• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.902-910
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• 2012

The photodegradation characteristics of 30 pharmaceuticals were investigated by batch experiments using Ultraviolet (UV) reactor. The investigated pharmaceuticals include antibiotics, analgesics and antiarrhythmic agents etc. Tested water was prepared by simultaneously spiking 30 pharmaceuticals into pure water, and each experiment was conducted using 3 types of UV lamps. As a result, batch experiments showed that reactions of all the investigated pharmaceuticals followed pseudo-first order reaction regardless of the applied UV lamps. Among the pharmaceuticals, Cyclophosphamide, 2-Quinoxaline carboxylic acid and Clarithromycin proved to be the most UV-resistant compounds. Contrarily, Ceftiofur, Diclofenac and Ketoprofen were easily degraded by all the UV lamps. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration hardly changed although the concentration of the pharmaceuticals concentration gradually decreased with time, indicating that the degradation of parent pharmaceuticals may produce their intermediates during UV treatment.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제28권A호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2008

In recent years, much attention has been paid to "Photocatalytic oxidation" as an alternative technique, where the pollutants are degraded by UV-irradiation in the presence of a semiconductor suspension such as titanium dioxide. $TiO_2$ is the most often used photocatalyst due to its considerable photocatalytic activity, high stability, non-environmental impact and low cost. 1n this research, the photocatalytic degradation of humic acid, acetaldehyde and methylene blue in $UV/TiO_2$ systems has been stydied. The effect of calcination temperature for manufacturing of $TiO_2$ photocatalysts and type of photocatalysts on photodegradation has been investigated. Photocatalysts with various metal ions(Mn, Fe, Cu and Pt) loading are tested to evaluate the effects of metal ions impurities on photodegradation. The photodegradation efficiency with $Pt-TiO_2$ or $Fe-TiO_2$ or $Cu-TiO_2$ is higher than Degussa P-25 powder. However, the photodegradation efficiency with $Mn-TiO_2$ is lower than Degussa P-25 powder. The photocatalytic properties of the nanocrystals were strongly dependent upon the crystallinity, particle size, standard reduction potential of various transition metal and electronegativity of various transition metal. As a result photocatalysts with various metal ion loading evaluated the effect of photodegradation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2007

The photodegradation and by-products of the gaseous toluene with $TiO_2$ (P25) and short-wavelength UV ($UV_{254+185nm}$) radiation were studied. The toluene was decomposed and mineralized efficiently owed to the synergistic effect of photochemical oxidation in the gas phase and photocatalytic oxidation on the $TiO_2$ surface. The toluene by the $UV_{254+185nm}$ photoirradiated $TiO_2$ were mainly mineralized $CO_2$ and CO, but some water-soluble organic intermediates were also formed under severe reaction conditions. The ozone and secondary organic aerosol were produced as undesirable by-products. It was found that wet scrubber was useful as post-treatment to remove water-soluble organic intermediates. Excess ozone could be easily removed by means of a $MnO_2$ ozone-decomposition catalyst. It was also observed that the $MnO_2$ catalyst could decompose organic compounds by using oxygen reactive species formed in process of ozone decomposition.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.101-103
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• 2012

The ultraviolet (UV) degradation products of photochromic naphthoxazine and naphthopyran derivatives in acetonitrile were separated and identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Photodegradation resulted in oxidation of products.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to delineate removal efficiency of the MTBE in solution by $TiO_2$ photocatalytic degradation as a function of the following different experimental conditions: Initial concentration of MTBE, air flow rate in solution, $H_2O_2$ dosage and pH of the solution. Photodegradation rate was increased with decreasing initial concentration of MTBE. The removal efficiency was 82% after 180 min in the case of MTBE concentration of 100 mg/L but 100% after 180 min in the case of 20 mg/L. Removal efficiency was increased with increasing pH, $H_2O_2$ dosage and air flow rate in solution.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was carried out to examine whether the apparent photolysis with or without sensitizers [NaOH and humic acid (HA)] was prompted photodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in aqueous solution. Methods: PCBs photodegradation occurred using fluorescence black lamps at ${\lambda}_{max}=300nm$. PCB congeners were exposed in 10 ppm HA or 0.05N NaOH solutions, to investigate the decreasing profile of PCB concentration with time. The PCBs were then analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Reductive degradation profile of PCB congeners in the presence of both sensitizers under oxygen-saturated protic conditions was described using the wind-rose diagrams. Results: Use of HA or NaOH decreased PCB concentration with time in the dark and on irradiation, indicating that photolysis underwent through reductive dechlorination through energy transfer and possibly with reactive oxygens. The dechlorination was marked by a chromatographic shift, observed in the GC-MS plots. Therefore it is logical to assume that increasing the dose of sensitizers would increase the photodegradation rates of PCBs. The half-lives of pentachloro-PCB (penta-3) in 0.05N NaOH and 10 ppm HA were estimated at about 47 hours and 39 hours, respectively, under the same experimental conditions of photolysis. It was found that the rate of photolysis of pentachloro-PCB in aqueous solution followed apparent first-order kinetics compared to other congeners. Conclusion: Photochemical degradation (using 328 nm UV light) of penta- and hexa-PCBs in HA or alkaline solution is a viable method for pretreatment method. The results are helpful for the further comprehension of the reaction mechanism for photolytic dechlorination of PCBs in aquatic system.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2016

