• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2012

The angle of solar panels is calculated using solar radiation model for the efficient solar power generation. In ideal state, the time of maximum solar radiation is represented from 12:08 to 12:40 during a year at Gangneung and it save rage time is12:23. The maximum solar radiation is 1012$W/m^2$ and 708$W/m^2$ inc lear sky and cloudy sky, respectively. Solar radiation is more sensitive to North-South (N-S) slope angle than East-West (E-W) azimuth angle. Daily solar radiation on optimum angle of solar panel is higher than that on horizontal surface except for 90 days during summer. In order to apply to the real atmosphere, the TMY (typical meteorological Year) data which obtained from the 22 solar sites operated by KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration) during 11 years(2000 to 2010) is used as the input data of solar radiation model. The distribution of calculated solar radiation is similar to the observation, except in Andong, where it is overestimated, and in Mokpo and Heuksando, where it is underestimated. Statistical analysis is performed on calculated and observed monthly solar radiation on horizontal surface, and the calculation is overestimated from the observation. Correlationis 0.95 and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) is10.81 MJ. The result shows that optimum N-S slope angles of solar panel are about $2^{\circ}$ lower than station latitude, but E-W slope angles are lower than ${\pm}1^{\circ}$. There are three types of solar panels: horizontal, fixed with optimum slope angle, and panels with tracker system. The energy efficiencies are on average 20% higher on fixed solar panel and 60% higher on tracker solar panel than compared to the horizontal solar panel, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.177-190
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• 1998

The concentrations of air pollutants In large cities such as Pusan area have been increased every year due to the increasing of fuels consumption at factories and by vehicles as well as the gravitation of the population. In addition to the pollution sources, time and spatial variation of air pollutants concentration and meteorological factors have a great influence on the air pollution problem. Especially , its concentration is governed by wind direction, wind speed, precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, humidity and cloud amounts, etc. In this study, we have analyzed various data of meteorological factors using typical patterns of the air pressure to investigate how the concentration of air pollutants is varied with meteorological condition. Using the relationship between meteorological factors (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation) and the concentration of air pollutants (SO2, O3) , experimental prediction formulas for their concentration were obtained. Therefore, these prediction formulas at each meteorological factor in a pressure pattern may be roughly used to predict the air pollutants concentration and contributed to estimate the variation of its value according to the weather condition in Pusan city.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1157-1167
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• 2010

This paper details a method for establishing a wind energy map having($1Km{\times}1Km$) resolution. The map is essential for measurement and efficiency-testing of wind energy resources and wind site analysis. To this end, a statistical wind field model is estimated that covers 345,682 regions obtained by $1Km{\times}1Km$ lattices made over South Korea. The paper derives various characteristics of a regional wind energy resource under the statistical wind field model and estimates them to construct the wind energy map. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, based on TMY(typical meteorological year) wind data of 76 weather station areas, shows that a Log-normal model is adequate for the statistical wind field model. The model is estimated by using the wind speed data of 345,682 regions provided by the National Institute of Meteorological Research(NIMR). Various wind energy statistics are studied under the Log-normal wind field model. As an application, the wind energy density(W$/m^2$) map of South Korea is constructed with a resolution of $1Km{\times}1Km$ and its utility for the wind site analysis is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.79-91
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• 2017

The meteorological data of 1 hour interval are required to write a typical weather data for building energy simulation. However, many meterological data are missing and the interpolation method to recover the missing data is required. Especially, lots of meterological data are replicated by linear interpolation method because the changes are not significant. While, the wind velocity fluctuates with the time or locations, so linear interpolation method is not appropriate in interpolation of the wind velocity data. In this study, three interpolation methods, using surrounding wind velocity data, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Revised Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW-r), were analyzed considering the characteristics of wind velocity. The Revised Inverse Distance Weighting method, proposed in this study, showed the highest reliability in restoration of the wind velocity data among the analyzed methods.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2019

After 30 years of KKP model analysis and extended 30 years of accuracy analysis, the unique correlation and various problems between measured horizontal surface insolation and measured weather data are found in this paper. The KKP model's 10yrs daily total horizontal surface insolation forecasting was averaged about 97.7% on average, and the forecasting accuracy at peak times per day was about 92.1%, which is highly applicable regardless of location and weather conditions nationwide. The daily total solar radiation forecasting accuracy of the modified KKP cloud model was 98.9%, similar to the KKP model, and 93.0% of the forecasting accuracy at the peak time per day. And the results of evaluating the accuracy of calculation for 30 years of KKP model were cloud model 107.6% and cloud model 95.1%. During the accuracy analysis evaluation, this study found that inaccuracies in measurement data of cloud cover should be clearly assessed by the Meteorological Administration.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2020

