• Wind and Structures
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2018

A large number of low-rise buildings experienced serious roof covering failures under strong wind while few suffered structural damage. Clay and concrete tiles are two main kinds of roof covering. For the tile roof system, few researches were carried out based on Finite Element (FE) analysis due to the difficulty in the simulation of the interface between the tiles and the roof sheathing (the bonding materials, foam or mortar). In this paper, the FE analysis of a single clay or concrete tile with foam-set or mortar-set were built with the interface simulated by the equivalent nonlinear springs based on the mechanical uplift and displacement tests, and they were expanded into the whole roof. A detailed wind tunnel test was carried out at Tongji University to acquire the wind loads on these two kinds of roof tiles, and then the test data were fed into the FE analysis. For the purpose of validation and calibration, the results of FE analysis were compared with the full-scale performance ofthe tile roofs under simulated strong wind impact through one-of-a-kind Wall of Wind (WoW) apparatus at Florida International University. The results are consistent with the WoW test that the roof of concrete tiles with mortar-set provided the highest resistance, and the material defects or improper construction practices are the key factors to induce the roof tiles' failure. Meanwhile, the staggered setting of concrete tiles would help develop an interlocking mechanism between the tiles and increase their resistance.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.255-268
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• 2014

We are now currently facing serious climate changes such as super typhoon, flood, intense heat, severe cold, super hurricane, drought, desertification, destruction of ecosystem, marine pollution, reduction of food production, destruction of tropical forests, exhaustion of water resources, climate refugees, etc. All of the above mainly derive from greenhouse gas exhaustion. Such harmful consequence might directly affect mankind's sustainable development. If we keep using resources that emits greenhouse gases, the global temperature will rise about $3.2^{\circ}C$ by year 2050. In case of $3^{\circ}C$ rise in temperature, it will result in abnormal climate which will bring about severe property damage. Moreover, 20~50% of the ecosystem will become extinct. As Korea's economy increasingly expands, so do our energy consumption rises. And because of the consequences that can be driven by increasing rate of resource use, not just Korea itself, but also the whole world should seriously concern about greenhouse gases. Although agricultural division only takes up about 3.2% of total greenhouse gas emission, the ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs are taking voluntary actions to gradually reduce $CO_2$ and so does each and every related organizations. In order to reduce $CO_2$, introduction of new and renewable energy in farm house warming is crucial. In other words, implementing wood-pellet boiler and geothermal heat boiler can largly reduce $CO_2$ emission compared to diesel boiler. More importantly, not only wood-pellet and geothermal heat is pollution-free but they also have economic advantages some-what. In this thesis, the economic advantage and sustainablity will be introduced and proved through comparing practical analysis of surveyed farm house under structure employing wood-pellet boiler and geothermal heat boiler with Agriculture-Economic Statistic of 2012 who uses diesel boiler.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2012

진주시는 과거 발생한 태풍 및 집중호우 등으로 피해를 입은 지역을 대상으로 홍수침수위험지구를 8곳 선정하고 이 지역에 대한 대피소를 지정하여 운영하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 침수위험지구 중 시가지에 위치하고 인구밀도가 높은 나불지구와 상평지구를 연구 대상지역으로 선정하였다. 침수재해가 발생할 경우 대피조건을 고려하여 아동, 일반성인, 노약자로 구분하고 이동속도와 도달시간을 계산하여 대피소의 위치에 대한 적합성 평가를 GIS의 네트워크분석을 적용하였다. 그 결과 아동과 노약자의 경우 대피시간이 많이 소요되어 대피소로 대피하는데 적정대피 계획시간을 초과하고 있으며 일부지역은 일반성인도 규정된 대피시간을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 나불, 상평지구에 현재 지정된 대피소의 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 대피소를 1-2개 추가 지정하여 대피시간에 따른 문제점을 개선하였으며, 향후 대피경보발령과 연령별 대피계획을 보다 구체적으로 구축하여 재해발생 시 인적 물적 피해를 줄일 수 있는 대책 마련이 요구된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.593-601
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• 2009

