내었고, 근원섬유는 유의한 차이는 없지만 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 사립체는 대조군에 비하여 유의 한 감소를 나타내었고 근형질세망의 체적밀도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 사립체와 근원섬유 비는 8개월 운동군에서 유의한 차이는 없지만 대조군에 비하여 높게 나타났으며, 15개월의 운동군과 대조군 사이에서는 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. 그러나 25개월 운동군은 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이로 감소하였다. 연령증가에 따른 사립체 내막 표면밀도와 사립체수는 대조군과 운동군 사이에는 유의한 변화는 없었다. 본 연구의 성적을 검토한 결과 젊은층(3개월군)과 중령층(10개월군)의 횐 쥐에서는 반복된 지구력운동이 심장에 미치는 역효과를 인정할 수 없었으며 젊은 층의 횐 쥐에서는 오히려 심장기능 강화를 보이는 경향이 나타났으며, 노화층(20개월군)에서 운동군에서는 스트레스로 작용하여 심장기능의 저하를 초래하였다고 생각된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.265-279
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• 1997

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of chitosan, one of the natural chelator, on the ultrastructural changes in the mouse liver caused by cadmium. A total of 60 healthy ICR that weighted 30 gm $({\pm}2gm)$ was used for experiment. The experimental group was divided into three groups; group A, B, and C. The group A and B administrated cadmium (4.0 mg/kg) to the intraperitoneal after pretreated with chitosan (0.5% solution) for 30 and 7 days, respectively. Each group was observed at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and one week after injected cadmium. The results were as follows: 1. Group A The nuclear membrane and the chromatin were normal shapes at overall the time. The inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria damaged a little but almost normal in shapes. And electron-density showed slightly compacted. some enlarged rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) showed at 12 hours. At 48 hours, typical lamellae of the rER were reformed, and a lot of transvesicles observed around them. To 48 hours, sER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) was slightly dilated. From 72 hours, sER rehalizated in normal shape. 2. Group B Nuclear membranes were rounded-shape and chromatin showed evenly. To 72 hours, a lot of mitochondria observed around rER and development of cristae showed weakly. But at one week, cristae were clear and electron-density of matrix showed high. At 72 hours lamellae of rER showed some broken, but were reformed at one week. Also at one week, glycogen granules evenly showed over cytoplasm. 3. Group C At 12 hours, Nucleus showed the condensation of nuclear membrane and clear condensation at 24 hours. However, nuclear membrane had a slightly rounded-shape from 72 hours. From 12 hours to the one week, mitochondria showed the dilation of inner cavity and weak development of cristae. Also electron-density of matrix was a little low. Occasionally, destruction of inner and outer membrane observed at one week. The dilation of cisternae and destruction of lamellae of rER showed from 12 to 48 hours. From 72 hours, rER showed slightly dilated only. And lamella observed at one week. In sER, dilation of inner cavity was observed during whole period. These results suggest that chitosan attenuates the toxic effect of the cadmium in the mouse liver.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.430-445
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• 1997

In order to know the effects of Calculus $Bovis{\cdot}F디$ Ursi aqua-acupuncture ($C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture) to the liver damage, we carried out the treatment of $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture and injection of Kam-Du-Tang on the liver damaged rat which is induced by aconitine, and then ultrastructural study has been to the liver tissue. The results were as follows: 1. In the hepatic cell of normal group, the nuclear envelope is round and electro-density of nucleoplasm is relatively low, and have one or two large nucleolus. Cell organelle is developed rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) and many mitochondria, glycogen granules, smooth endoplasmic reticulum(SER) and Golgi apparatus. 2. In 24 hours control group, nuclear envelope is very irregular, RER and most of cell organell is shown that destroyed by aconitine. This is similar to the 48 hours control group. In 72 hours control group, RER is recovered somewhat but cristae of mitochondria is not seen the shape 3.In 24 hours $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture group, nuclear envelope is very irregular and cristernae is very dilatable and many mitochondria is dilationed and the cristae is not definite like the control group. In 48 hours $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture group, nuclear envelope is relatively round and chromatin is regular. Cristernae of RER and ribosme is somewhat imperfect but is similar the normal group, and the cristae of mitchondria is shown definitely like the normal group. In 72 hours $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture group, nuclear envelope is round and cell organell is similar to normal group. 4. In 24 hours Kam-Du-Tang group, nuclear envlope is very irregular and cell organelles are destroyed by the effects of aconitine. In 48 hours Kam-Du-Tang group, nuclear envelope is somewhat irregular but chromatin is relatively regular. RER is seperated regularly through the cytoplasm, but cannot make the structure of lamina, and cistennae is very dilationed. many of glycogen granules is seperated regularly. In 72 hours Kam-Du-Tang group, RER makes the lamina. Mitochondria is a little but inner space is dilationed so the shape of is not definite and a lot of glycogen granules are accumulated in several places. It see the above result, hepatic cell that is damaged by aconitine is effected chiefly by the $C{\cdot}F$ acupuncture and effect of acupuncture is similar to the detoxicated effect of Kam-Du-Tang.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 1987

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of a calcinogen, aflatoxin B1 on the ultrastructural changes of ciliary epithelial cells in mice infected with Clonerchis sinensis. A total of 93 male albino mice(BALB/c strain) was divided into 3 groups; group I, treated with 1.0 ppm aflatoxin Bl for 12 weeks; group II, given 50 C. sinensis n;etacercariae, and group III, given 50 metacercariae and treated with 1.0 ppm aflatoxin Bl for 12 weeks. Three mice served for untreated-uninfected controls. From 4 weeks after the treatsment and/or in(ection, three mice from each group were sacrificed at 4 week intervals up to the 40th week, and their hepatobiliary tissues were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The most prominent ultrastructural changes in group I were remarkable enlargement of nuclear size, separation of nucleolus, dispersed chromatin granules in nuclei and increased dense granules along the inner membrane of nuclei. In the cytoplasm there was slight proliferation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at earlier stage. At the 12th week separation of fibrillar and granular components of the nucleolus was a characteristic finding. As the time elapsed, epithelial cells showed fiattened-cuboidal form and a tendency of atrophy. Most of the nuclei were elongated and polygonal in shape. In group II the appearance of elaborate interwoven folds of lateral cytoplasm forming a labyrinth of interconnected intercellular space and variety in nuclear shape were the prominent fadings at earlier stage. The cytoplasm showed slight proliferation and dilatation of mitochondria and ER, and a small number of mucin droplets. In the basement membrane scanty fibrous cells were seen. With time, variety in nuclear shape, marked proliferation and dilatation of rough ER and some collagen fibrils were demonstrated. Other features of intracellular organelles and mucin droplets persisted. In group III cuboidal epithelial cells showed their remarkably enlarged and irregular nuclei, increased chromatin granules in the nuclei, separated nucleoli, proliferated and dilated rough ER. With time, sequestered mitochondria showed blob-like evaginations which lacked cristae and dense matrix, and were limited by a single membrane. Since the 20th week, microvilli were relatively scanty and poorly developed. Organelles and inclusions in the cytoplasm of metaplastic cells were poor. Nuclei were variable in shape. The nlost prominent changes at later stage were separation of nuclei from the cytoplasm, and appearance of numerous and irregularly angled electron dense granules in the nuclei.