• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of aging and various risk factors on the oral environment and to analyze them in 3-dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 800 patients were enrolled in this study, and subjects were divided into 4 groups by age-under 55, 56 - 65, 66 - 75, and over 76. Based on their most recent visit, the number of crowns, bridges, implants, and the remaining natural teeth were recorded. Smoking habits, along with presence of diabetes and hypertension, were surveyed, as risk factors were also set as a variable. Comparisons among the groups or within the groups were performed by independent t-test, and one-way and two-way ANOVA. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis. It was assumed to be statistically significant when P value is below .05. RESULTS. Changes in the number of crowns, bridges, implants, and the remaining natural teeth by age were statistically significant. When we examined the effect of risk factors on the change of variables with age, hypertension was found to affect the number of bridges. Diabetes and smoking were found to affect the number of the remaining natural teeth. The other variables were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION. Aging is considered to be an important variable affecting the change of oral environment. Among the risk factors, the presence of smoking habit and diabetes is thought to have a great influence on the change of the number of the remaining natural teeth.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) which are fabricated using carbon based electrodes have been emerging at an alarming rate to fulfill the energy demand in the present day world. Activated charcoal has been accepted as a very suitable candidate for electrodes but its cost is higher than natural graphite. Present study is about fabrication of EDLCs using composite electrodes with activated charcoal and Sri Lankan natural graphite as well as a gel polymer electrolyte which is identified as a suitable substitute for liquid electrolytes. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry and Galvanostatic Charge Discharge test were done to evaluate the performance of the fabricated EDLCs. Amount of activated charcoal and natural graphite plays a noticeable role on the capacity. 50 graphite : 40 AC : 10 PVdF showed the optimum single electrode specific capacity value of 15 F/g. Capacity is determined by the cycling rate as well as the potential window within which cycling is being done. Continuous cycling resulted an average single electrode specific capacity variation of 48 F/g - 16 F/g. Capacity fading was higher at the beginning. Later, it dropped noticeably. Initial discharge capacity drop under Galvanostatic Charge Discharge test was slightly fast but reached near stable upon continuous charge discharge process. It can be concluded that initially some agitation is required to reach the maturity. However, the results can be considered as encouraging to initiate studies on EDLCs using Sri Lankan natural graphite.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.715-718
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• 2014

현재 국내 농업은 많은 발전을 이루었지만 지구 온난화 등으로 발생하는 재난 재해 극복, FTA 등으로 인한 수입 농산물 극복, 미국 유럽 등의 선진국 중심의 과학화된 실용화 기술에 대한 대처 등 농업을 주체로 하는 다양한 산업에서 국제 경쟁력을 확보하기 위한 노력이 지속되어야 할 분야이다. 한편 국내 ICT 기술은 세계 최고 수준임으로 기존의 농업기술에 정보화기술, 자동제어 기술 등 IT 고유의 기술을 융합시켜 농업의 생산 유통 소비 전 과정에 걸쳐 생산성향상, 효율성 증대, 품질향상 등과 같은 고부가가치를 창출 방안 모색이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 국내 농업의 현황, 농업-ICT 융합 도입 및 기술 현황, 표준화 동향 등을 분석하여 우리나라가 선도할 농업-ICT 융합 기술 분야를 도출하고 향후 표준화 및 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.18.1-18.9
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• 2019

