• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 2000

Medicinal plants with synergistic effects on growth inhibition of canter cells under oxidative stress were screened in this study. Methanol extracts from 51 natural medicinal plants which were reported to have anticancer effort on hepatoma stomach cancer or colon cancers which are frequently found in Korean, were prepared and screened for their synergistic activity on growth inhibition of cancer cells under chemically-induced oxidative stress by using MTT assay. Twenty seven samples showed synergistic activity on the growth inhibition in various extent under chemically-induced oxidative stress. Among those samples, eleven samples such as Melia azedarach, Agastache rugosa, Catalpa ovata, Prunus persica, Sinomenium acutum Pulsatilla koreana, Oldenlandia diffusa, Anthriscus sylvestris, Schizandra chinensis, Gieditsia sinensis, Cridium officinale, showed decrease in $IC_{50}$ values more than 50%, other 16 samples showed decrease in $IC_{50}$ values between 50-25%, compared with the value acquired when medicinal plant sample was used alone. Among those 11 samples, extract of Catalpa ovata showed the highest activity. $IC_{50}$ values were decrease to 61% and 28% when carcinoma cells were treated with Catalpa ovata extract in combination of 75 and 100 uM of hydrogen peroxide, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.716-722
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of age of animal, hot carcass weight, pH, conformation and fat class on basic beef quality attributes (tenderness, sarcomere length, basic chemical composition, marbling and colour) in a group of purebred animals. The object of the study was beef of Limousin bulls (25 to 27 months, hot carcass weight - $432{\pm}31$ kg, "U" conformation class, "2"-"3" fat class). Analysed cuts were Infraspinatus muscle from the blade and Longissimus dorsi muscle from the cube roll and the striploin. Tenderness was analysed with universal testing machine, colour - chromometer analysis, sarcomere length - microscopic method, basic chemical composition - near-infrared spectroscopy and marbling - computer image analysis. No differences in tenderness and sarcomere length were observed within the age groups of Limousin bulls (age of 25, 26, 27 months) (p>0.05). Moisture (p = 0.0123) and fat (p = 0.0250) content were significantly different for meat of animals slaughtered at the age of 25 and 27 months. No influence of pH value on tenderness was observed, but at the same time, influence on sarcomere length (p = 0.039) and $b^*$ component of colour (0.045) was found. For "U" conformation class, in subclasses, as well as for fat classes "2"-"3", there were no differences in tenderness, sarcomere length and colour components. Higher fat content was observed in the higher fat class, rather than in lower, however this feature was not associated with marbling.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.621-628
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• 2004

Twenty male buffalo calves of 6-9 months of age (average body weight, 97 kg) were randomly allocated into two main groups of four (control) and sixteen (supplemented) calves. The supplemented group was further divided in to four equal sub-groups, with the two groups supplemented with a liquid preparation of urea-molasses, UML1, containing fish meal and UML2, containing formaldehyde treated deoiled mustard cake (FDMC) and the other two, with a semi-solid preparation, UMC1 with FDMC and deoiled rice bran (DORB) contributing similar level of CP as in UML2 and UMC2 with double the level of FDMC to that in UMC1. The control group was fed with DORB along with ad libitum wheat straw at 40:60 ratios. The rest of the groups were fed on the above diet supplemented with 500 g (as fed basis) of urea-molasses preparations. The experimental feeding was carried out for 24 weeks including a metabolism trial towards the end of experimental feeding. Daily feed intake and fortnightly change in live weight were also recorded during the study. Catalytic supplementation of 500 g urea-molasses induced 8-25% higher voluntary feed intake of wheat straw, resulting in 15-25% higher DM and OM intake. The digestibility of DM, OM, total carbohydrate, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose in all the dietary groups were comparable. The CP digestibility of calves in supplemented groups were higher (p<0.05) than the control group. The balance of nutrients, viz. N, Ca and P, was also higher in the supplemented groups. Significantly higher intake of digestible CP coupled with other digestible nutrients attributed to higher TDN (1.67-1.78 vs. 1.37 kg) and ME (5.94-6.31 vs. 4.87 Mcal) intake in urea-molasses supplemented groups which resulted in higher live weight gain compared to that in control group (p<0.01). Between the supplements, UML2 and UMC2 faired non-significantly, indicating formalin treated mustard cake as a suitable replacement to fishmeal in the supplement. The overall ranking based on intake and digestibility of nutrients, live weight gain, economic evaluation and input-output relationship revealed that the rations with UML2 and UMC1 to be of greater value compared to other types. From the study it can be concluded that young ruminants can be reared successfully on a basal diet of deoiled rice bran and wheat straw supplemented with cheaper urea-molasses-mineral mix.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4359-4368
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• 2011

