• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 1985

전자포획 핵종인 $^{133}Ba$ 용액의 방사능 측정이 ${\beta}-{\gamma}$ 동시계수 방법에 의하여 수행되었다. $4{\pi}$ 비례계수기와 두개의 NaI(Tl) 섬광검출기를 사용하여 베타, 감마 및 동시계수 채널에서 계수율을 측정하였다. 효율외삽법으로 산출된 용액의 비 방사능은 기준시간(1984년 3월 15일 0시, UT)에 대하여 $(1151.01{\pm})2.99)\;kBq{\cdot}g^{-1}$이었다. 국제도량형국이 주관한 방사능 측정의 국제비교에 의하면, 이 결과는 그 비교에서 얻어진 평균값에 대하여 약 0.84%의 차이를 나타냈다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2014

Objective: This study aims to investigate high energy and low energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and which one is more effective for shoulder pain. Design: Single blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifty two subjects with upper trapezius (UT) trigger point (TrP) participated in this study. They were allocated to high energy (n=26) and low energy group (n=26). This study applies ESWT and investigates the changes of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and visual analogue scale (VAS). The high and low energy groups received focused piezo electric type ESWT 4 Hz, 1,000 pulses and 0.351 and $0.092mJ/mm^2$ respectively. Outcome measures of PPT and pain was measured by algometer and pain VAS. These measurements were performed before and after treatment. Results: The PPT value was significantly increased in both groups after treatment (p<0.05) and VAS scores were significantly decreased after treatment in both groups (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: ESWT is an effective treatment for the application of the UT TrP. Although there were significant effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on PPT and VAS scores, there were no signficant differences between high and low energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.658-672
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• 2021

Since the signal with strong power need be demodulated first for successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, the base station (BS) need inform the near user terminal (UT), which has allocated higher power, of the far UT's modulation mode. To avoid unnecessary signaling overhead of control channel, a blind detection algorithm of NOMA signal modulation mode is designed in this paper. Taking the joint constellation density diagrams of NOMA signal as the detection features, the deep residual network is built for classification, so as to detect the modulation mode of NOMA signal. In view of the fact that the joint constellation diagrams are easily polluted by high intensity noise and lose their real distribution pattern, the wavelet denoising method is adopted to improve the quality of constellations. The simulation results represent that the proposed algorithm can achieve satisfactory detection accuracy in NOMA systems. In addition, the factors affecting the recognition performance are also verified and analyzed.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2022

Purpose: Thisstudy aimed to identify the effect of varying the expansibility of elastic tape on the onset time of muscle contraction during neck extension for forward head posture syndrome. Methods: Forty-five young adults with forward head posture syndrome volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to the expansibility of the elastic tape (25%, 50%, 75%). The onset time of muscle contraction for the neck extensor during neck extension was measured using an electromyographic system (Free EMG, BTS, Italy). Multivariate analysis of variance was employed to determine the effect of different expansibilities of elastic tape on the onset time of muscle contraction during neck extension for forward head posture syndrome. When there was a statistically significant difference by MANOVA, Scheffe was used as a post-hoc test. The level of significance was set at α=0.05. Results: In the comparison of the onset time of muscle contraction of varying elastic tape expansibilities and measurement times, there was a significant difference between the groups (Lt. UT, Lt. SCM, Rt. SCM) (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the interaction between the measurement time and the group, between the measurement time (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In the neck extension, 75% of the tape extensibility in the Lt. UT and both SCM shortened the muscle contraction onset time.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2023년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.140-142
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• 2023

Federated learning (FL) is a new paradigm in machine learning (ML) that enables multiple devices to collaboratively train a shared ML model without sharing their local data. FL is well-suited for applications where data is sensitive or difficult to transmit in large volumes, or where collaborative learning is required. The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is a network of underwater devices that collect and exchange data. This data can be used for a variety of applications, such as monitoring water quality, detecting marine life, and tracking underwater vehicles. However, the harsh underwater environment makes it difficult to collect and transmit data in large volumes. FL can address these challenges by enabling devices to train a shared ML model without having to transmit their data to a central server. This can help to protect the privacy of the data and improve the efficiency of training. In this view, this paper provides a brief overview of Fed-IoUT, highlighting its various applications, challenges, and opportunities.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2011