N-니트로스아민은 인체에 매우 위험한 발암성 화합물이다. 수용액상 N-니트로스아민을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있는 방법 중 하나로 자외선 조사가 고려되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 수처리와 연관성이 높은 N-니트로스아민(즉, N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA)과 N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR))의 UV 광분해에서 pH 영향을 규명하는 것이다. NDBA과 NPYR의 광분해 속도상수는 pH2-10 사이에서 각각 3.26×10^-2 L/W-min에서 5.08×10^-3 L/W-min와 1.14×10^-2 L/W-min에서 2.80×10^-3 L/W-min로 나타났다. 한편 산화 생성물인 NO2^-와 NO3^- 이온의 생성에 대해서도 연구하였다. 약산성에서 중성의 조건에서는 NO^3-에 비해 NO^2-이 주로 생성되었고, 강한 산성에서는 NO^3-이 더 많이 생성되었다. 총유기 탄소(TOC)와 총질소(TN)은 거의 변화가 없었으며, 이것으로부터 N-니트로스아민과 생성물이 광분해 시스템에서 거의 손실이 없었던 것으로 볼 수 있다. BDBA가 NPYR에 비해 상대적으로 용이하게 광분해되었다. 또한 수용액상 N-니트로스아민을 UV 광분해로 제거할 때 pH가 낮을수록 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국광과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광과학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 제9회 광과학 학술심포지움 논문초록
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• pp.90-90
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• 2002

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2010

For the present paper, we prepared MgO/MWCNT/$TiO_2$ photocatalyst by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) pre-oxidized by m-chlorperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) with magnesium acetate tetrahydrate $(Mg(CH_2COO)_2\cdot4H_2O)$ and titanium n-butoxide $(Ti\{OC(CH_3)_3\}_4)$ as magnesium and titanium precursors. The prepared photocatalyst was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The decomposition of methylene blue (MB) solution was determined under irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light. The XRD results show that the MgO/MWCNT/$TiO_2$ photocatalyst have cubic MgO structure and anatase $TiO_2$ structure. The porous structure and the $TiO_2$ agglomerate coated on the MgO/MWCNT composite can be observed in SEM images. The Mg, O, Ti and C elements can be also observed in MgO/MWCNT/$TiO_2$ photocatalyst from EDX results. The results of photodegradation of MB solution under UV light show that the concentration of MB solution decreased with an increase of UV irradiation time for all of the samples. Also, the MgO/MWCNT/$TiO_2$ photocatalyst has the best photocatalytic activity among these samples. It can be considered that the MgO/MWCNT/$TiO_2$ photocatalyst had a combined effect, the effect of MWCNT, which could absorb UV light to create photoinduced electrons $(e^-)$, and the electron trapping effect of MgO, which resulted in an increase of the photocatalytic activity of $TiO_2$.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.699-704
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• 1999

The Photodegradation efficient of total organic compounds in the drinking water has been studied using the methods of photocatalytic reaction and laser beam irradation. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The photodegradation efficiency of total organic compounds shows as $50\%\;to\;80\%$ as within one hour and after this the efficiency is decreased slowly. 2. The photodegradation efficiency of total organic compounds shows as 65 to $90\%$ within 3.3min. when Nd : YAG beam is irradiated to the water layer. 3. An excellent observation of the organic compound removal efficiency gives revealed in that case of the longest wavelength of 532nm is irradiated among the three kinds of laser beam sources of 532nm, 355nm and 266nm. 4. The organic compound removal efficiency shows high in the case of UV beam irradiation in the thin layer of water. However the efficiency is not depended on the thickness of water layer severely. 5. The removal efficiency of the organic compounds in the direct irradiation shows higher than the indirect irradiation in the case of UV beam, but the efficiency is not depended on the direction of irradiation in the case of Nd : YAG beam irradiation.