• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the most optimum way of performing the bandal chagi during Taekwondo Kyorugi competition. By analyzing the EMG data and the kinematic data it was hoped that scientific data would be provided to instructors and players about the optimization of the Bandal Chagi. The results of the analysis are as follows: During competition while performing the Bandal Chagi the most important factors that affect the impact point are the range of motions of the upper body hyper extension and knee joints. Through the measurement of the muscles EMG activity of a well performed Bandal Chagi with the right leg it was observed that the left side erector spinae muscle was highly activated and so it was concluded that this muscle should be trained to improve the performance of the Bandal Chagi. Likewise it was observed that for the right side of the abdominal muscle's EMG there was a high activity level and thus showed that there was a large contribution of this muscle for the optimum performance of the Bandal Chagi.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.114-126
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• 1993

The fractures of the cervical spine are relatively uncommon, but they may cause serious neurologic deficits temporarily or permanently. So, it is very important to treat the patients early by way of exact evaluation for the sites and the mechanisms of the injuries. The authors reviewed retrospectively 188 cervical spinal fractures in 100 patients from Sep. 1984 to Aug. 1990. Commonly involved levels were $C_5$ and $C_6$ in lower cervical level and $C_2$ in upper cervical level and the sites in each spine were body, lamina and odontoid process. The hyperflexion injury was the most common type of the cervical spinal fractures occupying 53% of all cervical fractures and cause more multiple fractures(2.26 fractures/patient) than in hyperextension(1.68 fractures/patient). In hyperflexion injuries, body, transverse and spinous process were commonly involved but lamina fracture was relatively common in hyperextension injury. The dislocations associated with fractures were developed most commonly in hyperflexion injury and 70% of these were anterior dislocation and the most commonly involved levels were $C_{5-6}$ and $C_{6-7}$. In conclusion, hyperflexion injury needs more close examination for the entire spinal levels than injuries of other mechanisms because it results in more severe fractures with or without dislocation and relatively frequent multiple fractures in different levels.