• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2021

PURPOSE. This study aimed to compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) of interim crowns fabricated using DLP (digital light processing) according to post-curing time. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A virtual stone study die of the upper right first molar was created using a dental laboratory scanner. After designing interim crowns on the virtual study die and saving them as Standard Triangulated Language files, 30 interim crowns were fabricated using a DLP-type 3D printer. Additively manufactured interim crowns were post-cured using three different time conditions-10-minute post-curing interim crown (10-MPCI), 20-minute post-curing interim crown (20-MPCI), and 30-minute post-curing interim crown (30-MPCI) (n = 10 per group). The scan data of the external and intaglio surfaces were overlapped with reference crown data, and trueness was measured using the best-fit alignment method. In the external and intaglio surface groups (n = 45 per group), precision was measured using a combination formula exclusive to scan data (10C2). Significant differences in accuracy (trueness and precision) data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and post hoc analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS. In the 10-MPCI, 20-MPCI, and 30-MPCI groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the accuracy of the external and intaglio surfaces (P<.05). On the external and intaglio surfaces, the root mean square (RMS) values of trueness and precision were the lowest in the 10-MPCI group. CONCLUSION. Interim crowns with 10-minute post-curing showed high accuracy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.341-347
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to introduce a tool for evaluating eye movement and analyze the reliability of measurement based on 10 cases of evaluating the oculomotor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy Methods: The participants were selected by 6 medical and welfare institutions in Busan as GMFCS grade 1-3 among spastic diplegia and hemiplegia. Seven examiners evaluated 3 children for the evaluation of inter-rater agreement of Ocular Motor Score (OMS) and evaluated the condition of the ocular motor of 10 children using OMS, a re-examination was performed at six weeks after the initial examination. SPSS ver.25.0 was used to calculate the interclass correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, Mann Whitney-U test. Results: The inter-rater agreement of OMS was 0.89. Second mean values were decreased compared first examination in motility/ductions/version, saccades and smooth pursuit, but there was no significant difference. Children under 6 years old had a high mean value of saccades in first examination and the motility/ductions/version, fixation, saccades in second examination, but there was no significant difference. Spastic diplegia children's mean values were higher in head posture, fixation in 8 gaze directions than hemiplegia children in both first and second examination, but there were no significant differences. Conclusion: Ocular motor function in 10 children of spastic children who participated in the study and could see that the scores was differed depending on age, type, grade of cerebral palsy. OMS may be available for this purpose.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.136-143
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• 2021

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of repeated use of an implant handpiece under an implant placement torque (35 Ncm) and overloading torque condition (50 Ncm) on an output torque. Materials and Methods. Two types of implant handpiece systems (Surgicpro/X-DSG20L [NSK, Kanuma, Japan] and SIP20/CRB46LN [SAESHIN, Daegu, South Korea]) were used. The output torque was measured using a digital torque gauge. The height and angle (x, y, and z axes) of the digital torque gauge and implant handpiece were adjusted through a jig for passive connection. The experiment was conducted under the setting torque value of 35 Ncm (implant placement torque) and 50 Ncm (overloading torque condition) and 30 times per set; a total of 5 sets were performed (N = 150). For statistical analysis, the difference between the groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Friedman test was used to confirm the change in output torque (α=.05). Results. NSK and SAESHIN implant handpieces showed significant differences in output torque results at the setting torques of 35 Ncm and 50 Ncm (P<.001). The type of implant handpiece and repeated use influenced the output torque (P<.001). Conclusion. There may be a difference between the setting torque and actual output torque due to repeated use, and the implant handpiece should be managed and repaired during long-term use. In addition, for successful implant results in dental clinics, the output torque of the implant handpiece system should be checked before implant placement.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2022

