• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

Honeybee venom (BV) from Apis mellifera L. has been used as natural antimicrobial compounds in pigs, cows, dairy cattle and chicken farms in Korea. The purpose of this study was conducted to confirm homogeneity and stability of BV dissolved with distilled water or saline solution. Melittin was analyzed with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) for BV to secure the validation of analysis. BV at concentration of 1 mg/mL was dissolved with distilled water or saline solution at room temperature. Homogeneity of BV dissolved with distilled water or saline solution at upper, milddle, and lower layers all satisfied the accuracy and precision criteria. Stability of BV dissolved with distilled water or saline solution for 7 days all satisfied the criterion both light and dark storage condition. BV has satisfied with homogeneity and stability in distilled water or saline solution at room temperature under light or dark condition. The results of this study suggest that BV has a possibility as the substitute of natural antimicrobial agents for the animal drugs and feed additives.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2010

This study was performed in order to determine the relationship between anthocyanin generation and seed coat pigmentation in black soybean. Soybean genotypes were analyzed the individual anthocyanin contents by UPLC, which were sampled at 5-day intervals from the 35th day after flowering. Ilpumgeomjeongkong had begun to accumulate anthocyanin on the seed coat previous 35 days after flowering, and in case Heugcheongkong was 30 days. The seed coat coloration in Ilpumgeomjeongkong run on till the 45th day after flowering, and that of Heugcheongkong was between 55 and 60days after flowering. Cyanidin-3-Glucoside (C3G) was formed the earliest and accumulated the greatest among three anthocyanin pigments existed in black soybean. So we could be concluded that C3G affected on seed coat pigmentation greatly than other pigments. The anthocyanin contents at maturity in Ilpumgeomjeongkong was 4.4 times higher than at beginning stage of anthocyanin formation, while those of Heugcheongkong was 2.5 times.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.64-72
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• 2016

Jakyakgamcho-tang is a well-known traditional herbal medicine and has been used for the treatment of mainly pains in oriental medicine. In this study, analytical method for the quantitative determination of the eleven marker components, gallic acid (1), oxypaeoniflorin (2), paeoniflorin (3), albiflorin (4), liquiritin (5), isoliquiritin (6), ononin (7), liquiritigenin (8), benzoylpaeoniflorin (9), paeonol (10), and glycyrrhizin (11) in Jakyakgamcho-tang decoction was performed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer. The analytical column for separation of the compounds 1~11 was used an UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ ($100{\times}2.1mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) column and column oven temperature was maintained at $45^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) by gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.3 ml/min and injection volume was $2.0{\mu}l$. Correlation coefficient in the calibration curves of the compounds 1~11 were showed a good linearity with more than 0.99. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values of the compounds 1~13 were detected in the ranges 0.06~18.43 ng/ml and 0.18~58.29 ng/ml, respectively. Among the compounds 1~11, the compounds 10 were not detected in this sample, while the ten compounds, 1~9 and 11, were detected $44.05{\sim}19,289.05{\mu}g/g$ in Jakyakgamcho-tang extract.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease, for which there is no effective drug therapy at present. Ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) and G-Rg2 have been reported to alleviate memory deterioration. However, the mechanism of their anti-AD effect has not yet been clearly elucidated. Methods: Ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem MS (UPLC/MS)-based metabolomics was used to identify metabolites that are differentially expressed in the brains of AD mice with or without ginsenoside treatment. The cognitive function of mice and pathological changes in the brain were also assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: The impaired cognitive function and increased hippocampal $A{\beta}$ deposition in AD mice were ameliorated by G-Rg1 and G-Rg2. In addition, a total of 11 potential biomarkers that are associated with the metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), hypoxanthine, and sphingolipids were identified in the brains of AD mice and their levels were partly restored after treatment with G-Rg1 and G-Rg2. G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 treatment influenced the levels of hypoxanthine, dihydrosphingosine, hexadecasphinganine, LPC C 16:0, and LPC C 18:0 in AD mice. Additionally, G-Rg1 treatment also influenced the levels of phytosphingosine, LPC C 13:0, LPC C 15:0, LPC C 18:1, and LPC C 18:3 in AD mice. Conclusion: These results indicate that the improvements in cognitive function and morphological changes produced by G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 treatment are caused by regulation of related brain metabolic pathways. This will extend our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the effects of G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 on AD.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2014

This study was conducted to isolate a compound with anticancer properties from the roots of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. (Umbelliferae), and to evaluate the efficacy of that compound's anticancer activity. The $CHCl_3$ layer was purified via repeated column chromatography and recrystallization. The two compounds isolated from $CHCl_3$ layer were identified via NMR spectroscopic analysis as (10E) 1,10-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,8,9-triol (Comp. I) and anomalin (Comp. II). (10E) 1,10-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,8,9-triol was the first report from the roots of P. japonicum. MTT assays were conducted to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activities of Compounds I and II against the following human cancer cell lines: HeLa, HepG2, SNU-16, and AGS. Comp. I evidenced the most profound cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells ($IC_{50}=6.04{\mu}g/mL$), and Comp. II exhibited the most profound cytotoxic activity against SNU-16 cells ($IC_{50}=18.24{\mu}g/mL$) among the human cancer cell lines tested in this study. However, no significant cell death was observed in the CCD-25Lu human normal lung fibroblast cells. Quantitative analysis using UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) showed that the roots of P. japonicum contained 0.015 (Comp. I) and 1.69 mg/g (Comp. II) of these compounds.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.240-248
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• 2014

Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GJBRH) has been used for treatment of patients with climacteric syndrome. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-MS) method was established for the simultaneous quantification of seven marker compounds in GJBRH extract. In addition, we assessed the antioxidant effects of GJBRH. All analytes were separated by gradient elution using two mobile phases on a UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ column and maintained at $45^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activities of GJBRH were evaluated by measuring free radical scavenging activities on 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The inhibitory effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were evaluated by the formation of thiobarbituric acid relative substances (TBARS) and relative electrophoretic mobility (REM). Regression equations of the seven compounds were acquired with $r^2$ values ${\geq}0.9988$. The amounts of the seven compounds, amygdalin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, coumarin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, and paeonol in GJBRH water extract were 21.71, 2.16, 17.17, 1.97, 0.40, 0.78, and 3.42 mg/g, respectively. The GJBRH showed the radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration required for 50% reduction ($RC_{50}$) against ABTS and DPPH radicals were $54.18{\mu}g/mL$ and $79.53{\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, GJBRH reduced the oxidation properties of LDL induced by $CuSO_4$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.565-574
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• 2021

Background: Saengmaeksan (SMS) is a traditional Korean medicine composed of three herbs, Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, and Liriope platyphylla. SMS is used to treat respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. However, whether SMS exerts antihyperuricemic effects is unknown. Methods: Effects of the SMS extract in water (SMS-W) and 30% ethanol (SMS-E) were studied in a rat model of potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Uric acid concentrations and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities were evaluated in the serum, urine, and hepatic tissue. Using renal histopathology to assess kidney function and uric acid excretion, we investigated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, as well as protein levels of renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), and organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1). The effects of SMS on in vitro XO activity and uric acid uptake were also evaluated. The components of SMS were identified using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Results: SMS-E reduced serum uric acid and creatinine concentrations, and elevated urine uric acid excretion. SMS-E lowered XO activities in both the serum and liver, and downregulated the expression of renal URAT1 and GLUT9 proteins. SMS-E reduced renal inflammation and IL-1b levels in both the serum and kidneys. SMS-E inhibited both in vitro XO activity and urate uptake in URAT1-expressing oocytes. Using UPLC, 25 ginsenosides were identified, all of which were present in higher levels in SMS-E than in SMS-W. Conclusion: SMS-E exhibited antihyperuricemic effects by regulating XO activity and renal urate transporters, providing the first evidence of its applicability in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 2017

Background: Gamisoyosan (GSS) is an herbal formula which has been used to treat women's diseases for several hundred years in Korea. GSS is one of the three most common prescriptions among women and is used to treat menopausal symptoms. Fatty liver disease is also common in postmenopausal women and can precede more severe diseases, such as steatohepatitis. The present study compared the effects of GSS on fatty liver using three different formulae, Dongui-Bogam (KIOM A), Korean Pharmacopeia (KIOM B) and Korean National Health Insurance (KIOM C). Methods: In oleic acid-induced HepG2 fatty liver cells, cellular lipid accumulation, triglycerides and total cholesterol were measured after treatment with three GSS formulae and simvastatin as a positive control. To investigate the phytoestrogen activity of GSS, MCF-7 cells were treated with GSS, and hormone levels were quantified. Also, qualitative analysis was performed with UPLC. Results: All types of GSS decreased cellular lipid accumulation. KIOM A was slightly less effective than the other two GSS formulae. KIOM B and KIOM C decreased cellular triglycerides more effective than simvastatin, but KIOM A did not affect cellular triglycerides. Cellular total cholesterol was decreased by all GSS and simvastatin. GSS showed phytoestrogen activity in MCF-7 cells. From the UPLC analysis data, geniposide, paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin were detected form three GSS formulae. Conclusion: These results suggest that all GSS formulae have a beneficial effect on fatty liver disease during menopause and that differences of formula have no effect on the efficacy of the prescription.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Scutellariae Radix) has been widely used as a dietary ingredient and traditional herbal medicine such as diuretic, hyperlipidemia, antibacterial, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In this study, the isolation of biomarkers or bioactive compounds from complex S. baicalensis extracts represents an essential step for de novo identification and bioactivity assessment. The bioactive fraction consisted of eight compounds which was chromatographed on an analytical high performance liquid chromatography column using two different gradient runs. A simulative replacement of the analytical column with a medium pressure liquid chromatography and open column allowed the determination of gradient profile to allow sufficient separation in the preparative scale. From the optimized method, eight standard compounds have been identified in the fractions. In addition, MS, UV, HRMS detection was provided by ultraperformance liquid chromatographyequadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTof-MS) of all fractions. Therefore, this scale up procedure was successfully applied to a S. baicalensis extract.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 2020

A simple and reliable HPLC method was developed to determine pharmacologically standard marker compounds of Ulmus parvifolia leaves. Standard markers were characterized with neochlorogenic acid (trans-5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-CQA) and chlorogenic acid (trans-3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-CQA) using NMR and UPLC-QTof-MS analysis. A method for qualitative/quantitative analysis of the leaves extracts were evaluated including two compounds by using HPLC. The stability test of 30% ethanolic extracts of the leaves sample and standard markers have been evaluated for six months. However, no significant changes in the content of the marker compounds of each extract was observed during the time of investigation.