• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

조선시대의 세종실록지리지, 신증동국여지승람, 동국여지지, 여지도서, 임원십육지, 대동지지, 증보문헌 비고, 조선일람 등 고문헌을 이용하여 난대성 식물의 시·공간적 분포를 복원하였다. 난대성 식물종의 지리적 분포는 9가지 유형으로, 시계열적 분포는 4가지 유형으로 구분되었다. 조선시대 동안 한 시기라도 가장 넓은 분포를 보인 난대성 식물은 전국의 100곳 이상의 군현에서 출현한 감나무이다. 50곳 이상에서 나타나 넓은 분포역을 나타낸 종은 왕대, 이대, 석류 등이고, 30곳 이상에서 나타난 종은 차, 모시 등이다. 조선시대 난대성 식물의 시·공간적 분포는 자연환경적 요인과 함께 이를 극복하려는 인간의 노력의 결과이다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.18-30
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• 2022

Background: Bees and flowering plants associations were initially began during the early Cretaceous, 120 million years ago. This coexistence has led to a mutual relationship where the plant serves as food and in return, the bee help them their reproduction. Animals pollinate about 75% of food crops worldwide, with bees as the world's primary pollinator. In general, bees rely on flower scents to locate blooming flowers as visual clue is limited and also their host plants from a distance. In this review, an attempt is made to collect some relevant 107 published papers from three scientific databases, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science database, covering the period from 1959 to 2021. Results: Flowering plants are well documented to actively emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, only a few of them are important for eliciting behavioral responses in bees. In this review, fifty-three volatile organic compounds belonging to different class of compounds, mainly terpenoids, benzenoids, and volatile fatty acid derivatives, is compiled here from floral scents that are responsible for eliciting behavioral responses in bees. Bees generally use honest floral signals to locate their host plants with nectar and pollen-rich flowers. Thus, honest signaling mechanism plays a key role in maintaining mutualistic plant-pollinator associations. Conclusions: Considering the fact that floral scents are the primary attractants, understanding and identification of VOCs from floral scent in plant-pollinator networks are crucial to improve crop pollination. Interestingly, current advances in both VOCs scent gene identification and their biosynthetic pathways make it possible to manipulate particular VOCs in plant, and this eventually may lead to increase in crop productivity.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.266-274
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• 2010

본 연구는 토마토의 토양 수분결핍조건에서의 생장과 생리적인 반응을 근본적으로 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 토양에 두가지 수분조건, 심한 수분결핍(-100kPa)과, 대조구인 약한 수분결핍 처리(-25kPa)는 실시간 토양수분함량을 모니터링을 할 수 있는 토양센서와 관수 모듈을 갖춘 micro-irrigation 시스템을 고안, 온실에서 유지되었다. 토양수분함량은 30일동안 변동되었으며, -25kPa로 맞춰진 처리구는 평균 -47kPa, -100kPa 처리구는 평균 -119kPa로 차이를 나타냈다. 이 두 가지 다른 토양수분상태에서 자란 식물체 사이의 생육을 비교해 본 결과 수분결핍상태(-100kPa)에서 자란 식물체가 대조구인 약한 수분결핍(-25kPa) 처리구에 비해 절간수의 차이없이 신장이 유의하게 감소하였으며 건물중의 축적은 더 높게 나타났다. 또한 건물중 당 엽면적의 차이 없이, 엽면적과 엽건중이 수분 결핍이 약한 처리구에 비해 수분결핍이 심한 처리구가 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 생육상의 차이는 심한 수분스트레스가 엽두께의 변화없이 생체중의 증가와 엽면적 확보를 통해 토마토의 수분스트레스에 적응을 야기시킬 수 있음을 제시했다. 수분결핍에 따른 토마토 생육기간동안, 생리적변화를 조사한 결과, -100kPa 처리구에서 자란 토마토가 대조구인 -25kPa 처리구에 비해 엽의 상대수분함량의 증가와 잎의 삼투압이 낮게 나타났다. 이는 수분스트레스아래서 토마토의 더 나은 수분상태를 유지하기 위한 생리적인 적응을 설명해준다. 아울러 심한 수분스트레스는 대조구에 비해 PSII 활성과 수분활용도를 증가되었으며, 낮은 기공저항도를 나타내었다. 처리간의 광합성의 차이는 없었으며, 토마토 과실의 수와 생육량의 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과는 토마토 'Picco'가 엽형태의 변형과 삼투압, 수분활용도와 PSII의 활성을 통해 수분결핍상태에서 적응할 수 있게 만들 능력을 보여준다. 본 연구결과에서 나타난 토마토의 수분스트레스 적응 메커니즘은 토마토의 가뭄저항성 스크린에 있어서 고려되어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.102-118
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to propose an ecological management plan by the comprehensive analysis of biotope structures on Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. Classified by actual vegetation, structure of layer and vegetation damage, biotope structures were composed of forest area, compact management area, herb area, cultivated area and non-ecology(urban) area. Succession had seened to stop in the Native forest. Artifical forest was divided into two types. The first, upper layer, was too dense to accommodate lower layer plants, the other case was the appearance of Quercus spp. and the first stage plants of succession following the declination of the upper layer plants. The soil pH of Nam-san Urban Park was 4.21∼4.51, which meant the soil was becoming acid. As the result of acidity, leaching of available nutrition(K/sup +/, NH₄/sup +/, Ca/sup ++/ etc.) was immediately influenced by the natural ecosystem, influence of acid rain was disturbed to becoming organic matter which was use to plants. In the case of a biotope structure management plan, the urban area was prohibited to spread outside. Cultivated and herb area was regenerated to natural forest. In the forest area, the compact management area was maintained with its present condition, and then it is desirable to make a preservation area and to plant shrubs. Planted Pinus densiflora Community was needed to eliminate competitive species of canopy layer, and plant shrubs. Management of deciduous broad-leaved Comm. was maintained in its present conditionand it is desirable to raise the diversity of the understory and shrub layer. The management of the artifical forest seems to be suitable for Q. spp. community. The care of naturalized plants prevents the expansion and restores the structure of wild plants. The soil management was a marked restoration soil ecosystem in order to prevent soil acid and drying.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2002