Among several macroeconomic missteps blamed for the recent global financial crisis including the social problems of income distribution and the lack of proper financial remedies, two of them have received particular attention: the global BOP(Balance of Payment) imbalance and the misguided monetary policy. Such BOP imbalance was blamed for massive foreign exchange investment flows from Asia into the U.S., triggering the financial and real estate bubble in America. The latter refers to the excessively loose monetary policy of the U.S. Federal Reserve, which pushed financial institutions and households into reckless investment behavior in search of higher returns. Given the abuse of certain innovative financial techniques and new investment instruments that have been created in recent decades, both collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and credit default swaps (CDS) enjoyed a symbiotic and toxic relationship prior to the financial crisis This paper is organized as follows: The first section analyzes the real causes of the recent financial crisis. The second details the role of CDOs and CDS. Then, to identify key determinants of the CDS spreads in an emerging capital market, the sample data of major Korean firms' CDS spreads are used to estimate the risk premium by utilizing the multiple regression analysis. The empirical test result indicates that Korean 3-year treasury bond rate(TYIELD), market to book value ratio(MV/BV), and assets size(INASSETS) are shown to demonstrate statistically significant influences on the changes of the CDS premium for sample firms.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.287-297
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• 2008

In order to estimate the preliminary development feasibility according to the commodity, the content of 8 strategic metallic commoditites(Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mo, W, Au, U) in 68 ore specimens obtained from 34 metallic mines within the Taebaegsan-Hwanggangri mineralized zone were analyzed. Analytical results are as follows. The ore specimen of Sangdong mine contained 23% copper(cut-off grade=0.7%) and those of Cheongil and Samhwanghak mines contained average 5% zinc(cut-off grade=2.0%). Especially, the detailed investigation on the above-mentioned mines is required. And, in case of molybdenum(cut-off grade=0.02%) content in Yeonhwa No. 2(0.04%) and Hong-cheon mine(0.02%), and lead(cut-off grade=0.58%) content in Wongasa mine(0.70%), and gold(cut-off grade=10ppm) content in Dongmyoung(279ppm) and Samhwanghak mine(251ppm), it is required to elastically carry out the revaluation on reopening of mines in terms of the international metal price. On the other hand, in case of uranium, iron and tungsten, it is thought that there are no mines with the development potential value in this study.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.341-354
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• 1995

Fluorescence characteristic and amino acids composition of organic matter were determined from extracted seawater samples at eight stations in the East Sea of Korea. Organic compounds have been extracted onto C-18 Sep-Pak cartridges. Three dimensional excitation/emission fluorescence contouring of extracts showed two markedly distinct characterized fluoroscopies representing protein-like biomacromolecule and humic-like geomacromolecule. Protein-like biomacromolecule showing fluorescence maxima at 280 nm/330 nm (excitation/emission) were abundant in the surface mixed layer and then apparently decreased below the thermocline at most stations. It suggests that source of biomacromolecule is comely related with vigorous biological synthetic activity in the surface layer and bacteria decompose its biologically labile components near the thermocline and in the deeper layer. On the other hand, humiliate geomacromolecule showing fluorescence maxima at 330 nm/430 nm (excitation/emission) were low in the surface mixed layer implying photochemical oxidation and then increased below the thermocline at most stations. It suggests that geomacromolecule might be transformed by condensation of bio-refractoryorganic fraction after decomposition of biomacromolecule and particulate organic carbon derived from the surface mixed layer. HPLC measurements of amino acids showed similar composition between seawater and extracted organic macromolecule after hydrolysis. Glycine, serine and alanine were predominant, accounting for more than 50% of total amino acids. Dissolved free amino acids of seawater were more abundant in the surface layer(0.7∼1.8 uM) than the deeper layer (0.2∼0.4 uM). D/L racemic ratio of alanine of extracted organic matter showed lower value in the surface layer than the deeper layer. It suggests that biomacromolecule predominant in the surface layer is relatively young, rapidly recycling and biologically labile.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of tumor marker CA 15-3 in the following: the diagnosis of breast cancer relapse after curative mastectomy, and the differentiation or the value of tumor marker by site of metastases. Materials and Methods: Two hundred two patients (median age 48 years) with breast cancer included in the follow-up after curative mastectomy. The tumor marker CA 15-3 was determined by IRMA (CIS BIO INTERNATIONAL, France). Test values > 30 U/ml were considered elevated (positive). Results: Among 202 patients, recurrent diseases were found in 16 patients. CA 15-3 was elevated in 5 of 16 patients with recurrences. There was no false-positive patient who had elevated CA 15-3. Sensitivity and specificity of CA 15-3 for detection of breast cancer recurrence were 31%, and 100%. CA 15-3 was elevated in all of the 4 patients with liver metastases. CA 15-3 was elevated in none of the patients who relapsed with metastasis to bone-only or contralateral breast-only. Conclusion: The tumor marker CA 15-3 in the detection of breast cancer relapse after curative mastectomy is specific, but not sensitive. However, it is useful to rule out liver metastases of breast cancer, which indicates bad prognosis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1981

