• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.54-61
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• 2014

Objective: This study aimed to propose clinical guidelines for placing miniscrew implants using the results obtained from 3-dimensional analysis of maxillary anterior interdental alveolar bone by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: By using CBCT data from 52 adult patients (17 men and 35 women; mean age, 27.9 years), alveolar bone were measured in 3 regions: between the maxillary central incisors (U1-U1), between the maxillary central incisor and maxillary lateral incisor (U1-U2), and between the maxillary lateral incisor and the canine (U2-U3). Cortical bone thickness, labio-palatal thickness, and interdental root distance were measured at 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm apical to the interdental cementoenamel junction (ICEJ). Results: The cortical bone thickness significantly increased from the U1-U1 region to the U2-U3 region (p < 0.05). The labio-palatal thickness was significantly less in the U1-U1 region (p < 0.05), and the interdental root distance was significantly less in the U1-U2 region (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the interdental root regions U2-U3 and U1-U1 are the best sites for placing miniscrew implants into maxillary anterior alveolar bone.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.91-105
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• 2009

현 정부는 신성장동력의 녹색기술산업 분야에서 첨단그린도시를 선정하여, 향후 많은 지자체 등에서 앞다투어 U-City 건설을 목표로 많은 서비스를 도입할 것으로 예상된다. 그러나, U-City 서비스, 프로세스, 필요한 H/W 등에 대한 표준화는 이루어져 있지 않은 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 U-City 건설에 활용될 수 있는 IT 기반의 U-City 서비스 개발 방법론을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 U-City와 NSD(New Service Development) 방법론들에 대한 문헌연구를 중심으로 U-City Service 개발 방법론 도출을 위한 분석을 하였다. 이러한 U-City 서비스 개발 방법론 연구결과를 통하여 U-City 서비스 도입을 위한 지침서를 제공할 수 있는 토대를 마련할 것이다.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.106-109
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• 2009

u-City 통합운영센터는 u-City 운영의 가장 기본이면서 기존 도시와 u-City를 차별화 하는 중요한 요소이다. 이에 따라 도시통합운영센터에서 효과적으로 제공해야 하는 u-City 서비스 선정을 위한 분류가 마련되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 u-City 도시통합운영센터의 중요 기능인 관제에 해당하는 서비스들을 분류하고 향후 u-City 도시통합운영센터를 구축할 때 관제 관점에서 고려되어야 할 서비스들에 대하여 제언하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2012

This study ultimately aims to suggest directions for development of U-City Competitiveness Index through thorough analyses of U-City competitiveness concepts and previous research in U-City-related index. In an attempt to reach the aforementioned goals, the concept of U-City competitiveness is presented based on existing publications on informatization age, future city, and U-City. Next, insights on the development of U-City Competitiveness Index are provided via analysis of research on indices regarding U-City and future city. Finally, the process of developing UCity Competitiveness Index and cautionary comments for each developmental step has been provided. Based on the research results, U-City competitiveness refers to the ability to respond to demands of residents in a timely manner as well as to manage U-City, ICT, U-City infrastructure, and U-City services that maximizes the efficiency of urban space management. In order for proper assessment of these criteria, development of assessment tools, selection of indices, standardization, allocation of weight per index, and construction of assessment framework are required.

• ALGAE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.253-266
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• 2019

Several species classified to the genus Ulva are primarily responsible for causing green tides all over the world. For almost two decades, green tides have been resulted in numerous ecological problems along the eastern coast of Jeju Island, Korea. In order to characterize the species of Ulva responsible for causing the massive blooms on Jeju Island, we conducted DNA barcoding of tufA and rbcL sequences on 183 specimens of Ulva from eight sites on Jeju Island. The concatenated analysis identified five bloom-forming species: U. australis, U. lactuca, U. laetevirens, U. ohnoi and a novel species, U. pseudo-ohnoi sp. nov. Among them, U. australis, U. lactuca, and U. laetevirens caused to the blooms coming mainly from the substratum. U. ohnoi and U. pseudo-ohnoi sp. nov. were causative the free-floating blooms. Four species, except U. australis, are characterized by marginal teeth. A novel species, U. pseudo-ohnoi sp. nov., is clearly diverged from the U. lactuca, U. laetevirens, and U. ohnoi clade in the concatenated maximum likelihood analysis. Accurate species delimitation will contribute to a management of massive Ulva blooms based on this more comprehensive knowledge.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2004

