• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1994년도 94 Symposium on Plant science September 10, 1994 Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea 94 식물학 심포지움 환경 스트레스와 식물의 반응
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• pp.29-39
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• 1994

Serious issues about the changes in the environmental conditions on earth associated with human activities have arisen, and the interest in these problems has increased. It is urgent to determine how the expansion of terrestrial UV-B radiation due to the stratospheric ozone depletion influences living matters. In this connection, we have been investigating the effects of UV-B radiation on the growth of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.). We report here some physiological and genetic aspects of resistance to inhibitory effects of UV-B radiation on growth of rice cultivars as described below. Elevated UV radiation containing large amount of UV-B and a small amount of UV-C inhibited the development of plant height, the photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content in rice plants in a phytotron. Similar results were obtained in experiments, in which elevated UV-V radiation. Similar results were obtained in experiments, in which elevated UV-B radiation (transmission down to 290 nm) was applied instead of UV-B radiation containing a small amount of UV-C. The inhibitory effects of UV radiation was alleviated by the elevated CO2 atmospheric environment or by the exposure to the high irradiance visible radiation. The latter suggested the possibility that the resistance to the effects of UV radiation was either due to a lower sensitivity to UV radiation or to a greater ability to recover from the injury caused by UV radiation through the exposure to visible radiation. The examination of cultivar differences in the resistance to UV radiation-caused injuries among 198 rice cultivars belonging to 5 Asian rice ecotypes (aus, aman, boro, bulu and tjeleh) from the Bengal region and Indonesia and to Japanese lowland and upland rice groups showed the following: Various cultivars having different sensitivities to the effects of UV radiation were involved in the same ecotype and the same group, and that the Japanese lowland rice group and the boro ecotype were more resistant. Among Japanese lowland rice cultivars, Sasanishiki (one of the leading varieties in Japan) exhibited more resistance to UV rakiation, while Norin 1 showed less resistance, although these two cultivars are closely related. It was thus indicated that the resistance to the inhibitory effects of UV radiation of rice cultivars is not simply due to the difference in the geographical situation where rice cultuvars are cultivated. Form the genetic analysis of resistance to the inhibitory effects of UV radiation on growth of rice using F2 plants generated by reciprocally crossing Sasanishiki and Norin 1 and F3 lines generated by self-fertilizing F2 plants, it was evident that the resistance to the inhibitory of elebated UV radiation in these rice plants was controlled by recessive polygenes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.296-301
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• 1999

The concerns on the crop damage by ultraviolet (UV) radiations is increasing owing to the decrease of their absorbing stratospheric ozone in the tropospheric. Cultivar differences on early growth of UV radiation among five Korean rice cultivars, four japonica types and one Tongil type (indica-japonica cross hybrid), were studied. Pot-seeded rice plants were grown under four different radiation conditions, i.e., visible radiation only, visible radiation with supplemented with high or low dose of UV-B (280~320 nm in wavelength) and UV-C (less than 280 nm in wavelength). The inhibitory degree on plant height, shoot and root weight and length of leaf blade and leaf sheath were determined at 40 days after seeding. UV-C showed the most severe inhibitory effect on the degree of biomass gain and leaf growth in most cultivars examined, followed by high UV-B and low UV-B. Among the cultivars used, the Kuemobyeo was the most sensitive cultivar and had not repair or showed resistance ability to continued irradiation of UV radiation. However, Janganbyeo and Jaekeon showed different responses that the elongation of leaf blades was promoted on 2nd and 3rd leaves and inhibited on 4th and 5th leaves but this inhibitory degree was reduced on 6 th and 7th leaves. Such tendency on leaf growth means that both cultivars had low sensitivity and most resistant ability to continued irradiation of UV radiation. While Tongil showed different response to enhanced UV radiation, ie., low UV-B promoted leaf growth but the inhibitory was severely increased by continued irradiation of high UV-B and UV-C, which means that Tongil had high threshold of UV radiation for response as an inhibitory light of plant growth. The results of this study indicate that the differences on sensitivity or resistant to the effects of UV radiation were existed among Korean rice cultivars.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.635-642
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• 1996