Background: The use of telemedicine for postoperative visits is increasing, especially in rural areas. Few studies have investigated its use for arthroscopic shoulder patients. This study aims to evaluate patient satisfaction with telemedicine for postoperative clinic visits following arthroscopic shoulder procedures in a rural setting. Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled using the following exclusion criteria: <18 years, open procedures, and non-compliance follow-up at 6 weeks postoperatively. All patients completed a 13-question satisfaction survey, while telemedicine patients completed an additional, separate seven-question survey. Patients who switched groups completed a four-question prompt to determine the reasons for switching. Differences between groups were evaluated by either Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The study enrolled 32 patients, with five patients following up by telemedicine and 27 in person. Age and distance from clinic were similar between patients who were assigned to the telemedicine group, completed the telemedicine visit, and opted for in-person visits (all p>0.05). Patient satisfaction did not vary significantly based on care by the surgeon, concerns being addressed, thoroughness of visit, overall clinical assessment at a prior visit, and improvements in pain and physical function (all p>0.05). Among patients who opted out of telemedicine visits, the most common reason was a preference to meet in-person but these patients agreed that telemedicine visits are a good idea. Conclusions: Regardless of type of follow-up, individuals reported similar levels of satisfaction with treatment during the visit and improvements in pain and physical function.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2015

Objectives In this study, the authors evaluated the correlation between levels of serum lipid, homocysteine, and folate with volumes of hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum, and in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) type. Methods The study recruited patients who visited the dementia clinic of Haeundae Paik Hospital in Korea between March 2010 and June 2014. Among those, patients who had taken the neurocognitive test, brain magnetic resonance imaing, tests for serum lipid, homocysteine, folate, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping and diagnosed with aMCI or AD were included for analysis. Bilateral hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala and corpus callosum were selected for region of interest (ROI). The cross-sectional relationships between serum lipid, homocysteine, folate and ROI were assessed by partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results In patients with aMCI, old age (> 80) and APOE ${\varepsilon}4$ carrier were associated with AD [odds ration (OR) : 12.80 ; 95% confidence interval (CI) : 2.25-72.98 and OR : 4.48 ; 95% CI : 1.58-12.67, respectively]. In patients with aMCI or AD, volumes and thickness of ROI were inversely correlated with levels of serum lipid and homocysteine. In multiple linear regression analyses, higher total cholesterol level was related to lower left, right hippocampus volume and left amygdala volume ; higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was related to lower right entorhinal cortex thickness ; higher homocysteine level was related to lower corpus callosum volume. Conclusions Higher serum lipid and homocysteine levels are associated with decreased volume of hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum and entorhinal cortex thickness in patients with aMCI or AD. These findings suggest that serum lipid and homocysteine levels are associated with AD as a modifiable risk factor.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.403-412
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• 2021

Despite strengthening requirements for fire retardancy and applied buildings of insulation panels, the number of fires and influence of damage have increased. In this study, the thermal effects were evaluated as the separation distances, and three types of EPS panel, glass wool panel, and gypsum board panel were then selected. Temperature sensors on the panels were installed vertically from the ground. The fire source on the lamination layer of lumber was ignited by changes in the separation distances (0 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm) from the panels. The test results suggested that the maximum temperature was 349 ℃ in the EPS panel. The inside/outside shape changes were limited by the height of the low and middle positions until the critical point of a 25 cm separation distance. Furthermore, the combustion marks appeared after 500 s on average, and then the EPS panel with a high fire strength showed a broad "U type" pattern, glass wool panel, and gypsum board panel showed medium or narrow "V type" pattern. Therefore, the acquired data can provide valuable information for evaluating the fire risks and verifying fire investigation from buildings composed of these insulation panels.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.639-645
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• 2007

Removable or fixed space maintainer could be needed if one or some anterior primary teeth were missing, where resin pontics well-matched to natural primary teeth should be demanded to get an esthetic satisfaction. Resin Natural $Teeth^{TM}$(Nissin dental, Japan) is available currently in Korea, which consists of two shades of colors; type A1 and A2. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the colors of the anterior primary resin teeth and to establish the data to compare those with the natural anterior primary teeth. CIE $L^*a^*b^*s$ were measured each three times labially from 17 sets of maxillary four anterior teeth for type A1 and A2 Resin Natural $Teeth^{TM}$ using ShadeEye $NCC^{TM}$(Shofu, Japan) which is one of spectrophotometers. The data were analysed statistically using Kruskall-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney U Test. The results were as follows : 1. There were smaller teeth color differences in group A1 than in group A2 when it comes to distributions of ${\Delta}E$, $L^*$ and $b^*$. There were no statistically significant differences of $a^*$ between teeth in the same group(P>0.05). 2. ${\Delta}E$ in group A1 and A2 (maximum ${\Delta}E{\le}1.23$) were very small, which could not be discerned by eyesight. ${\Delta}E$ between mean CIE $L^*a^*b^*s$ of group A1 and A2 was 3.97, which could be discernible by eyesight. 3. Mean measurements of group A1 were $L^*=73.8$, $a^*=-1.8$, $b^*=-4.7$, and those of group A2 were $L^*=75.8$, $a^*=-2.7$, $b^*=-1.4$. It would be recommended that resin teeth compatible to the colors of the natural primary ones needed to be developed by investigating in vivo study.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2008