The purposes for this study was to provide information for developing educational programs for U-turn farmers' based on their needs on rural settlement. Special objectives of the study were; 1) to survey the general characteristics of U-turn farmers including motives. preparation, and education, 2) to investigate problems and difficulties of the U-turn farmers in rural settlement 3) to identify the reasons for success and failure in U-turn filming, and 4) to provide information in developing programs for U-turn farmers. Data for the study were collected from 526 U-turn farmers throughout the country, and after data cleaning, 494 questionnaires were used for data analysis. Based on the results of this study, the following were recommended for further development of U-turn farming programs; 1) to facilitate and expand continuous surveys on the motives. preparation, education and information for U-turn farmers will be neceassary to update the important and current information on U-turn farming. 2) Further examination of the problems and difficulties of U-turn farmers would be necessary to develop appropriate policies and educational programs for U-turn farming. 3) continuous investigations on the reasons for success and failure of U-turn farming would be necessary to develop appropriate apicultural policies. 4) for more effective educational programs for U-turn farmers. selection of educators, institution, curricular and timing etc. Should be carefully designed to meet the practical needs of the U-turn farmers. 5) more research activities should be encouraged to improve program development and implementation of U-turn farming.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2007

A signed 3-partite graph is a 3-partite graph in which each edge is assigned a positive or a negative sign. Let G(U, V, W) be a signed 3-partite graph with $U\;=\;\{u_1,\;u_2,\;{\cdots},\;u_p\},\;V\;=\;\{v_1,\;v_2,\;{\cdots},\;v_q\}\;and\;W\;=\;\{w_1,\;w_2,\;{\cdots},\;w_r\}$. Then, signed degree of $u_i(v_j\;and\;w_k)$ is $sdeg(u_i)\;=\;d_i\;=\;d^+_i\;-\;d^-_i,\;1\;{\leq}\;i\;{\leq}\;p\;(sdeg(v_j)\;=\;e_j\;=\;e^+_j\;-\;e^-_j,\;1\;{\leq}\;j\;{\leq}q$ and $sdeg(w_k)\;=\;f_k\;=\;f^+_k\;-\;f^-_k,\;1\;{\leq}\;k\;{\leq}\;r)$ where $d^+_i(e^+_j\;and\;f^+_k)$ is the number of positive edges incident with $u_i(v_j\;and\;w_k)$ and $d^-_i(e^-_j\;and\;f^-_k)$ is the number of negative edges incident with $u_i(v_j\;and\;w_k)$. The sequences ${\alpha}\;=\;[d_1,\;d_2,\;{\cdots},\;d_p],\;{\beta}\;=\;[e_1,\;e_2,\;{\cdots},\;e_q]$ and ${\gamma}\;=\;[f_1,\;f_2,\;{\cdots},\;f_r]$ are called the signed degree sequences of G(U, V, W). In this paper, we characterize the signed degree sequences of signed 3-partite graphs.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.6
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• pp.305-322
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• 2002