Since the discovery of fullerenes as a class of nanostructure compounds, many potential applications have been suggested for their unusual structures and properties. The isolated pentagon rule (IPR) states that all pentagonal carbon rings are isolated in the most stable fullerene. Fullerenes $C_n$ are a class of spherical carbon allotrope group with unique properties. Electron transfer between fullerenes and other molecules is thought to involve the transfer of electrons between the molecules surrounding the fullerene cage. One class of electron transfer molecules is the methanofullerene derivatives ([6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), 4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-[6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester (p-EHO-PCBM), and 4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-[6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid (p-EHO-PCBA), 10-12). It has been determined that $C_{60}$ does not obey IPR. Supramolecular complexes 1-9 and 10-12 are shown to possess a previously unreported host.guest interaction for electron transfer processes. The unsaturated, cis-geometry, thiocrown ethers, (1-9) (described as [X-UT-Y], where X and Y indicate the numbers of carbon and sulfur atoms, respectively), are a group of crown ethers that display interesting physiochemical properties in the light of their conformational restriction compared with a corresponding saturated system, as well as the sizes of their cavities. Topological indices have been successfully used to construct mathematical methods that relate structural data to various chemical and physical properties. To establish a good relationship between the structures of 1-9 with 10-12, a new index is introduced, ${\mu}_{cs}$. This index is the ratio of the sum of the number of carbon atoms ($n_c$) and the number of sulfur atoms ($n_s$) to the product of these two numbers for 1-9. In this study, the relationships between this index and oxidation potential ($^{ox}E_1$) of 1-9, as well as the first to third free energies of electron transfer (${\Delta}G_{et(n)}$, for n = 1-3, which is given by the Rehm-Weller equation) between 1-9 and PCBM, p-EHO-PCBM, and p-EHO-PCBA (10-12) as [X-UT-Y]@R(where R is the adduct PCBM, p-EHO-PCBM, and p-EHO-PCBA group) (13-15) supramolecular complexes are presented and investigated.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

본 연구는 친환경 토마토(Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) 농가에서 대표적으로 자가 제조되고 있는 액비를 노지에 관주하였을 때 생장과 수량에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 처리는 무처리(물), 유박, 골분+어분, 생선아미노산, 깻묵, 불가사리 액비를 포함하였다. 깻묵과 불가사리 액비의 시기별 pH는 보관 30일 이후에 크게 감소하였고 두 자재의 EC는 0.6~0.8 dS/m으로 가장 높았고 골분+어분액비도 0.4 dS/m 전후로 높은 수준이었다. 액비의 전질소 농도는 불가사리 액비가 0.0062%로 가장 높았고 깻묵(0.0059%) > 골분+어분(0.0030%)순이었고 칼륨도 위의 세 가지 액비에서 가장 높았다. 액비의 인산과 칼슘은 생선아미노산 자재에서 가장 높았고 마그네슘은 식물성인 깻묵 자재에서 유의성 있게 높게 나타났다. 토양 EC는 불가사리 액비 처리구에서 0.74 dS/m로 가장 높았지만 토양과 잎의 대량 무기성분 농도는 처리 간에 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 잎의 건물중과 엽온 및 줄기의 직경과 초장을 15일에 한 번씩 조사한 결과, 잎 건물중은 시기별로 무처리구에서 대부분 낮았고 초장도 생육 초기에 무처리구에서 가장 작았지만 후기에는 자가제조 액비와 비슷한 수준이었다. 과실수량과 평균과중은 무처리구에서 처리 후 75일 까지 유의성 있게 낮았다. 과실횡경은 골분+어분과 불가사리 액비 처리로 가장 증가하였고 과실 당도와 착색은 생선아미노산 액비구에서 가장 향상되었다. 과실경도는 골분+어분 처리에서 가장 높았다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2003

