• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.187-199
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• 2016

In order to delineate the soft ground distribution, an integrated geostatistical analysis was performed using the MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave) which has the information of overall region and CPTu (Piezo Cone Penetration Test) which provides the direct information of the measuring point of the ground. MASW results were known to have close relationship with the ground stiffness. This correlation was confirmed through the comparison of MASW data obtained from two survey lines to the laboratory test with extracted soil samples. 3D physical property distribution in the study area was acquired by geostatistical integrated analysis with the data of tip resistance ($q_c$) and pore pressure (u) from the CPTu obtained at 6 points within the study area. The integrated analysis was conducted by applying the COSGSIM (Sequential Gaussian Co-Simulation) technology which can carry out the simulation in accordance with the spatial correlation between the MASW results and both tip resistance and pore pressure. Besides the locations of CPTu, borehole investigations were also conducted at two different positions. As a result, the N value of SPT and borehole log could be secured, so these data were used for the analysis of the geotechnical engineering accuracy of the integrated analysis result. For the verification of reliability of the 3D distribution of tip resistance and pore pressure secured through integrated analysis, the geotechnical information gained from the two drilling areas was compared, and the result showed extremely high correlation.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-98
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to overcome the limitations of existing studies, which linearly determine the precedence factors of competency in overseas subsidiaries. The research objectives are as follows. First, what kind of nonlinear effects does the level of control held by Korean headquarters over foreign subsidiaries have in terms of competency in the subsidiaries? Second, what kind of nonlinear effects do the local experiences of overseas subsidiaries have on their competency? Design/methodology - With data on Korean multinational corporations (MNCs), this paper analyzes the effects of control levels of headquarters (HQs) and host-country experiences of foreign subsidiaries regarding competency in overseas subsidiaries. In particular, this study focuses on nonlinear models, differentiating it from previous studies. In order to examine research hypotheses, this study conducted a survey of overseas subsidiaries of Korean corporations. Surveys were conducted through various methods including e-mail, online questionnaires, fax, and telephone calls. Copies of the questionnaire were distributed to a total of 2,246 overseas subsidiaries, and 409 completed responses were collected. Excluding 15 copies that were insufficiently answered, responses from a total of 394 copies were used for analysis. Findings - This study presents the following results. First, there is a U-shaped relationship between levels of HQ control and competency in foreign subsidiaries. This means that higher levels of HQ control negatively impact the competency levels of subsidiaries because strict control undermines autonomy in subsidiaries. However, if the level of HQ control exceeds a certain point, then the transfer of knowledge between HQs and subsidiaries is facilitated. Knowledge transferred from HQs can be used as prior knowledge by foreign subsidiaries to the benefit of all parties. Accordingly, knowledge transfer negates the negative effects of excessive HQ control and positively affects competency in subsidiaries. Second, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the local (host-country) experiences of subsidiaries and competency in foreign subsidiaries. This means that foreign subsidiaries can overcome the liabilities of foreignness and contribute to capability building by accumulating unique knowledge about their host countries. However, if local experiences accumulate excessively beyond a certain point, then the host country-specific experiences of foreign subsidiaries will offset the benefits discussed above. Excessive local experiences not only increase organizational inertia, but also create a problem of goal incongruence due to information asymmetry between HQs and subsidiaries. Therefore, excessive local experiences have negative effects on competency in foreign subsidiaries. Originality/value - This study suggests the following implications. First, unlike existing studies based mainly on linear models, this study presents important theoretical implications in its focus on nonlinear models and its analysis of the effects of HQ control and local experiences on competency in foreign subsidiaries from perspectives of organizational learning theory and agency theory. Second, in terms of practical implications, the results of this study suggest that optimally raising levels of HQ control and managing the local experiences of subsidiaries without increasing organizational inertia is important for enhancing competency in foreign subsidiaries.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.43-55
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fidget spinner training on the hand function and handwriting legibility of lower grade elementary school studens. Methods : This study randomly assigned a study group of 12 children and control group of 12 children from 24 children in grade 1 and 2 (ages 7 through 8), whose are dominantly right handed. The study used was a pre-post process. The intervention was conducted only on the study group twice a week for 5 weeks and for 40 minutes per session, for a total of ten sessions. The measuring instruments used to compare the hand functions and handwriting legibility were the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Grip Strength Test, and Legibility Test. The data analysis used a Wilcoxon signed rank, Mann-Whitney U and Chi-Square cross analysis. Results : The fidget spinner training showed significant improvement in the study group's hand function(grip strength and handwriting legibility) and a significant difference was shown between the control and study groups. Conclusion : This study confirmed the value and utility of a fidget spinner as a tool for improving the hand function and handwriting legibility of elementary school students in lower grades. Future studies are expected to verify the effectiveness of the fidget spinner training based on the present study.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant effect and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of white beech mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) extracts. The white beech mushroom was extracted into hot water and methanol. Total polyphenol content was highest in the hot water extract ($8.4{\pm}3.27mg\;GAE/g$) compared to the methanol extract ($7.3{\pm}2.85mg\;GAE/g$). The flavonoids contents in hot water and methanol extracts were $3.8{\pm}3.81ug/mg$ and $2.5{\pm}1.95ug/mg$, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of extract was increased in a dose dependent manner and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of extract (hot water extract, 69.72%; methanol extract, 52.67% at 40 mg/ml) was lower than those of positive control 2% arbutin (96%). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the hot water and methanol extract was 80% and 74%, respectively. Hot water extract ($63.34{\pm}1.00uM\;TE/g$) were more effective in ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value than methanol extract ($46.33{\pm}0.48uM\;TE/g$). The toxicity of hot water and methanol extracts was investigated using WST-1 (4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulphonate) assay on the B16BL6 melanoma cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.763-769
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• 2018