Seit dem Ereignis des Tunnbaus zu Babel. versucht man, Sprachbarriere zu $\"{u}berwinden$. Eine dieser $Bem\"{u}hungen$ hat seit der 60er Jahre zur Anwendung von Computern in der $\"{U}bersetzung gef\"{u}hrt$. Bei der automatischen $\"{U}bersetzung\;\"{u}bernimmt$ der Computer die Aufgabe, Texte von einer $nat\"{u}rlichen$ Sprache in eine andere zu $\"{u}bertragen$. Die vorliegende Arbeit $besch\"{a}ftigt$ sich mit verschiedenen Arten von den sogenannten $\"{U}bersetzungspatterns\;f\"{u}r$ die automatische $\"{U}bersetzung$ Koreanisch­Deutsch. Zu den $\"{U}bersetzungspatterns\;geh\"{o}ren$ u.a. Verbphrasen-Pattern, Nominalphrasen-Pattern und Verbindungspattern. Unter 'Verbphrasen-Pattern' versteht man einen gekoppelten Subkategorisierungsrahmen der Verben zweier Sprachen. 'NominaIphrasen-Pattern' verstehen sich als $\"{U}bersetzungspattern$ der Nominalphrasen. Unter 'Verbindungs-Pattern' werden $\"{U}bersetzungspattern$ von komplexen $S\"{a}tze$ verstanden, wie z.B. Satzkoordinationen und $S\"{a}tze$ mit eingebetten $S\"{a}tzen$. Als Vorteil des Ansatzes $z\"{a}hlen$ u.a. die Wiederverwendbarkeit bzw. das leichte Management der Patterns, die $Beschreibungsm\"{o}glichkeit$ in der lexikalischen Ebene, die Generieung der naturlichen $Ziels\"{a}tze$ und die leichte Verbesserung der $\"{U}bersetzungsqualit\"{a}t$. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten $\"{U}bersetzungspatterns\;k\"{o}nnen$ aIs Hilfsmittel $f\"{u}r$ Deutschunterrichte, Aufsatzhilfesysteme und elektronische Koreanisch-Deutsch $W\"{o}rterb\"{u}cher$ eingesetzt werden.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1067-1070
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• 2008

DuPont Teijin FilmsTM have developed engineered substrates for flexible electronics. Teonex(R) Q65 and Melinex(R) ST506/5004 are biaxially oriented semi-crystalline polyesters. Smooth planarised Teonex(R) Q65 and Melinex(R) ST506/504 emerge as suitable substrate materials for display backplanes and frontplanes. This contribution discusses the impact of applying a planariser coating to these films. Also, the effect of a more controlled finishing process treatment upon film shrinkage and CLTE is presented.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.450-459
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• 2011

Objectives: Biomarkers in urine are important in assessing exposures to environmental or occupational chemicals and for evaluateing renal function by exposure from these chemicals. Spot urine samples are needed to adjust the concentration of these biomarkers for variations in urine dilution. This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of adjusting the urinary concentration of cadmium (uCd) and arsenic (uAs) by specific gravity (SG) and urine creatinine (uCr). Methods: We measured the concentrations of blood cadmium (bCd), uCd, uAs, uCr, SG and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, which is a sensitive marker of tubular damage by low dose Cd exposure, in spot urine samples collected from 536 individuals. The value of uCd, uAs and NAG were adjusted by SG and uCr. Results: The uCr levels were affected by gender (p < 0.01) and muscle mass (p < 0.01), while SG levels were affected by gender (p < 0.05). Unadjusted uCd and uAs were correlated with SG (uCd: r = 0.365, p < 0.01; uAs: r = 0.488, p < 0.01), uCr (uCd: r = 0.399, p < 0.01; uAs: r = 0.484, p < 0.01). uCd and uAs adjusted by SG were still correlated with SG (uCd: r = 0.360, p < 0.01, uAs: r = 0.483, p < 0.01). uCd and uAs adjusted by uCr and modified uCr ($M_{Cr}$) led to a significant negative correlation with uCr (uCd: r = -0.367, p < 0.01; uAs: r = -0.319, p < 0.01) and $M_{Cr}$ (uCd: r = -0.292, p < 0.01; uAs: r = -0.206, p < 0.01). However, uCd and uAs adjusted by conventional SG ($C_{SG}$) were disappeared from these urinary dilution effects (uCd: r = -0.081; uAs: r = 0.077). Conclusions: $C_{SG}$ adjustment appears to be more appropriate for variations in cadmium and arsenic in spot urine.