Forest disturbances including forest fire, insect pests and diseases, landslides, and forest conversion from 1976 to 2005 were investigated to trace the changes of major forest disturbance agents and their characteristics over time in accordance with changes in natural and social environment in South Korea. While the damaged area by insect pests and diseases continuously decreased for the past 30 years, damaged areas by forest fire and landslide were fluctuating through years. The interval of large forest fires has become shorter with increased tree volume. The precipitation between January and April were significantly correlated with large fire occurrences as Pearson's correlation coefficient -0.400 (P=0.029). The composition of major insect pests and diseases damaging Korean forests has been changed continuously, and become more diversified. While damages by pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis) and pine needle gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis) decreased, damage by introduced pests has been more serious recently. The change of precipitation pattern that brought more localized heavy rain or powerful typhoon resulted in the recent increase in landslide areas. The major land uses to induce forest conversion have been changed, reflecting the changes in industrial structure in South Korea as agriculture and mining in 1970s, mining and golf ranges classified in pasture in 1980s, and road and housing construction in 1990s and 2000s. Changes in forest disturbance patterns in South Korea show that a country's industrial development is jointly working with global warming on forest stand dynamics. Altering energy structure and land use pattern induced by industrial development accumulates forest volume and reforms microenvironments on forest floor, interacting with climate change, inducing shorter interval of large forest fire and changes in major species composition of forest insect pests and diseases.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 집중호우, 태풍, 허리케인과 같은 자연재해로 인한 낙과된 배 봉지를 자동으로 검출할 수 있는 알고리즘을 구현하였다. 검출 대상인 배 봉지는 글자가 인쇄된 회색 계열로, 수출용 배를 대량으로 생산하는 상주와 나주의 대규모 농원들에서 주로 사용한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 먼저 영상에서 관심영역을 설정하고, 설정한 관심 영역에 대해 유채색 영역을 제거한 후 형태학적 연산을 사용하여 잡음이나 이상 영역을 제거하여 낙과 영역을 검출한다. 이 낙과 영역을 분석하고 계수하여 낙과 피해 규모를 산정한다. 실험영상으로는 2014년 상주와 나주 배농원에서 촬영한 영상을 사용하였다. 제안한 기법은 실험영상에 대해 90% 이상의 검출 성능을 얻었으며, 알고리즘 구성이 간단해서 실시간 하드웨어 적용 및 모바일 디바이스를 활용한 구현도 가능하다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2012

In areas around Deoksan Li and Deokjeon Li, Inje Eup, Inje Gun, located between $38^{\circ}2^{\prime}55^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$ and $38^{\circ}5^{\prime}50^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$ in latitude and $128^{\circ}11^{\prime}20^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$ and $128^{\circ}18^{\prime}20^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$ in longitude, large-sized avalanche disasters occurred due to Typhoon Ewiniar in 2006. As a result, 29 people were dead or missing, along with a total of 37.25 billion won of financial loss(Gangwon Province, 2006). To evaluate such landslide and debris flow risk areas and their vulnerability, this study applied a technique called 'Weight of Evidence' based on GIS. Especially based on the overlay analysis of aerial images before the occurrence of landslides and debris flows in 2005 and after 2006, this study extracted 475 damage-occurrence areas in a shape of point, and established a DB by using such factors as topography, hydrologic, soil and forest physiognomy through GIS. For the prediction diagram of debris flow and landslide risk areas, this study calculated W+ and W-, the weighted values of each factor of Weight Evidence, while overlaying the weighted values of factors. Besides, the diagram showed about 76% in prediction accuracy, and it was also found to have a relatively high correlationship with the areas where such natural disasters actually occurred.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.261-272
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• 2016

전 세계가 지구 온난화 현상에 의한 기상이변을 겪으면서 태풍이나 집중호우, 지진, 가뭄 등의 급증하는 자연재해로 인해 많은 피해를 입고 있다. 우리나라는 특히 대륙성 기후와 해양성 기후가 교차하는 국가로 국지성 집중호우 및 태풍의 강도가 심화되어 피해가 빈번하고 산사태, 폭풍, 홍수를 동반하여 피해 규모는 증가한다. 이에 본 연구는 태풍과 집중호우로 인한 피해가 특히 심하고 그에 따른 대책이나 기반시설이 제대로 마련되어 있지 않은 농촌마을로 한정하여 피해사례와 원인을 분석하였고, 외국의 자연재해 방지 대책 사례를 조사하였다. 이를 바탕으로 시설과 건축물, 공간계획 위주로 국내 농촌지역에 적용가능한 계획요소를 도출함으로써 재난안전마을을 구축하기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2021

