• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2015

Isorhamnetin (3-methylquercetin) is a flavonoid derived from the fruits of certain medicinal plants. This study investigated the photoprotective properties of isorhamnetin against cell damage and apoptosis resulting from excessive ultraviolet (UV) B exposure in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Isorhamnetin eliminated UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and attenuated the oxidative modification of DNA, lipids, and proteins in response to UVB radiation. Moreover, isorhamnetin repressed UVB-facilitated programmed cell death in the keratinocytes, as evidenced by a reduction in apoptotic body formation, and nuclear fragmentation. Additionally, isorhamnetin suppressed the ability of UVB light to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, these results indicate that isorhamnetin has the potential to protect human keratinocytes against UVB-induced cell damage and death.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-70
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• 1994

The Korean sounding rockets(KSR420S-1, -2) equipped with ozone detectors have b3en launched at An-heung, Chungchungnam-do, on June 4 and September 1, 1993, respectively. The ozone detector is used to measure the attenuation of solar UV radiation for various frequency bands in the stratosphere, to obtain vertical profiles of the ozone number density in the stratosphere. They confirm that the maximum ozone densities occur near 25 km, which is quite consistent with the mean value in the mid-latitude region. Our results from KSR420S-1 and -2 are compared with the other observation data from the Dobson spectrophotometer at Yonsei Univ., the LIDAR at Kyunghee Univ., the SBUV from Nimbus satellite, and the TOVS from NOAA satellite, which were performed simultaneously with the sounding rocket experiments.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Melanin determines phenotypic appearance and its election-opaque property protects cells from physical, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and chemical stimuli such as free radicals. However hyper-pigmentation is associated with various skin diseases such as keloid scar. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of aqueous extracts from Angelica dahurica Benth. (AEAD) on ${\alpha}-Melanocyte$ stimulating hormone $({\alpha}-MSH)-induced$ melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cell. Relative high doses ($5\;mg/m{\ell}$) of AEAD could inhibit melanin formation without apoptotic death in cells treated with ${\alpha}-MSH$. And also, ${\alpha}-MSH-induced$ activation of tyrosinase was inhibited in cells treated with AEAD. These results suggest that AEAD inhibit melanogenesis through inhibiting tyrosinase activity, and also, AEAD may apply to develop whitening drugs and cosmetics.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.179-185
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• 2014

We study the physical and chemical properties of the molecular clump hosting a young stellar cluster, IRAS 20160+3636, which is believed to have formed via the "collect and collapse" process. Physical parameters of the UC H II region associated with the embedded cluster are measured from the radio continuum observations. This source is found to be a typical Galactic UC H II region, with a B0.5 type exciting star, if it is ionized by a single star. We derive a CN/HCN abundance ratio larger than 1 over this region, which may suggest that this clump is being affected by the UV radiation from the H II region.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2012

The skin is continuously exposed to environmental stresses. One of the most important stress factor is UV radiation. UV radiation causes a variety of biological effects on the skin, including inflammation, pigmentation, photoaging and cancer. Therefore in this study, we tried to search for skin-protective antioxidant materials from marine natural products (Porphyra Thalli, Laminariae japonicae thallus, Ostreae Concha, Sargassum Thallus, Undaria thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Agar, Codium thalli, Hizikia fusiforme thalli; HFE, Thalli) which exhibit protective activities against UVB-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative cell death and antiaging effects. As a results, UVB-induced cytotoxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by treatment of Sargassum Thallus, Agar, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, Thalli ethanol extracts. UVB-induced cell death was mediated by intracellular accumulation or ROS, which was significantly inhibited by treatment with marine natural products extracts. Also, The protective effect of these marine natural products seemed to be mediated by increased expression of type I collagen and Type I procollagen. These results suggest that marine natural products may have anti-aging effects new functional materials against oxidative stress-mediated skin damages.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2013

In this study, the antioxidative activities and component analysis of Broussonetia kazinoki SIEB (B. kazinoki). extracts were investigated. B. kazinoki extract showed the effective free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}=8.53{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$) of the ethyl acetate fraction of B. kazinoki. extracts in the luminol-dependent $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system was $1.69{\mu}g/mL$. The ethyl acetate fraction of B. kazinoki. extracts also exhibited more prominent cellular protective effects (${\tau}_{50}$, 183.3 min at $10{\mu}g/mL$) than that of typical antioxidant $\alpha$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}$ = 38.00 min) in the $^1O_2$-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. Components of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from B. kazinoki extracts were analyzed by TLC, HPLC chromatogram, LC/ESI-MS/MS and $^1H$-NMR. Consequently, Components, components were identified as the kazinol J of kazinol series and luteolin (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone) of flavonoid series having antioxidant activities. These results indicate that extract/ fraction of B. kazinoki can be used as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skins exposed to UV radiation by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protecting cellular membranes against ROS. Thus, the extract/fraction of B. kazinoki could be applicable to new cosmeceuticals.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2004