This is a fundamental study to develop a sensor to detect weeds in paddy field using machine vision adopted spectralphotometric technique in order to use the sensor to spread herbicide selectively. A set of spectral reflectance data was collected from dry and wet soil and leaves of rice and 6 kinds of weed to select desirable wavelengths to classify soil, rice and weeds. Stepwise variable selection method of discriminant analysis was applied to the data set and wavelengths of 680 and 802 m were selected to distinguish plants (including rice and weeds) from dry and wet soil, respectively. And wavelengths of 580 and 680 nm were selected to classify rice and weeds by the same method. Validity of the wavelengths to distinguish the plants from soil was tested by cross-validation test with built discriminant function to prove that all of soil and plants were classified correctly without any failure. Validity of the wavelengths for classification of rice and weeds was tested by the same method and the test resulted that 98% of rice and 83% of weeds were classified correctly. Feasibility of CCD color camera to detect weeds in paddy field was tested with the spectral reflectance data by the same statistical method as above. Central wavelengths of RGB frame of color camera were tried as tile effective wavelengths to distingush plants from soil and weeds from plants. The trial resulted that 100% and 94% of plants in dry soil and wet soil, respectively, were classified correctly by the central wavelength or R frame only, and 95% of rice and 85% of weeds were classified correctly by the central wavelengths of RGB frames. As a result, it was concluded that CCD color camera has good potential to be used to detect weeds in paddy field.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2011

The plant species reported here are used by traditional healers in Gabon for different ailments such as wounds, malaria, fever, gonorrhea or diarrhea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of 7 plants (Strombosiopsis tetrandra, Tetraberlinia bifoliolata, Dichapetalum barbatum, Guibourtia demeusii, Dacryodes normandii, Manniophytum fulvum, Paropsia grewoides) against different strains of both Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Salmonella. Disc diffusion was first used to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the plants' ethanolic extracts. Then the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the crude extracts of either leaves or stem barks of the 7 plants were determined using broth micro-dilution. The ethanolic plant extracts showed very good activity against both MRSA and Salmonella strains where the MICs ranged from $250\;{\mu}g/ml$ to $1000\;{\mu}g/ml$. The study shows that many of the tested plants used by Gabonese traditional healers have antimicrobial activities and give support to their traditional use.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1987

This study was conducted to find out the fundamentals for proper use of Planting system in the elementary school landscape. For this study, 70 text books were applied to quote the plants, planting situation of 15 elementary schools was surveyed, and 1,464 questionnaires were collected. The resultes and some proposals obtained are summarised as follows ; 1. Total of 177 plant species were quoted over all text books of the elementary school course. Among them, the woody species showed the highest in number with 58 and herbaceous were the next with 30, the other were vegetable of 29, food crops, weeds, industrial ornamentals crops and water plants in order. They were common species in this country and were easy to cultivate except few. 2. 210 species were planted at the 15 elementary schools in Mokpo. It was constituted of 77 of herbaceous species and 133 of woody species but localized Plants were little. The herbaceous plant frequently used were Chrysanthemum morifolium, Targests erecta, Salvia splendens, Petunia hybrida, Cosmos bipinnatus, Celosia cristata, Canna generalis, et. On the other hand in the woody species Juniperus chinensis var. kaizuka, Cerdus deodora, Camellia japonica, and in the shrub Serissa japonica, Thuja orientalis, Euonymus japonica, Buxus mrcrophylla var. koreana etc in order. Almost the same species of woody plants described above were planted in zone of I -IV. Therefore, many problems were found in aspect of aesthetics, and their function and growth. There was much differences in number of species and quantity of plants in each elementary school. However they were not associated with school size, location, and age of schools. Most of elementary schools did not have same the plants as they were represented in text brooks. Therefore, in view of educational purpose it needs to plant more species which quoted in text books.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.466-485
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• 2023