In general, the industrial complex is a place where factories of various industries are concentrated. It is only as efficient as it is designed. However, the risks vary as there are various industries. These features are also associated with various types of disasters. The dangers of natural disasters such as a typhoon, flood, and earthquake, as well as fire and explosions, are also latent. Many of these risks can make stable production and business activities difficult, resulting in massive direct and indirect damage. In particular, decades after its establishment, the vulnerabilities increase even more as aging and small businesses are considered. In this sense, it is significant to assess the vulnerability of the industrial complex. Thus analysing fire and explosion hazards as stage 1 of the vulnerability evaluation for the major potential disasters for the industrial complex. First, fire vulnerabilities were analyzed quantitatively. It is displayed in blocks for each company. The assessment block status and the fire vulnerability rating status were conducted by applying the five-step criteria. Level A is the highest potential risk step and E is the lowest step. Level A was 11.8% in 20 blocks, level B was 22.5% in 38 blocks, level C was 25.4% in 43 blocks, level D was 26.0% in 44 blocks, and level E was 14.2% in 24 blocks. Levels A and B with high fire vulnerabilities were analyzed at 34.3%. Secondly, the vulnerability for an explosion was quantitatively analyzed. Explosive vulnerabilities were analyzed at 4.7% for level A with 8 blocks, 3.0% for level B with 5, 1.8% for level C with 3, 4.7% for level D with 8, and 85.8% for level E with 145. Levels A and B, which are highly vulnerable to explosions, were 7.7 %. Thirdly, the overall vulnerability can be assessed by adding disaster vulnerabilities to make future assessments. Moreover, it can also assist in efficient safety and disaster management by visually mapping quantified data. This will also be used for the integrated control center of the N-Industrial Complex, which is currently being installed.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.811-816
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• 2023

기후 위기가 대두되며 최근 한국에서도 기후 재난이 선명하게 체감되고 있다. 특히 2022년 여름에 발생한 태풍 '힌남노'는 가공할만한 위력으로 많은 사람이 위기감을 느끼게 했다. 이러한 상황에서 아동들은 재난 상황에 대한 경험과 대처 능력이 부족하여 작은 위기에도 큰 피해를 받을 가능성이 높다. 본 논문에서는 아동들의 재난 대처 훈련을 지원하는 재난 상황 대처법 학습 애플리케이션을 소개한다. 상황학습이론과 아동 재난안전교육에 대한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 설계된 본 시스템에서는 다양한 에피소드를 제작하여 재난 상황을 접하도록 교육한다. 아동은 에피소드 진행 중 선택지를 고르며 에피소드에 참여할 수 있고, 이는 에피소드 완료후 그림일기에 반영된다. 그림일기 속에 자연스럽게 정보를 제공하여 아동은 재난 상황에서의 대처법에 대해 접할 수있다. 본 시스템을 통해 아동은 본인이 접할 수 있는 재난 상황에서 판단력을 기르고, 성인의 도움 밖에서 기본적인 안전을 확보하는 능력을 지닐 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2024

Plastic greenhouses are simple structures consisting of lightweight materials such as steel pipes and polyvinyl chloride. However, serious damage occurs due to heavy winds and typhoon every year. To prevent a collapse of structural members, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has distributed plans and specifications for disaster-resistant standards. Despite these efforts, more than 50% of greenhouses still do not satisfy the disaster-resistant standards. Among the greenhouses that do not meet these standards, 85% are single-span greenhouses proposed 20 years ago. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate the safety of wind loads for the single-span greenhouse. Unfortunately, there are no design specifications for the greenhouses under wind loads. Therefore, a Korean design standard (KDS) has been utilized. KDS is defined with reference to wind speeds occurring once every 500 years, raising concerns about potential overdesign when considering the durability of plastic greenhouses. To address this, the modified wind load, considering the durability of the plastic greenhouse, was calculated, and a safety evaluation was conducted for sigle G-type plastic greenhouse. It was observed that the moment acting on the windward surface was substantial, and there was a risk of the foundation being pulled out if the basic wind speed exceeded 32 m/s. In terms of the combination strength ratio, it was less than 1.0 only on the leeward side when the basic wind speed was 24 m/s and 26 m/s. However, in all other cases, it exceeded 1.0, indicating an unsafe condition and highlighting the necessity for reinforcement.