• 생약학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.144-152
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• 1994

The combined effects of Ulmi Cortex and some anti-cancer drugs on the proliferation of HeLa cells, Hep G2 cells and S 180 cells were estimated by MTT calorimetric assay. The n-BuOH fraction(UBF) of Ulmi Cortex inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cell at $10^{-3}\;g/ml$, Hep G2 cell at $10^{-5}\;g/ml$ and S 180 cell at $10^{-3}\;g/ml$. The inhibitory effects of mitomycin C(MMC), cisplatin(CPT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), respectively, on Hep G2 cell was increased by the UBF. The UBF did not influence the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells at concentrations of $10^{-6}$ to $10^{-4}\;g/ml$, but increased the proliferation of T cells at concentrations of $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-4}\;g/ml$. The UBF did not influence the number of leukocyte, and on the thymus weight of mice. The UBF increased the number of total-peritoreal cells of mice. In conclusion, the results suggest that the UBF have anti-cancer activity without the side effect, such as leukopenia and immunosuppresion, and increase the inhibitory activity of the anti-cancer drugs on Hep G2 cells.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1996

The anaerobic landfill leachate treatment can surmount dilution problem of high concentration landfill leachate, collect methane gas as byproduct, and treat low phosphate concentration leachate because of low nutrient salt requirement. The problems of conventional anaerobic treatment that are requirement of large reactor because of low microbial growth rate(HRT=20-30 days) and low volumetric loading rate(VLR=0.5-2.0 kg $COD/m^3\cdot day$) are able to surmount by introduction of high rate anaerobic treatment. In this study, the upflow blanket filter(UBF) which is high rate anaerobic process was applyed to the landfill leachate treatment. The acceptable volumetric loading rate and HRT were 18.23 kg $SCOD/m^3\cdot day$ and 13 hrs. SCOD removal rate was over 90% at VLR 18.23 kg $SCOD/m^3\cdot day$. The methane gas yield was $0.15 lCH_4/g$ SCOD added(at STP) at VLR 18.23 kg $SCOD/m^3\cdot day$. The solids accumulation yield was 0.40 g VSS/g COD removed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2012

본 연구는 한우 번식우와 거세우의 도체형질과 초음파 측정형질의 유전모수를 추정하여 도체형질과 초음파 측정형질 간의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 한우 암소에 있어서 초음파 등지방두께의 유전력은 0.43이었고, 초음파 등심단면적의 유전력은 0.23 그리고 초음파 근내지방도는 0.32이었다. 한편, 한우 암소 도체형질의 유전력은 등지방두께는 0.33, 등심단면적이 0.13 그리고 근내지방도는 0.33으로 분석되었다. 한우 암소에 있어서 초음파 측정 형질 간 유전상관은 초음파 등지방두께: 초음파 등심단면적에서 -0.19, 초음파 등지방두께: 초음파 근내지방도는 -0.61이었고, 초음파 등심단면적: 초음파 근내지방도는 -0.36으로 각 형질 간 부의 유전상관을 보였다. 표현형상관에 있어서는 초음파 등지방두께: 초음파 등심단면적에서 0.03, 초음파 등지방두께: 초음파 근내지방도는 0.13이었고, 초음파 등심단면적: 초음파 근내지방도는 0.26으로 분석되었다. 한우 암소에 있어서 초음파 측정 형질과 실제 도체형질 간 유전상관은 등지방두께 0.97, 등심단면적 0.94 그리고 근내지방도 0.92로 매우 높은 정 (+)의 상관을 나타내었고, 초음파 측정형질과 실제도체형질 간 표현형상관에 있어서도 등지방두께 0.90, 등심단면적 0.86 그리고 근내지방도 0.81로 높은 정 (+)의 상관계수가 추정되었다. 그리고 암소에서 나타나는 이러한 결과는 거세우 자료에서나 암소와 거세우를 통합한 자료에서도 일관되게 나타나고 있다. 본 연구에서 초음파 측정치와 실제 도체에서 측정한 값 들 사이에 유전적으로나 표현형적으로 높은 수준의 정 (+) 상관이 존재하는 본 연구 결과는 육질 개량을 위한 간접 선발의 도구로 초음파 측정 자료를 활용하는 것이 가능할 것이며 한우의 도축 결과를 상당히 정확한 수준으로 예측하는 것이 가능하므로 사양관리 측면에서도 큰 활용 가치가 있을 것으로 판단한다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.61-70
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• 1996

