• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.185.1-185.1
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) 젯 프린팅 시스템을 이용하여 graphene이 올려져 있는 유연성 있는 PET 기판 위에 Ag 용액을 그리드로 간격에 따라 타진하였다. Ag 그리드 간격을 200 um, 300 um, 400 um, 500 um로 증가시켰으며, 이때 UV/Vis spectrometry, four-point probe를 이용하여 전기적, 광학적 특성을 분석하였다. Graphene/Ag-grid 하이브리드 투명전극은 그리드 간격 400 um에서 21Ohm/sq.의 면저항과 550 nm에서 84.08%의 투과도를 확인하였다. 또한, graphene/Ag-grid 하이브리드 투명전극의 기계적 응력에 따른 전기적 안정성을 알아보기 위해 radius에 따른 bending, fatigue test와 twist bending, rolling test를 진행하였다. Fatigue bending은 speed 30 mm/s, outer bending radius 20 mm, inner bending radius 22.5 mm로 bending test를 5000번 진행하였으며, twist bending, rolling test를 각각 10000번 진행하였다. 이 결과를 통해 bending-release cycle 조건에서도 초기저항 대비 5% 이내의 매우 우수한 전기적 안정성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 이러한 graphene/Ag-grid 하이브리드 투명전극의 우수한 특성을 얻음으로써, graphene 박막의 플렉시블 투명전극으로서의 적용가능성을 타진할 수 있었다.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.15 no.9 s.90
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• pp.660-666
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• 2006

This study examined the mechanical properties and bending formability evaluation of spring strip materials(SK5 CSPH, STS 301 CSP-EH, C7701-H). The hardness test and tensile test were performed at room temperature($20^{\circ}C$) for mechanical properties. The U-bending test were carried out at various conditions of punch corner radius(Rp), ratio of punch comer radius/thickness(Rp/t) and ratio of clearance/thickness(Rp/t) and ratio of clearance/thickness(C/t) for bending formability evaluation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2002

$[Ru(bpy)_2(dppz)]^2+$ (bpy=2,2'-bipyfidine, dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) (RuBD), a long-lifetime metal-ligand complex, displays favorable photophysical properties. These include long lifetime, polarized emission, but no significant fluorescence from the complex that is not bound to DNA. To show the usefulness of this luminophore (RuBD) for probing the bending and torsional dynamics of nucleic acids, its intensity and anisotropy decays when intercalated into supercoiled and relaxed pTZ18U plasmids were examined using frequency-domain fluorometry with a blue light-emitting diode (LED) as the modulated light source. The mean lifetimes for the supercoiled plasmids (< $\tau$ >=148 ns) were somewhat shorter than those for the relaxed plasmids (< $\tau$ >=160 ns). This suggests that the relaxed plasmids were shielded more efficiently from water. The anisotropy decay data also showed somewhat shorter slow rotational correlation times for supercoiled plasmids (288 ns) than for the relaxed plasmids (355 ns). The presence of two rotational correlation times suggests that RuBD reveals both the bending and torsional motions of the plasmids. These results indicate that RuBD can be useful for studying both the bending and torsional dynamics of mucleic acids.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.291-292
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• 2009

Refractive index monitoring using U-shaped POF (Plastic optical fiber) in the sugar solution and salt solution were performed. The various bending losses of U-shaped POF due to the environmental refractive index changes of the measurand solution. The loss increases according to the amounts of solute in the solution which causes the refractive index change in the solution.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2018