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275 whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months ($Nov.{\sim}Dec.$ 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by $Evidence_{investigator}\;^{TM}$ (Randox, U.K.) as preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II (lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS. Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines, dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples, just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen, lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 1997

Korean society is a mix of western and traditional cultures. Even though the patients try to recover through both aspects, hospital only utilizes a western approachs. When they have suffered from a chronic disease, especially diabeties meliitus(DM), application of folk medicine is more varied but the nurses are unaware of the practices. This study was done to describe the current use of the folk medicine with which the patients with DM have had an experience and to identify the relationships between the westernized medical care and folk medicine application. The 244 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes millitus who participated were interviewed at a DM education clinic in a 1500-bed hospital. The results of the study are as follows: 1. 54.1%(N=133) of the participated patients in this study have had a folk medicine. 2. 44 kinds of folk medicine were used for the treatment of DM. Among them 14 items were used by more than two people and the rest were used by one person. Among the used items, 70.4% consisted of various types of plants, 11.4% was animal material and 18. 2% was the mixed group. As a single item, Commelina Communis(Dalgaebi) was the most frequently used(62.8%), followed by the root of Rosa rugosa(Haedangwha) 14.3%, and Youngi mushroom 13.6%. 3. In the analysis of the relationships between the general characters of the patients with regular fol1ow-up(F-U), self blood sugar test(BST) and folk medicine usage: 1) The higher the educational back ground patient had, the lower the folk medicine usage was ($X^2$=14.265, P=.003). 2) The more complex their treatment was($X^2$=24. 016. P=.000). and the longer they had suffered from DM($X^2$=75.739, P=.000), the fewer they visited regular F-U. On the other hand, they did self-BST well($X^2$=7.722, P=.021 : $X^2$=14. 775, P=.002) and had more folk medicine($X^2$=33.382, P=.000 ; $X^2$=43.410, P=.000). 3) If they had suffered many symptoms, they had fewer regular F-U ($X^2$=13.192. P=.001). On the other hand, they had more folk medicine($X^2$=6.070, P=.048). 4) The group of family history($X^2$=6.801. P=.009) and the group of DM education experience($X^2$=15.678, P=.000) carried out self BST well. DM education group used more folk medicine($X^2$=8.680, P=.003). In conclusion, DM education should be grouped according to the treatment type and suffering period. Then the management of DM would be effective and the vague application of folk medicine would be decreased.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.888-894
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• 1997

Two hulled and two hull-less barley varieties were investigated for ${\beta}-glucan$ enrichment. Hull-less barleys contained higher levels of total ${\beta}-glucan$ than hulled barleys, and were thus suitable as starting materials for preparing ${\beta}-glucan-rich$ fractions. Particularly, a waxy type (Suweon-291) of hull-less barley was found to have high soluble dietary fiber content containing primarily ${\beta}-glucan$, compared to the other non-waxy barley varieties. ${\beta}-Glucan$ content of barley during pearling process was measured, and the highest value was observed at the pearling yield of approximately $70{\sim}75%$. The pearled barley grains were ground and sieved to yield ${\beta}-Glucan$ enriched fractions containing up to 22% ${\beta}-glucan$. In the meanwhile, whole barley samples were directly milled by $B{\ddot{u}}hler$ mill to produce bran, shorts, break flour and reduction flour. ${\beta}-Glucan$ contents in the bran and shorts from the milled stream were relatively high, and further concentration of ${\beta}-glucan$ could be accomplished by successive sieving of the bran and shorts fractions. Pearled barley and milled stream could be used to prepare barley fractions with ${\beta}-glucan$ concentrations $2.4{\sim}3.1$ times those of the original barley grain. Water solubility of barley ${\beta}-glucan$ from pearled barley and the milled stream was in the range of $40{\sim}81%$.