This research aims to find granulation and organic removal of the piggery wastewater with the upflow blanket filter(UBF) reactor. UASB process had the effect of high pH on the granulation phase. But teh effect was decreased after the granule formation. The filter zone of the UBF reactor had the function of GSS and contributed to removing the organic because of its biofilm formation. The removal rates of total COD and soluble COD were 70% ~ 80% and 60 ~ 80% at an influent organic loading range of $2{\sim}17.4kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}d$, respectively. The methane production rate with the organic removal was $0.21{\sim}0.34{\ell}CH_4/gCOD_{rem}$ and the maximum methan production rate was $0.34CH_4{\ell}/gCOD_{rem}$ at the volumetric loading $5kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}d$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2014

Ultrasound measurements of backfat thickness (UBF), longissimus muscle area (ULMA) and marbling score (UMS) and carcass measurements of carcass weight (CW), backfat thickness (BF), longissimus muscle area (LMA), and marbling score (MS) on 7,044 Hanwoo steers were analyzed to estimate genetic parameters. Data from Hanwoo steers that were raised, finished in Hoengseong-gun, Gangwon-do (province) and shipped to slaughter houses during the period from October 2010 to April 2013 were evaluated. Ultrasound measurements were taken at approximately three months before slaughter by an experienced operator using a B-mode real-time ultrasound device (HS-2000, FHK Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with a 3.5 MHz linear probe. Ultrasound scanning was on the left side between 13th rib and the first lumbar vertebrae. All slaughtering processes and carcass evaluations were performed in accordance with the guidelines of beef grading system of Korea. To estimate genetic parameters, multiple trait animal models were applied. Fixed effects included in the models were: the effects of farm, contemporary group effects (year-season at the time of ultrasound scanning in the models for UBF, ULMA, and UMS, and year-season at slaughter in the models for CW, BF, LMA, and MS), the effects of ultrasound technicians as class variables and the effects of the age in days at ultrasound scanning or at slaughtering as linear covariates, respectively for ultrasound and carcass measures. Heritability estimates obtained from our analyses were 0.37 for UBF, 0.13 for ULMA, 0.27 for UMS, 0.44 for CW, 0.33 for BF, 0.36 for LMA and 0.54 MS, respectively. Genetic correlations were strongly positive between corresponding traits of ultrasound and carcass measures. Genetic correlation coefficient between UBF and BF estimate was 0.938, between ULMA and LMA was 0.767 and between UMS and MS was 0.925. These results suggest that ultrasound measurement traits are genetically similar to carcass measurement traits.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2012

본 연구는 한우 거세우의 초음파 진단형질과 도체형질을 이용하여 지역별과 출생년도-계절별 변이 요인의 효과를 규명하고자 실시하였다. 전국의 거세 한우 26,129두의 기록을 이용하여 초음파 진단형질로 등지방두께, 등심단면적 및 근내지방도를 진단하였고, 도체형질로 도체중, 등지방두께, 등심단면적 및 근내지방도를 조사하였다. 거세 한우의 지역별, 출생년도-계절 및 상관관계에 대한 비교분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 지역별 및 출생년도-계절에서 초음파 진단형질과 도체형질 모두 고도의 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.01). 지역별로 보면 경기지역이 도체형질 실측치 중 하나인 등지방두께를 제외한 초음파 진단형질 관측치와 도체형질 실측치에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 초음파 진단형질과 도체형질 간의 차이를 보면 대전의 등지방두께를 제외한 모든 지역에서 도체형질의 실측치가 초음파 진단형질의 관측치보다 약 2~3 mm가 두껍게 나타났다. 등심단면적은 경기, 경남 및 제주를 제외한 모든 지역에서 약 2~7 $cm^2$의 차이가 났으며 그 중 가장 많은 차이가 나타나는 지역은 전남으로 나타났다. 근내지방도는 초음파 진단형질의 관측치와 도체형질의 실측치 차이의 범위가 0.9점에서 2.26점으로 나타났다. 초음파 진단형질과 도체형질에 대한 출생년도-계절 효과에 대해 2009년 봄의 초음파 진단형질인 등지방두께와 등심단면적이 다른 출생년도-계절에 비해 얇고 좁았지만 도체형질에서는 반대로 등지방두께와 등심단면적이 두껍고 넓게 나타났다. 초음파 진단형질과 도체형질 간의 표현형 상관관계를 보면 등지방두께는 0.62, 등심단면적은 0.31 그리고 근내지방도는 0.56으로 다른 문헌과 비교했을 때 상관계수가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 초음파 진단시점과 출하시점간의 기간 차이가 다른 문헌에 비해 길었고, 공시우들의 지역별 그리고 농장별로 사육 방식과 환경요인들에 대한 변이가 컸기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구의 결과는 거세우의 도체 특성의 예측 정확도를 높이고 고급육 생산 효율을 높일 수 있는 초음파 응용기술 개발에 기초자료로 활용 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.196-206
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• 2000