In this research, in order to improve the heat retention of greenhouse, comparative analysis of the heat flux of the marketed multi-later insulating curtain was carried out. Experiments is conducted by fabricating a test apparatus for investigating the heat flux characteristics. The multi-later insulating curtain used for the experiment was compared using the P, N, S, U and T company, which are commercially available, and the heat flux due to temperature difference between the experimental apparatus and the outside was compared and analyzed. When the internal temperature of the experimental result is the maximum temperature $60^{\circ}C$, the heat flux of multi-later insulating curtain is T Co.($73.1W/m^2$) > S Co.($119.5W/m^2$) > U Co.($155W/m^2$) > N Co.($163.1W/m^2$) > P Co.($177.7W/m^2$). The heat flux means the quantity of heat passing through the unit time per unit area, and the higher the numerical value, the higher the quantity of heat passing through the multi-layer insulating curtain. This can be determined that high heat fluxes produce low heat resistance. Further, it has been found that the weight of the insulating curtain is largely unrelated to the heat insulating property, and the heat insulating curtain having a thickness containing a high internal air layer is excellent in the heat insulating property. In the future when manufacturing a heat insulating curtain, It is judged that it is desirable to manufacture a combination of heat insulating materials that contain a high internal air layer content and that can maintain the air layer even for long-term use while minimizing the volume.

• Korean small business review
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.165-186
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• 2021

Startups are undergoing a change throughout the growth process of startups that appear in existing studies as they move away from the existing B2B or B2C frame and expand their target customer groups to O2O, C2C. In this regard, a new type of startup known as unicorns, a unicorn which has grown rapidly in a short period of time, is being created by successfully attracting government support and external investment in recognition of the potential value of the startup. This study examined the relationship between investment attraction and growth after founding for five representative unicorns in the U.S. and Korea. As a result, it was found that private investment in Korea is passive and defensive, and is attracted after the Series A stage, compared to the U.S., where the growth potential of the startup ecosystem is positively evaluated. In addition, it found that government's support policy throughout the startup's growth process is an abstract and comprehensive policy focusing on initial funding for startups. Therefore, it was suggested that the scope of government policies should be expanded to forster startups as unicorns, and that it is necessary to establish and implement differentiated support policies for each growth of the scale-up of startups. This study is significant in that it presented the criteria for the growth stage and support of startups as well as policy support for scale-up through practical case analysis of unicorns.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe a methodological procedure to quantify the heat production (HP) partitioning in basal metabolism or fasting heat production (FHP), heat production due to physical activity (HPA), and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) in roosters. Methods: Eighteen 54-wk-old Hy Line Brown roosters (2.916±0.15 kg) were allocated in an open-circuit chamber of respirometry for O₂ consumption (VO₂), CO₂ production (VCO₂), and physical activity (PA) measurements, under environmental comfort conditions, following the protocol: adaptation (3 d), ad libitum feeding (1 d), and fasting conditions (1 d). The Brouwer equation was used to calculate the HP from VO₂ and VCO₂. The plateau-FHP (parameter L) was estimated through the broken line model: HP = U×(R-t)×I+L; I = 1 if t<R or I = 0 if t>R; Where the broken-point (R) was assigned as the time (t) that defined the difference between a short and long fasting period, I is conditional, and U is the decreasing rate after the feed was withdrawn. The HP components description was characterized by three events: ad libitum feeding and short and long fasting periods. Linear regression was adjusted between physical activity (PA) and HP to determine the HPA and to estimate the standardized FHP (st-FHP) as the intercept of PA = 0. Results: The time when plateau-FHP was reached at 11.7 h after withdrawal feed, with a mean value of 386 kJ/kg^0.75/d, differing in 32 kJ from st-FHP (354 kJ/kg^0.75/d). The slope of HP per unit of PA was 4.52 kJ/mV. The total HP in roosters partitioned into the st-FHP, termal effect of feeding (TEF), and HPA was 56.6%, 25.7%, and 17.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The FHP represents the largest fraction of energy expenditure in roosters, followed by the TEF. Furthermore, the PA increased the variation of HP measurements.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 2023

