• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.463-471
• /
• 2017

최근 애완동물을 키우는 인구가 급격히 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 애완동물 관련 시장이 지속적으로 성장하고 있으며 애완동물 관련 용품의 수요도 증가하고 있다. 애완동물시장 중 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는 애완견시장에는 다양한 애완견용품들이 존재하지만 애완견용품에 관한 디자인가이드라인이 없어 사람의 판단에 의한 무분별한 애완견용품의 디자인이 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 다양한 애완견용품 중 애완견용 모니터링 시스템을 중심으로 애완견용품의 디자인에 대한 가이드라인을 제시하고자 한다. 혼자 남아 있는 애완견을 여행지 등 어떠한 곳에서도 간단하게 스마트폰을 이용하여 모니터링 할 수 있으며, 신호 제어가 가능한 먹이통을 통해 먹이를 줄 수 있는 애완견 모니터링 로봇이다. 본 연구는 기존 IP Camera의 종류 및 기능을 파악하고 애완견의 행태 및 애완견의 신체 특징을 반영하여 애완견용 모니터링 제품으로써 필요한 최소한의 디자인 가이드라인을 제시하였다. 또 디자인 가이드를 적용한 시제품을 제작하여 시제품 작동에 대한 애완견의 행동을 관찰하여 문제점을 파악하였다. 그러나 본 연구는 연구 대상이 애견으로 다양한 애견의 만족도를 판단하기 위한 데이터 확보 및 연구기간의 한계가 있었으며, 더 많은 데이터 확보를 위해 향후 지속적인 관찰과 문제점 개선을 통한 후속 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of light-curing on the immediate and delayed micro-shear bond strength (${\mu}SBS$) between yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics and RelyX Ultimate when using Single Bond Universal (SBU). Materials and Methods: Y-TZP ceramic specimens were ground with #600-grit SiC paper. SBU was applied and RelyX Ultimate was mixed and placed on the Y-TZP surface. The specimens were divided into three groups depending on whether light curing was done after adhesive (SBU) and resin cement application: uncured after adhesive and uncured after resin cement application (UU); uncured after adhesive, but light cured after resin cement (UC); and light cured after adhesive and light cured resin cement (CC). The three groups were further divided depending on the timing of ${\mu}SBS$ testing: immediate at 24 hours (UUI, UCI, CCI) and delayed at 4 weeks (UUD, UCD, CCD). ${\mu}SBS$ was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (P<0.05). The surface of the fractured Y-TZP specimens was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Result: At 24 hours, ${\mu}SBS$ of UUI group ($8.60{\pm}2.06MPa$) was significantly lower than UCI group ($25.71{\pm}4.48MPa$) and CCI group ($29.54{\pm}3.62MPa$) (P<0.05). There was not any significant difference between UCI and CCI group (P>0.05). At 4 weeks, ${\mu}SBS$ of UUD group ($24.43{\pm}2.88MPa$) had significantly increased over time compared to UUI group (P<0.05). The SEM results showed mixed failure in UCI and CCI group, while UUI group showed adhesive failure. Conclusion: Light-curing of universal adhesive before or after application of RelyX Ultimate resin cement significantly improved the immediate ${\mu}SBS$ of resin cement to air-abrasion treated Y-TZP surface. After 4 weeks, the delayed ${\mu}SBS$ of the non-light curing group significantly improved to the level of light-cured groups.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.98-108
• /
• 2006

The climate of urban area is an unstable type with considerable seasonal variation in precipitation wind speed, and temperature and it grows worse. Besides, ozone is a serious air pollutant in most of large cities. So worldwide, some of large cities are investing in forestry options to offset their climate problems, but lack of information has hindered comparisons of urban un cost effectiveness to other options. This research intends to study the economic benefits of tree shading of 19 parking lots in UCD campus. The economic benefits of tree shading are air conditioning savings, air quality, stormwater run-off, and other benefits. Especially, this study focuses how much the economic benefit of parking lot shading has been increased from 1995 to 2003 year by aerophoto. Some data on dimensions of parking lots and the number, size, tree species, and location of trees around each parking lot was inventoried. Two aerophotos(1995,2003) were used in order to analyze the increasement of tree canopy in 19 parking lots for 8 years. However, increasing coverage of trees and managing them for healthy growth would not be sufficient for avoiding adverse impacts by future climate change. Additional measures should be followed such as an increase of energy use efficiency and development of substitute energy. For example, coverage of trees help to save cooling energy by blocking solar radiation reaching parking cars and building structures through shading, and creating cool micro-climates through evapotranspiration. They also reduce heating demand by decreasing air infiltration and heat conduction out of the interior of buildings. Proper arrangement of vegetation over the parking lots can reduce cooling and heating costs. So proper planting design around hard space paving including species selection and location can significantly save cooling and heating energy. And a reduction in car and building's heating and cooling costs results in the reduction in energy demand which causes to emissions of air pollutants. Total increased tree canopy from 1995 to 2003 is $8,470.45m^2$ and the economic benefits is US$ 5,282.10. The economic benefit of one tree has been US$ 7.21 for 8 years. And an annually increased benefit is US$ 0.9 per a tree. If this kind of study is applied to studying the economic benefits of tree canopy in parking lots of Korea, it could result in guidelines of tree planting of parking lots. Because the trees selected for planting in parking lots were not suitable for an environment, the guidelines should contain a recommended list of trees. The guidelines should propose the shading percentage of parking lot when we plan a parking lot and contain the maintenance of trees in order to maximize the economic benefits of tree canopy.