Objective: This study evaluated the presence of residual root canal filling material after retreatment using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: Extracted human teeth (single- and double-rooted, n = 21/each; C-shaped, n = 15) were prepared with ProFile and randomly assigned to three subgroups for obturation with gutta-percha and three different sealers (EndoSeal MTA, EndoSequence BC sealer, and AH Plus). After 10 days, the filling material was removed and the root canals were instrumented one size up from the previous master apical file size. The teeth were scanned using micro-CT before and after retreatment. The percentage of remaining filling material after retreatment was calculated at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni post hoc correction. Results: The tested sealers showed no significant differences in the percentage of remaining filling material in single- and double-rooted teeth, although EndoSeal MTA showed the highest value in C-shaped roots (p < 0.05). The percentage of remaining filling material of AH Plus and EndoSeal MTA was significantly higher in C-shaped roots than in single- or double-roots (p < 0.05), while that of BC sealer was similar across all root types. EndoSeal MTA showed the highest values at the apical thirds of single- and double-roots (p < 0.05); otherwise, no significant differences were observed among the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, a large amount of EndoSeal MTA remained after retreatment, especially in C-shaped root canals.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using a Polarus humeral nail for treatment of a humeral shaft fracture according to fracture types. Methods: From 43 patients, 13 were excluded and 30 patients were included. The 30 patients were divided into 2 groups: 15 in group I (Orthopaedic Trauma Association/Arbeitsgemeinschaft $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Osteosynthesefragen classification type A and B) and 15 in group II (type C). The mean age was 63.1 years (range, 20-87 years), and mean follow-up period was 2.3 years (range, 1.0-6.1 years). The causes of injuries were as follows: 12, traffic accidents; 14, simple slips; 2, simple falls; 2, contusions after lower energy trauma. Radiological and clinical evaluations were performed. Results: Radiological union was confirmed by plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs on average of 5.0 months in group I, and 8.4 months in group II, respectively. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). The clinical union value was 1.6 in group I, and 2.0 months in group II, but these values did not differ significantly (p=0.441). The mean Korean shoulder scoring system scores were 89.7 and 90.6, which did not differ significantly (p=0.352). Conclusions: Intramedullary nailing using the Polarus humeral nail is considered to be a good treatment modality for all types of humeral shaft fractures. Additionally, the Polarus humeral nail can be an optimal choice for the treatment of complex type fractures such as segmental or comminuted humeral shaft fractures.

• BLOOD RESEARCH
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2018

Background Iron overload is a risk factor affecting all patients with thalassemia intermedia (TI). We aimed to determine whether there is a relationship of serum ferritin (SF) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with liver iron concentration (LIC) determined by R2 magnetic resonance imaging (R2-MRI), to estimate the most relevant degree of iron overload and best time to chelate in patients with TI. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 119 patients with TI (mean age years) were randomly selected and compared with 120 patients who had a diagnosis of thalassemia major (TM). Correlations of LIC, as determined by R2-MRI, with SF and ALT levels, were assessed in all participants. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results SF and LIC levels were lower in patients with TI than in those with TM; only ferritin values were significant. We found a statistically significant relationship between SF and LIC, with cut-off estimates of SF in patients with TI who had splenectomy and those who entered puberty spontaneously (916 and 940 ng/mL, respectively) with LIC >5 mg Fe/g dry weight (P<0.0001). A significant relationship was also found for patients with TI who had elevated ALT level (63.5 U/L), of 3.15 times the upper normal laboratory limit, using a cut-off for LIC ${\geq}5mg\;Fe/g\;dry\;weight$. Conclusion We determined the cut-off values for ALT and SF indicating the best time to start iron chelation therapy in patients with TI, and found significant correlations among iron overload, SF, and ALT.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to introduce a tool for evaluating eye movement and analyze the reliability of measurement based on 10 cases of evaluating the oculomotor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy Methods: The participants were selected by 6 medical and welfare institutions in Busan as GMFCS grade 1-3 among spastic diplegia and hemiplegia. Seven examiners evaluated 3 children for the evaluation of inter-rater agreement of Ocular Motor Score (OMS) and evaluated the condition of the ocular motor of 10 children using OMS, a re-examination was performed at six weeks after the initial examination. SPSS ver.25.0 was used to calculate the interclass correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, Mann Whitney-U test. Results: The inter-rater agreement of OMS was 0.89. Second mean values were decreased compared first examination in motility/ductions/version, saccades and smooth pursuit, but there was no significant difference. Children under 6 years old had a high mean value of saccades in first examination and the motility/ductions/version, fixation, saccades in second examination, but there was no significant difference. Spastic diplegia children's mean values were higher in head posture, fixation in 8 gaze directions than hemiplegia children in both first and second examination, but there were no significant differences. Conclusion: Ocular motor function in 10 children of spastic children who participated in the study and could see that the scores was differed depending on age, type, grade of cerebral palsy. OMS may be available for this purpose.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2021