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximal contact with a dental floss compared to a celluloid strip and a metal strip in normal dental arch and investigate what the most effective method for measuring is. Materials and methods. The subjects of this study was consisted with 20 healthy adults (10 males and 10 females) who had normal dentition. A dentist with more than 5 years of clinical experience evaluated the proximal contacts using a dental floss method, a celluloid strip method, and a metal strip method. Statistical analysis were performed by the use of Mann-Whitney U test. A P-value < .05 was considered statistically significant in all analysis. In addition, in the evaluation of proximal contact using a dental floss, the measurement of proximal contact using a celluloid strip and a metal strip was compared. Results. 80 % of all proximal contact was proper. Proper proximal contact was observed at the posterior area compared to the anterior area (P < .05). And male had proper proximal contact at the anterior area, female had proper proximal contact at the posterior area (P < .05). The consistency analysis between the results of the celluloid strip and the metal strip experiment on the results obtained from the floss using the consistency scale Kappa index shows that using celluloid strip is more advantageous than using the metal strip. Conclusion. Only 80% of all proximal contact was proper. Using celluloid strips with various thickness for evaluating of proximal contact is considered to be helpful for accurate measuring of proximal contact.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.23-45
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the relationship between institutional distance and FDI and focuses on China's outward FDI. The institutional distance between China and the host country is measured using the institutional quality published by the World Bank. This study collects panel data from 50 countries in which China invested from 2008 to 2019 and use the panel GLS methodology to examine the factors affecting outward FDI through three models. First, this study examines the impact of the absolute value of institutional distance on China's OFDI across all countries in which China invests. Second, this study divides countries with positive and negative institutional distance to China into two groups and examine the relationship between institutional distance and OFDI in each group. Finally, this study examines the non-linear relationship between institutional distance and OFDI from China. To test this, this study adds the squared term of institutional distance to the model. The results of the analysis are as follows Institutional distance is positively related to China's OFDI. The relationship between institutional distance and OFDI is inverted U-shaped in the group of host countries with relatively higher institutional quality than China, but positive in the group of low-quality host countries. In addition, China's OFDI is affected by a combination of institutional and economic factors. The results of this study have implications not only for FDI host countries but also for MNCs' choice of FDI destinations.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.867-873
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• 2023

In this study, for the purpose of standardized quality control of a cold medicine, we simultaneous analyzed four main chemical components of a cold medicine: acetaminophen, caffeine, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben. The sample was subjected to quantitative analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), after pretreatment of four components. The experiment was carried out by using Isocratic elution at wavelength of 270nm. Acetonitrile and water (H₂O) were used as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min in a commercial C18 reversed-phase column. A volume of 10uL cold medicine were injected into the column with column oven temperature at 35℃. As a result of the experiment, the values of Resolution were 4.983, 1.596, 5.519, and 1.678 respectively-well over Rs >1.5, which indicates that the separation of four components were efficient. In addition, value of symmetry factor of the components was 1.056, 1.069, 1.032, and 1.133 respectively, to show its symmetrical stability. The calibration curve of all four components exhibits good linearity with R² >0.9995 to 0.9999. Furthermore, the limit of detection(LOD) were between 0.0118 to 1.5973 mg/mL, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) were between 0.0353 to 4.7919 ㎍/mL with the recovery rate of 79.6% ~ 120.5%. The results of this study showed an efficient quality evaluation of a simultaneous analysis method for cold medicine components.