UV-B증가가 지질과산화에 미치는 영향과 UV-B조사에 대한 carotenoid 및 polyamine의 지질과산화 방어반응을 조사하기 위해 자연광 이용의 인공기상실내에서 12일간 벼 (Oryza sativa L., cv. Koshihikari) 유식물에 2단계의 UV-B조사 실험을 수행했다. UV-B처리에 의한 건물량의 감소는 조사시간의 경과와 함께 증가하였다. 지질과산화산물인 malondialdehyde (MDA)의 함량은 6일간의 UV-B처리에 의해 약 30 %의 증가를 보였다. Carotenoid의 함량은 UV-B처리에 의해 약 10% 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 한편, 벼에는 크게 3종류의 polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine)이 존재하였으며, 이들 모두 UV-B처리에 의해 상당히 증가되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, UV-B조사에 의해 생성된 활성산소가 생체막지질의 산화에 관여하는 것으로 사료되며, polyamine의 증가는 UV-B조사에 의한 세포막 파괴를 막기 위한 생화학적 방어반응으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.466-469
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• 2002

An experiment has been conducted to measure the impact of UV radiation sensitivity on dermatophytes (Microsporum boullardii) by different UV radiation exposure time interval (1 min, 2 min 5 min, 10 min and 20 min) in degradation of keratin (Feather) in growth promoting substances of protein, cysteine, cystine and methionine from 7 to 28 days of incubation period. Mutant strain caused maximum weight loss with 1 minutes of UV radiation exposure at 21 day and mutant strain became immune in sensitivity at 14 days for decomposition of feathers. Maximum protein caused at 21st days with 20 minutes U.V radiation exposure and immune sensitivity had deducted with other UV radiation exposure time. On 28 days, mutant strains became immune with all exposure times, Whereas maximum methionine caused at 21st days with 20 minutes UV radiation exposure. Maximum cysteine caused at $14^{th}$ day with 5 minutes UV radiation exposure and mutant strain showed immune response at all time periods. Cystine production was also followed by cysteine at 21 day and also showed complete immune response with 1 and 2 minutes UV radiation exposure at7 and 14 days. Thus mutant strain of Microspornm boullardii can be used as a biotechnological tool for production of growth promoting substances.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2004

For the purpose of understanding the cloud scattering effect of UV radiation at King Sejong station In West Antarctica, we analyzed the data measured by UV-Biometer at surface and compared its result with solar radiation model. The parameterization of UV radiation by cloud ice crystal was applied to solar radiation model and the sensitivity of this model for the variation of ice crystal was tested. The cloud optical thickness was calculated by using this solar radiation model. It was compared the result from calculation with CERES satellite data. In solar radiation model, the UV radiation was less scattered with increase of ice crystal size in cloud and this scattering effect was more important to UV-A radiation than Erythemal UV-B radiation. But scattering effects by altitude of cloud was not serious. The calculated cloud optical thicknesses in Erythemal UV-B and UV-A region were compared with CERES satellite data and the result by UV-A was more accurate than Erythemal UV-B region.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1994

Elevated near-UV radiation, containing a large amount of UV-B and a small amount of UV-C, inhibited the development of leaves and tillers, the increase in biomass production, the elongation of plant height, the photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content in rice plants in a phytotron. Elevated UV-B radiation filtered through cellulose diacetate film or UV-31 cut filter (transmission down to 290 nm) similarly suppressed each growth component above. Near-UV radiation-caused injuries were alleviated either by elevated CO$_2$ atmosphere or by exposure to high irradiance-visible radiation. On the basis of these findings, we examined cultivar differences in the resistance to UV radiation-caused injuries among 198 rice cultivars belonging to 5 Asian rice ecotypes ( aus, aman, boro, bulu and tjeleh) from the Bengal region and Indonesia and to Japanese lowland and upland rice groups. It was shown that .various cultivars having different sensitivities to the effects of near-UV radiation were involved in the same ecotype and the same group, and that the Japanese lowland rice group and the boro ecotype were more resistant. Among Japanese lowland rice cultivars, Sasanishiki (one of the leading varieties in Japan) exhibited more resistance to near-UV radiation, while Norin 1 showed less resistance, although these two cultivars are closely related. It was thus indicated that the resistance to the inhibitory effects of near-UV radiation of rice cultivars is not simply due to the difference in the geographical situation where rice cultivars are cultivated. From the genetic analysis of resistance to the inhibitory effects of UV radiation on growth of rice using F$_2$ plants generated by reciprocally crossing Sasanishiki and Norin 1 and F$_3$ lines generated by self-fertilizing F$_2$ plants, it was evident that the resistance to the inhibitory effects of elevated near-UV radiation in these rice plants was controlled by recessive polygenes.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2003