Methanogenesis and denitrification in an upflow sludge baffled filter (UBF) reactor were studied using glucose as a fermentative substrate. Experiments were carried out to investigate how to reduce ammonification by changing alkalinity and $COD/NO_3-N$ ratio. Characteristics of granular sludges were examined by specifics methanogenic activity(SMA) and specific denitrification rate(SDR) tests. Microstructures of granules were examined using a scanning electron microscopy(SEM). It was found that COD was removed efficiently owing to the diverse microorganisms. In nitrate conversion, not only $COD/NO_3-N$ ratio but also influent alkalinity played important role in the ratio of denitrification and ammonification of nitrate. This reactor achieved over 95% COD and 99% nitrate removal efficiencies when influent contained 4000 mgCOD/L and $700mgNO_3-N/L$ at the hydraulic retention time of 24 hours. As $COD/NO_3-N$ ratio decreased, granular methanogenic activities using acetate and butyrate as substrates increased while activities using propionate and glucose decreased. There were three types in granules according to the surface color; gray, yellowish gray, and black. Gray or yellowish gray-colored granules were composed two layers, which were composed of black inner side and gray or yellowish gray surface substances. SEM illustrated that both were rod-type and cocci-type microorganisms resembling Methanothrix sp. and Methanococci sp. This study showed that by controlling the influent alkalinity and $COD/NO_3-N$ ratio, ammonification and denitrification could be manipulated.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1997

This research aims to remove nitrogen in the piggery wastewater by combined process with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and biofilm process. For the effective denitrification. anaerobic and anoxic reactors were connected to a reactor. The effluent of aerobix reactor was recycled equally with influent in the upper filter of anaerobic reactor for denitrification and outlet of UBF reactor was connected to the settling tank with $1.5{\;}{\ell}$ capacity and the settling sludge was repeatedly recycled to UASB zone. The organic loading rate of total reactor was operated from 0.4 to $3.1kgCOD/m^{3}/d$ and it was observed that the removal rate of TCOD was 80 to 95 percentage. Ammonia nitrogen was removed over 90 percentage in the less volumetric loading rate than $0.1{\;}kgN/m^{3}/d$. But because of non-limitation of organic materials, it was reduced to 70 percentage in the more volumetric loading rate than $0.6{\;}kgN/m^{3}/d$. But denitrification rate was observed 100 percentage in the all of loading rate. This is caused by the maintenance of optimum temperature, sufficient carbon source, and competition of electron acceptors. The results of COD mass balance at the $1.21{\;}kgCOD/m^{3}/d$ was observed with the 71.7% percentage of influent COD. It was revealed that the most part of organic materials was removed in the aerobic and the anaerobic reactor because 38.4 percentage was conversed into $CH_{4}$ gas and 11 percentage was removed in the aerobic reactor with cell synthesis and metabolism. Besides, 5.7% organics was used to denitrification reaction and 3.7% organics related to sulfate reduction.