Crop productivity can be obstructed by various biotic and abiotic stresses and thus these stresses are a threat to universal food security. The information on the use of viruses providing efficacy to plants facing growth challenges owing to stress is lacking. The role of induction of pathogen-related genes by microbes is also colossal in drought-endurance acquisition. Studies put forward the importance of viruses as sustainable means for defending plants against dual stress. A fundamental part of research focuses on a positive interplay between viruses and plants. Notably, the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) possess the capacity to safeguard tomato host plants against severe drought conditions. This study aims to explore the combined effects of TYLCV, ToCV, and drought stress on two tomato cultivars, Money Maker (MK, UK) and Shalala (SH, Azerbaijan). The expression of pathogen-related four cellulose synthase gene families (CesA/Csl) which have been implicated in drought and virus resistance based on gene expression analysis, was assessed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The molecular tests revealed significant upregulation of Ces-A2, Csl-D3,2, and Csl-D3,1 genes in TYLCV and ToCV-infected tomato plants. CesA/Csl genes, responsible for biosynthesis within the MK and SH tomato cultivars, play a role in defending against TYLCV and ToCV. Additionally, physiological parameters such as "relative water content," "specific leaf weight," "leaf area," and "dry biomass" were measured in dual-stressed tomatoes. Using these features, it might be possible to cultivate TYLCV-resistant plants during seasons characterized by water scarcity.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1986

Drought occurs most frequently and severely around transplanting season of the rice plants in Korea. Shortage of water due to drought for the paddy fields often delays transplanting, and less often the rice plants are subjected to water stress after delayed transplanting. The present study aimed at quantification of the rice crop loss due to delayed transplanting, different inten3ity of water stress, and the combined effect of delay in transplanting followed by water stress for better use of limited water for irrigation under drought. The rice variety Chucheong, a japonica, and Nampung, an indica x japonica, were grown, transplanted to 1/200 a plastic pots, and subjected to different timing of transplanting and degree of water stress under a rainfall autosersing, sliding clear plastic roof facility with completely randomized arrangement of 5 replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1.Twelve days or 22 days delay in transplanting without water stress reduced rice yield by 25% and 43% in the japonica variety, and by 15% and 60% in the indica x japonica variety. 2.The 10 days or 20 days water stress developed without irrigation after drainage in the rice plants transplanted at proper time lowered the water potential at the paddy soil 10cm deep to -4 bar, and -12 bar and caused rice yield reduction by 14%, and 45% in the japonica variety and by 8%, and 50% in the indica X japonica variety. 3.The 12 days delay in transplanting and 10 days or 20 days water stress reduced rice yield by 39% and 59% in the japonica variety, and by 38% and 52% in the indica x japonica variety. The 22 days delay in transplanting plus 10 days water stress caused yield reduction by 76%, i.e. meaningless yield, in both varieties. 4.The intermittent irrigation just to wet the soil body for 10 days after 10 days water stress without irrigation increased rece yield by 12 to 16% compared to the rice plants water stessed without irrigation continuously for 20 days in both varieties respectively. 5.The above results suggest strongly 1) to transplant the rice plants at proper .time even with some water stress rather than delay for sufficient water from later rainfall, and 2) to distribute insufficient irrigation water to broader area of transplanted rice with limited irrigation for better use of limited irrigation water. A greater sensitivity of japonica variety to a moderate water stress than the indica X japonica variety during initial rooting and tillering stage was noticed. To cope with frequent drought in rice culture, firstly the lasting time of transplanting without yield reduction should be clarified by region and variety, and secondly a scheme of rational distribution of limited water should be developed by region with better knowledge on the varietal distribution of limited water should be developed by region with better knowledge on the varietal responses to varying intensity of water stress.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2018

주남습지에 서식하는 잠자리와 서식 환경과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 2015년 5월과 7월에 20개 조사구를 대상으로 잠자리 종과 개체수를 조사하였다. 환경요인으로는 정수식물 면적, 부유 부엽식물 면적, 수면 면적, 수생식물면적, 교목 피도, 주변 토지이용유형, 향을 조사하여 잠자리 종과 개체수, 다양성지수 등과의 관계 등을 분석하였다. 주남습지에서 확인된 잠자리는 총 6과 21종 757개체였다. 부유 부엽식물 면적과 수면면적은 잠자리군집 다양성에 영향을 주었으며 특히 부유 부엽식물 면적은 종수, 수면면적은 우점도에 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 수면면적은 종다양성지수, 균재도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 주변 토지이용유형 중 밭이나 과수원은 습지지역보다 평균 종수가 낮았으며, 향이나 교목의 피도는 잠자리 군집에 영향을 주지 않았다. 종별로 보면, 등검은실잠자리와 고추잠자리 등은 부유 부엽식물과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 왕실잠자리와 산잠자리는 수면면적과 양의 상관관계였고, 아시아실잠자리와 연분홍실잠자리는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 최근 주남습지는 연군락이 증가하여 식물종과 밀접한 관계를 가진 잠자리 종 구성에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다.