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of repeated use of an implant handpiece under an implant placement torque (35 Ncm) and overloading torque condition (50 Ncm) on an output torque. Materials and Methods. Two types of implant handpiece systems (Surgicpro/X-DSG20L [NSK, Kanuma, Japan] and SIP20/CRB46LN [SAESHIN, Daegu, South Korea]) were used. The output torque was measured using a digital torque gauge. The height and angle (x, y, and z axes) of the digital torque gauge and implant handpiece were adjusted through a jig for passive connection. The experiment was conducted under the setting torque value of 35 Ncm (implant placement torque) and 50 Ncm (overloading torque condition) and 30 times per set; a total of 5 sets were performed (N = 150). For statistical analysis, the difference between the groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Friedman test was used to confirm the change in output torque (α=.05). Results. NSK and SAESHIN implant handpieces showed significant differences in output torque results at the setting torques of 35 Ncm and 50 Ncm (P<.001). The type of implant handpiece and repeated use influenced the output torque (P<.001). Conclusion. There may be a difference between the setting torque and actual output torque due to repeated use, and the implant handpiece should be managed and repaired during long-term use. In addition, for successful implant results in dental clinics, the output torque of the implant handpiece system should be checked before implant placement.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2020

In this study, we analyzed space heating and domestic hot water(DHW) charges from 2017 to 2018 for 151,206 households in 202 apartment complexes built from 1997 to 2016, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of Korea's insulation standards reinforcement. The applied insulation standards were revised three times(in 1987, 2001 and 2010). We used the Anderson-Darling test to review the normality of the space heating and DHW charges. As a result, each p-value was greater than 0.05 and it followed the normal distribution. The annual average space heating charges per unit area of apartments with the 1987 insulation standards were 5,237￦/㎡a in 2017 and 5,328￦/㎡a in 2018. The heating charges with the 2001 standards were 4,827￦/㎡a in 2017 and 4,817￦/㎡a in 2018. Compared to previous standards(1987 standards), heating charges decreased by 7.8% and 9.6%. Also the heating charges with the 2010 standards were 3,683￦/㎡a in 2017 and 3,734￦/㎡a in 2018. Compared to previous standards(2001 standards), heating charges decreased by 24.3% and 21.5%. On the other hand, compared to each previous standards, DHW charges were decreased by 12.2%, 13.6% or increased by 4.6%, 6.9%, which means there's no correlation between insulation standards reinforcement and DHW charges.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Since the birth of animation, the United States has created many classic characters. For example, Mickey Mouse and Minnie, Tom and Jerry, Lion King, and Nemo, which are imaged with animal images, include Snow White, Bell, Mulan, and Aladdin. In addition, there are villain characters designed with strong personality and personality design, such as Snow White's stepmother Grimheel, Ursula, Bad Girl Crew El Radville, Scar, Captain Hook, and so on. These animation characters have been remembered for a long time with stories in people's minds, and have also brought laughter and emotion to people all over the world, which has brought a lot of business value to animation companies. Recently, the villain of American animation works is becoming more and more suited to the taste of the audience. The villain is not a symbolic image of the brutality we have seen before. They are not only visual images with rich and diverse personalities, but are also designed to suit the tastes of the public with a multifaceted inconsistency. They appear as ordinary people in our lives in works, or as powerful people who are not realistic. The villain characters designed in this way are real human miniatures appearing in the relationships in our lives, and they cannot judge good or bad only by their appearance. Through the study of villains in American animation, many villains in American animation were summed up, and villains could be classified into three types: brutal, violent, and sneaky. Based on this, it was possible to analyze the appearance and attire of the villain character in American animation, and to create a vivid and popular image of the villain, it was found that the character of the character should be emphasized when constructing the shape and costume of the villain character. In conclusion, the attractive formation of villain characters is an important part for successful animation. The production of vivid and long-lasting villain characters must begin with detailed settings such as personality, shape, and dress from the planning stage, which is not only the intention of the producer, but also a reflection of the aesthetic psychology that society should pay attention to today.