Melanocytes synthesize melanin within discrete organelle termed melanosomes which are transferred to the surrounding keratinocytes and can be produced in varying sizes, numbers and densities. Skin whitening products have become increasingly popular in the past few years. The most successful natural skin whitening agents are: Arbutin, Vitamin C, Kojic acid, Mulberry, which are all tyrosinase inhibitors. In this work, melanoston, a melanogenesis inhibitor isolated from yeast was studied to understand its mechanism of melanogenesis inhibition. It was found that melanoston was not a tyrosinase inhibitor, while when melanoston was applied to the B16 melanoma cell culture media, the intracellular tyrosinase activity was decreased by more than 30％, When B16 melanoma was stimulated with ${\alpha}$-MSH, cell morphololgy was dramatically changed to have lots of dendrites on the cell membrane surface. On the other hand, B16 was treated with ${\alpha}$-MSH and melanoston, simultaneously, the change of cell morphology was not so great. This inhibition effect of melanoston was found to be related to the inhibition of intracellular activation and transportation of tyrosinase, which was observed by immunostaining of B16 melanoma using anti-tyrosinase antibody. From these results, melanoston was regarded as an inhibitor to the differentiation of melanoma cells.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.25-33
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• 2005

Melanocytes synthesize melanin within discrete organelle termed melanosomes which are transferred to the surrounding keratinocytes and can be produced in varying sizes, numbers and densities. Skin whitening products have become increasingly popular in the past few years. The most successful natural skin whitening agents are: arbutin, vitamin C, kojic acid, and mulberry, which are all tyrosinase inhibitors. In this work, melanoston, a melanogenesis inhibitor isolated from yeast was studied to understand its mechanism of melanogenesis inhibition. It was found that melanoston was not a tyrosinase inhibitor, while when melanoston was applied to the B16 melanoma cell culture media, the intracellular tyrosinase activity was decreased by more than $30\%$. When B16 melanoma was stimulated with $\alpha$-MSH, cell morphololgy was dramatically changed to have lots of dendrites on the cell membrane surface. On the other hand, B16 was treated with $\alpha$-MSH and melanoston, simultaneously, the change of cell morphologv was not so great. This inhibitory effect of melanoston was found to be related to the inhibition of intracellar activation and transportation of tyrosinase, which was observed by irmmunostaining of B16 melanoma using anti-tyrosinase antibody. From these results, melanoston was regarded as an inhibitor to the differentiation of melanoma cells.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2016

We investigated the antioxidative and protective effects of corn silk (Zea mays L.) ethanol extracts on human HaCaT cells and erythrocytes. The NICS-2 fraction, extracted from corn silk, exhibited favorable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities with $IC_{50}$valuesof$13.3{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/mL$ and $14.2{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/mL$ when compared with those of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, a positive control, with $IC_{50}=10.4{\pm}02.2$ and $22.2{\pm}3.6{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, we investigated skin protection effects of NICS extracts of corn silk in HaCaT keratinocytes. To investigate the pharmacological potential of NICS-1 and NICS-2 extracts of corn silk on UV-B-induced damage in HaCaT cells, we measured the activity of interleukin (IL) 1a. Our results showed that all the corn silk extracts inhibited the UV-B-induced activity of IL-1a. In particular, NICS-1 extracts of corn silk significantly suppressed IL-1a activity in a dose-dependent manner without inducing cytotoxicity. These results indicate that the ethanol extracts of corn silk (Zea mays L.) could function as natural cytoprotective agents and antioxidants in biological systems, particularly the skin exposed to UV radiation, by protecting cellular membrane against reactive oxygen species (ROS).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.163-177
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• 2019

This study aims to review the relations between the dyeing conditions (i.e., dye concentration, addition amounts of salt and alkali, and dyeing temperature) and dyeing properties and color fastness to light for identifying the optimal dyeing conditions when dyed regenerated woody fibers were obtained through the defibration of waste medium density fiberboard (MDF) using reactive Red H-E3B (Bis-monochlorotriazine (MCT)/MCT type) and reactive Red RB133% (Bis-MCT/Vinyl sulphone type). The dyeing yield (K/S) obtained using two types of reactive dyes increased as the dye concentration increased by 1-10% (on the weight of fiber (OWF)). In addition, the K/S of H-E3B was higher than that of RB133% irrespective of the dye concentration. The color difference of H-E3B after ultraviolet (UV) radiation was lower than that of RB133%, denoting good resistance to discoloration by UV. As the amount of sodium sulfate increased, the color difference and K/S also increased, and the adequate salt content was determined to be 50-70 g/L. Further, the color difference and K/S significantly increased only the addition of 2 g/L of sodium carbonate; however, almost no difference was observed when more than 2 g/L of sodium carbonate was added. The addition amount of sodium carbonate was adequate 5-10 g/L to dyeing the fiber and the pH at this addition level was 10. The dyeing yield of H-E3B increased when the dyeing temperature increased; however, it subsequently decreased after the dyeing temperature became $80^{\circ}C$. The dyeing yield of RB133% was almost the same up to $60-70^{\circ}C$ but declined subsequently. Thus, the adequate temperatures were $80^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ for H-E3B and RB133%, respectively. If the waste MDF woody fiber was dyed under the aforementioned optimal conditions, dyed regenerated woody fiber can be obtained having the following colors: 1.5 to 2.0R with the H-E3B dye and 9.6 to 10.0 PR with RB133%.