A series of thermal destruction studies of the most heat resistant yeast strain No. 15 among 61 isolates were conducted in order to establish the optimum pasteurization condition of peach solid pack. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. A survival curve of the selected yeast strain No. 15 at $58^{\circ}C$ consisted of heat labile and heat stable fraction, showing broken curve. 2. The actively growing cell showed less recovery rate than 10 day rested cell after agitation-growing for 90 hr. For heating menstrua, peptone solution gave higher recovery rate than peach juice. For recovery medium, YM agar gave higher recovery rate than peach juice agar. The selected yeast was more resistant to heat at pH 4.0 than at pH 3.5 in both heating menstrua and recovery medium. 3. Z value of TDT curve of the selected yeast (heating : at pH 3.5 in peach juice. recovery: at pH 3.5 in peach juice agar) was $4.8^{\circ}C$. 4. The selected yeast No. 15 was identified as Torulopsis candida. 5. In the inoculated pack test of 4 oz can, it was concluded that the optimum P.U. 70/5 was 168 (center temp; $78.5^{\circ}C$, initial temp; $18^{\circ}C$, processing time; 18 min, initial yeast count; $1.0{\times}10^7$ per can).

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.259-269
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• 2014

After global financial crisis, the ratio of household debt to GDP was decreasing in other advanced countries such as the U.S., and the U.K. and so on. But, in Korea, household debt (of which residential mortgage loan account for a large part) ratio is still increasing. This paper focuses on the scale and characteristics of households in negative housing equity (those are called House-poors in Korea), and also the socio-economic backgrounds of the formation process. In financial perspective, the problem of negative housing equity depends on financial debt repayment capability. We used DSR (Debt Service Ratio) and LTA (Loan to Asset ratio) as financial indicators to evaluate the debt repayment capability. The critical value of DSR is assumed as 40%, and LTA 100%. The socio-economic backgrounds of the House-poors are as follows : increasing households debt dependency, over lending competition of financial institutions and unreasonable loan in household economy, instability of real estate market, week regulation on mortgage loan. Finally, this paper suggests some implications about the range and the target of public intervention.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

Bone marrow transplantation(BMT) is widely used as curative means of various malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders, and early and accurate determination of engraftment is very important for critical management decisions. Reticulocyte counts performed by automated flow cytometric methods is a good indicator of erythropoietic activity and its evaluation has been proposed as an early predictor of bone marrow regeneration. Some reports highlighted the usefulness of the percentage of highly fluorescent reticulocytes and the sum of highly and medium fluorescent reticulocytes(immature reticulocyte fraction, IRF). In Asan Medical Center, the criteria for engraftment following BMT or PBSCT was defined as the first day of a 3-day trend of absolute neutrophil count(ANC)${\geq}500/uL$ and platelet count${\geq}30{\times}10^3/uL$. In 1999, Grotto et al proposed an indidator of bone marrow recovery as the first day on which the IRF was twice the minimum value after bone marrow transplantation. To compare the both criterias, we got consecutive datas of immature reticulocyte fraction, absolute neutrophil count(ANC), WBC count, platelet count and reticulocyte count by XE-2100 automated hematology analyzer(Sysmex Co. Japan) from 33 patients daily after BMT. When compared to standard neutrophil engraftment(10-30 days, $16.2{\pm}4.6days$), IRF engraftment (5-21 days, $11.0{\pm}3.9days$) occured significantly earlier in 87.9% of patients(P<0.05). The mean engraftment day for WBC count(11-29 days, $16.4{\pm}4.3days$) was similar to ANC, but platelet count and reticulocyte count revealed more delayed data (10-49 days, $19.1{\pm}7.4days$ vs 17-64 days, $31.4{\pm}14.1days$). In conclusion, our results confirm that an increase in the immature reticulocyte population is the earliest sign of the hematopoietic recovery after BMT and that automated reticulocyte quantification including immature fraction may be integrated into clinical protocols to evaluate bone marrow reconstitution.