수동 초음파검사를 자동검사로 대체하기 위해서는 탐촉자의 위치정보를 정확하게 제어할 수 있는 주사장치가 필수적이다. 위치정보를 알기 위하여 기존의 모터제어 주사장치에서는 엔코더를 사용하고 있으며 엔코더는 여러 가지 측면에서 많은 장점을 가지고 있으나 주사 중에 미끄러짐(slip)이 발생하면 엔코더 위치정보의 정확도에 많은 오차가 포함되게 된다. 따라서, 미끄러짐이 있는 경우의 위치정보는 무의미하게 되며, 자동초음파검사의 신뢰도는 큰 문제가 된다. 그러므로 미끄러짐을 피해야 하나 현재는 이를 완전히 해결하는 방법은 없는 상태이다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하고 엔코더를 대체할 수 있는 새로운 개념의 초음파검사 자동 주사장치의 위치 제어기술을 제안하고 이 방법이 실제 사용 가능함을 확인하였다 즉, 주사하고자 하는 직선 영역에 송신용 표면파 탐촉자를 부착하고 주사장치에 부착된 수신용 탐촉자에서 표면파를 수신하여 현재의 주사장치의 위치를 계산하고 이를 바탕으로 주사하고자 하는 거리만큼의 주사장치의 이동을 제어할 수 있다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2005

The couple force of the scapular stabilizers for upward rotation that include the upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior muscles is essential to maintain the stability of shoulder joint. But if there is an imbalance of these muscles, it would occur many problems of shoulder joint. A push-up plus exercise with an unstable support is used in order to increase the muscle activity and stimulate the proprioception of shoulder joint. The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activity of upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior muscles and to determine which exercise is more effective when subjects perform push-up plus exercise in the stable support and unstable support. 15 healthy subjects and 15 painful subjects with injury of shoulder joint participated in this study. Surface electromyography data were collected during plus phase of push-up plus exercise. The types of push-up plus exercise were composed of three conditions. Stable type is subjects performed the push-up plus exercise on the fixed support and unstable type 1 is on the sling without shaking and unstable type 2 is on the sling with shaking by tester's manual. The upper and lower trapezius activities of injured group were higher than uninjured group at three measure conditions, but serratus anterior activities were not. The UT/SA ratio of injured group was higher than uninjured group at three measure conditions. The serratus anterior activities were most high at unstable 2 measure in both groups. The UT/SA ratio was most low at unstable 2 measure condition in injured group only. The present result revealed that push-up plus exercise in the unstable support with shaking which took most high serratus anterior activities and most low of UT/SA ratio is optimal cure method that can improve the imbalance of the scapular stabilizer.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2021

비운송 지중구조물인 전력구와 공동구는 대부분 철근 콘크리트 구조물로서 공용기간이 경과함에 따라 탄산화에 의한 열화로 내구성이 저하된다. 특히, 전력구 및 공동구는 용도별, 지역별로 탄산화 속도가 상이하므로 개별적인 유지관리를 위해서는 탄산화 실측 데이터에 기반한 예측 모델이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 노후화 된 전력구 및 공동구와 같이 기존 비운송 지중구조물에 대한 탄산화 예측 모델을 개발하였다. 탄산화 예측 모델 개발을 위해 안전점검에서 확보한 실측 데이터를 기반으로 다중회귀분석 및 심층신경망 기법을 활용하였다. 다중회귀분석에서 종속 변수인 탄산화 속도계수 결정을 위해 독립 변수로서 구조물, 지역, 측정 위치, 시공 유형, 측정 부재, 콘크리트 강도를 선정하였으며, 다중회귀 예측 모델의 수정결정계수(Ra2)는 0.67로 분석되었다. 심층신경망을 이용한 비운송 지중구조물의 탄산화 예측 모델결정계수(R2)는 0.82로 나타났으며, 비교대상 모델보다 우수한 예측 성능을 보였다. 심층신경망을 이용한 비운송 지중구조물의 탄산화 예측 모델은 콘크리트 강도에 기초한 것으로, 본 연구의 결과가 노후화 된 전력구 및 공동구에 대한 탄산화 유지보수 최적 시기 결정 및 예방적 유지관리 방법론에 기여되길 기대한다.