Recently, U-section decks have been more and more used in metro and light rail bridges as an innovative concept in bridge deck design and a successful alternative to conventional box girders because of their potential advantages. U-section may be viewed as a single vent box girder eliminating the top slab connecting the webs, with the moving vehicles travelling on the lower deck. U-section bridges thus solve many problems like limited vertical clearance underneath the bridge lowest point, besides providing built-in noise barriers. Beam theory in mechanics assumes that plane section remains plane after bending, but it was found that shearing forces produce shear deformations and the plane section does not remain plane. This phenomenon leads to distortion of the cross section. For a box or a U section, this distortion makes the central part of the slab lagging behind those parts closer to the webs and this is known as shear lag effect. A sample real-world double-track U-section metro bridge is modelled in this paper using a commercial finite element analysis program and is analysed under various loading conditions and for different geometric variations. The three-dimensional finite element analysis is used to demonstrate variations in the transverse bending moments in the deck as well as variations in the longitudinal normal stresses induced in the cross section along the U-girder's span thus capturing warping and shear lag effects which are then compared to the stresses calculated using conventional beam theory. This comparison is performed not only to locate the distortion, warping and shear lag effects typically induced in U-section bridges but also to assess the main parameters influencing them the most.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2007

In the present study, tests for U-type steel box girder are performed to observe the effects of W-type and X-type of top lateral bracings on the bending behavior of the U-type steel box girder system. Another objective of the present study is to investigate the adequacy of the currently available design formula. For the structural tests, the test specimen with two third scale of the system constructed in the field was used. In this test, several different spacings are used for the top lateral bracings. The stresses measured from the bending tests are compared with those by the formula proposed by Helwig. An adequate type and the required number of panel for diagonal bracing was obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.443-451
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• 1994

The bending rigidity of yarn is derived in terms of physicil and mechanical characteristics of its constituent fibers and yarns structural parametrs. Theoretical analysis shows that the twist correcti on factor for the bending rigidity of yarn decreases with increase of the ratio of Young's m()dulus to the shear modulus of the constituent fibers. Also, the bending rigidity of yarn decreases as the surface helix angle of yarn increases.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.77-83
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• 2019

AU(A plus U-shaped) composite beam was developed for reducing the story height in the residential buildings, and saving the cosrtuction cost of floor structures. Structural performance and economic feasibility of the composite beam have been sufficiently approved through the structural experiments and the analytical studies. Fire safety for the practical application of the composite beam has also been verified through the fire resistance tests and the heat transfer analyses. In this study 2-points bending tests were performed on the four specimens already tested for fire resistance to evaluate the residual bending strength of AU composite beam after fire accident. The same bending test was performed on the one fresh specimen having the same section and span of the specimens for practically comparative study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.35-40
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• 2001

The exact solution of strength of reinforced concrete RC columns subjected to axial compression combined with biaxial bending needs trial and adjustment procedure to find the depth and inclination of the neutral axis. Thus, approximate methods of analysis and design for biaxial bending are used in practice. Load contour interprets the relation of biaxial bending and equivalent uniaxial bending by u factor which is related to material properties and column shapes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of high strength RC columns subjected to the combined axial compression and biaxial bending. Fifteen test specimens with dimensions of 200mm$\times$200mm and 4-Dl3 longitudinal steel were examined. The variable of the test is compressive strength of concrete (350, 585, 650kgf/$cm^{2}$), compression load ratio (0.2$P_{o}}$, 0.35$P_{o}}$, 0.5$P_{o}}$), and inclination of loading ($\theta$=0, 22.5, $45^{\circ}$). Test results of coefficient $\alpha$ depending on the compressive strength of concrete are compared with ACI code.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 1994

Press formabilities of aluminum sheets for automobile body were investigated. Plane strain stretching test (called RIST-PSST), cupping test and U bending test were performed to assess the press formability of aluminum sheets respectively. The results showed that aluminum sheets are generally inferior to cold-rolled steel sheet of deep drawing quality (CSP3N) in press formability. The limiting punch height (LPH) and limiting plane strain (FLCo) of aluminum sheets are 50%-70% level compared to that of CSP3N. Moreover, the limiting drawing ratios(LDR) of aluminum sheets are ranged between 1.95 and 2.1. The poor press formability of aluminum sheets is responsible for low values of total elongation and plastic anisotropy parameter in tensile characteristic. The shape fixability of aluminum sheets evaluated in U bending test is very poor due to its low elastic modulus compared to CSP3N.