Muons and neutrons are representative secondary particles that are generated by interactions between primary cosmic ray particles (mostly protons) and the nuclei of atmospheric gas compounds. Previous studies reported that muons experience seasonal variations because of the meteorological effects of temperature. The intensity of neutrons has a typical modulation with various periods and reasons, such as diurnal and solar variation or transient events. This paper reports that cosmic ray particles, which were observed by neutron monitors, have seasonal variations using the daily data at the Oulu neutron monitor. To eliminate the effects of solar activity across time, the daily data were normalized by two different transformations: transformations with respect to the grand mean and yearly mean. The data after transformation with respect to the yearly mean showed more statistical stability and clear seasonal variations. On the other hand, it is difficult to determine if the seasonal variation results from terrestrial effects, such as meteorological factors, or extraterrestrial effects, such as the position of the Earth in its orbit of revolution.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of surface ozone concentration and occurrence of high ozone concentration using hourly ozone, nitrogen dioxide and meteorological data for 1997~1998 in Pusan coastal area. Monthly mean ozone concentration was the highest at Dongsamdong in Spring(35.4ppb), at Kwangbokdong in Fall(25.1ppb) and the lowest Dongsamdong(22.2ppb) and Kwangbokdong(16.0ppb) in Winter. Relative standard deviation indicating clearness of observation site was 0.42 at Dongsamdong and 0.49 at Kwangbokdong that is similar to urban area. The diurnal variation of ozone concentration of Dongsamdong and Kwangbokdong showed maximum at 1500~1600LST and minimum 0700~0800LST that typical pattern of ozone concentration. In ozone episode period(Sept. 10~15, 1998), diurnal change of ozone concentration was very high, and ozone concentration was related to meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, cloud amount and radiation on a horizontal surface. During the episode days peak ozone concentrations are much higher than the normal values, wind speeds are always lower, and solar radiation is high with the exception of the September episode.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of surface ozone concentration and occurrence of high ozone concentration using hourly ozone and meteorological data of 1997~1998 in Pusan coastal area. Monthly mean ozone concentration was highest in Spring(35.4ppb) and lowest in Winter(22.2ppb). Relative standard deviation indicating clearness of observation site was 0.42 that is similar to urban area. The diurnal variation of ozone concentration of Dongsamdong showed maximum at 15~16LST and minimum 07~08LST that typical pattern of ozone concentration. In ozone episode period(May 18~23, 1998), diurnal change of ozone concentration was very high, and ozone concentration was related to meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, cloud amount and radiation on a horizontal surface.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2010

A meso-urban meteorological model (Urbanized MM5; uMM5) with urban canopy parameterization (UCP) was applied to the high-resolution simulation of meteorological fields in a complex coastal urban area and the assessment of urban impacts. Multi-scale simulations with the uMM5 in the innermost domain (1-km resolution) covering the Busan metropolitan region were performed during a typical sea breeze episode (4~8 August 2006) with detailed fine-resolution inputs (urban morphology, land-use/land-cover sub-grid distribution, and high-quality digital elevation model data sets). An additional simulation using the standard MM5 was also conducted to identify the effects of urban surface properties under urban meteorological conditions. Results showed that the uMM5 reproduced well the urban thermal and dynamic environment and captured well the observed feature of sea breeze. When comparison with simulations of the standard MM5, it was found that the uMM5 better reproduced urban impacts on temperature (especially at nighttime) and urban wind flows: roughness-induced deceleration and UHI (Urban Heat Island)-induced convergence.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.174-185
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• 2020

Multiscattering occurs when a laser transmits into dense atmosphere targets (e.g. fogs, smoke or clouds), which can cause depolarization effects even though the scattering particles are spherical. In addition, multiscattering effects have additional information about microphysical properties of scatterers. Thus, multiscattering can be utilized to study the microphysical properties of the liquid water cloud. In this paper, a Monte Carlo method was used to simulate multi-scattering transmission properties of Lidar signals in the cloud. The results showed the slope of the degree of linear polarization (SLDLP) can be used to invert the extinction coefficient, and then the cloud effective size (CES) and the liquid water content (LWC) may be easily obtained by using the extinction coefficient and saturation of the degree of linear polarization (SADLP). Based on calculation results, a microphysical properties inversion method for a liquid cloud was presented. An innovative multiscattering polarization Lidar (MSPL) system was constructed to measure the LWC and CES of the liquid cloud, and a new method based on the polarization splitting ratio of the Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS) was developed to calibrate the polarization channels of MSPL. By analyzing the typical observation data of MSPL observation in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, China, the LWC and CES of the liquid water cloud were obtained. Comparisons between the results from the MSPL, MODIS and the Microwave radar data showed that, the microphysical properties of liquid cloud could be retrieved by combining our MSPL and the inversion method.