A solar radiation model was used to investigate the UV radiation at the surface offing Sejong Station in West Antarctica. The results calculated by this model were compared with the values measured by UV-Biometer and UV-A meter during 1999-2000. In this study, the parameterization of solar radiative transfer process was based on Chou and Lee(1996). The total ozone amounts measured by Breve. Ozone Spectrophotometer and the aerosol amounts by Nakajima et al.(1996) was used as the input data of the solar radiative transfer model. And the surface albedo is assumed to be 0.20 in summer and 0.85 in winter. The sensitivity test of solar radiative transfer model was done with the variation of total ozone, aerosol amount, and surface albedo. When the cosine of solar zenith angle is 0.3, Erythemal UV-B radiation decreased 73% with the 200% increase of total ozone from 100 DU to 300 DU, but the decrease of UV-A radiation is about 1%. Also, for the same solar zenith angle, UV-A radiation was decreased 31.0% with the variation of aerosol optical thickness from 0.0 to 0.3 and Erythemal UV-B radiation was decreased only 6.1%. The increase of Erythemal W-B radiation with the variation of surface albedo was twice that of UV-A increase. The surface Erythemal UV-B and UV-A radiation calculated by solar raditive transfer model were compared with the measured values fer the relatively clear day at King Sejong Station in West Antarctica. The model calculated Erythemal UV-B radiation at the surface coincide well with the measured values except for cloudy days. But the difference between the model calculated UV-A radiation and the measured value at the surface was large because of cloud scattering effect. So, the cloud property data is needed to calculate the UV radiation more exactly at King Sejong Station in West Antarctica.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 1999

The growth of two phytoplanktons was studied in a natural environment and in the laboratory under artificial radiation conditions in the presence or absence of UV radiation. The effect of an elevated temperature on the two phytoplanktons was also examined. UV radiation resulted in a decrease in the growth of the two phytoplanktons ; P. micans was more affected by UV than S. costatum. Four hours of UV radiation decreased the motility of S. costatum and P. micans by 20% and 40%, respectively. Accordingly, an elevated temperature and UV radiation decreased the growth rate of the two phytoplanktons investigated.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.436-438
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• 2002

Since solar radiation contains wavelength essential for photosynthesis accompanying with near-UV light, UV-B effects on biological parameters and acclimation mechanisms are influenced by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Therefore, to elucidate near-UV shielding mechanism in higher plants, we cultivated cauliflower under usual solar radiation and increased UV-B from fluorescent lamps, two- or three-fold excess over continuously estimated UV-B dose in PAR during daytime, using computer regulated systems. Increased UV-B radiation had little effect on growth expressed as fresh weigh and leaf area. Water soluble low molecular weight compounds showing absorption in near UV region were enhanced according to the irradiated UV-B dose. One of compounds in cauliflower leaves was identified as chlorogenic acid. This was found to have no near-UV photosenSitizerable activity and is known to have an ability to scavenge a wide species of active oxygen. Another pro-oxidant compound that generates superoxide anion radical under near-UV irradiation was not induced by increased UV-B during cultivation, and identified as lumazine, a degradation product from folic acid.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권4호
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• pp.601-610
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• 1998

본 연구는 시설에서 자란 콘테이너 묘목(苗木)의 경화과정(硬化過程)에 UV-B의 이용 가능성을 탐색하고자 생장상(生長箱)에서 4개월간 생육(生育)시킨 자작나무 묘목을 대상으로 UV-$B_{BE}$ $3.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$과 $5.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ 수준의 UV-B 처리와 수분(水分)스트레스 처리(處理)를 4주간 실시하여 경화처리 전(前), 후(後)의 생장(生長) 및 생리적(生理的) 특성을 비교 분석하였다. UV-B 또는 수분스트레스 처리는 수고생장(樹高生長), 잎의 건물량축적(建物量蓄積)을 감소시켰다. UV-B 처리는 근원경생장(根元徑生長)을 감소시켰으나 수분스트레스 처리는 근원경생장을 증진시켰다. UV-B 처리 또는 수분스트레스 처리에 의한 잎의 건물량감소는 묘목의 T/R율을 감소시켰다. T/R율의 감소효과는 수분스트레스 처리에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 엽록소(葉緣素) 지수(指數)는 UV-B 5.2에서 가장 낮았으며 UV-B 3.2와 수분스트레스 처리에서는 비슷한 수준이었다. UV-B 또는 수분스트레스 처리는 콘테이너 묘목의 함수율(含水率)과 수분포텐셜을 낮추었으며 삼투압(滲透壓)을 높혔다. 경화처리에 의한 잎과 줄기의 함수율 감소는 UV-B 처리에 의해서는 빠르게 일어났으나 수분스트레스 처리에 의해서는 보다 서서히 일어났다. 이상의 결과를 보면, 자작나무 콘테이너 묘목의 경화단계에 처리된 UV-B에 의한 생장반응(生長反應) 및 수분생리(水分生理) 변화는 수분스트레스 처리에서의 효과와 유사한 면이 관찰되었다.