• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2021

Background: Smoking in adolescence leads to an intensified addiction to nicotine when physical and mental growth has not yet been completed. With the advent of e-cigarettes, the rate of e-cigarette use among Korean adolescents has been steadily increasing. To date, studies on e-cigarettes and oral health, especially on the relationship between smoking styles and oral health in adolescents, are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors for oral health problems caused by the repeated use of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Methods: This explanatory research study compared the adolescents' experiences of periodontal disease symptoms according to smoking type through a secondary analysis of the original data from the 15th Adolescent Health Behavior Survey (2019). Cross-analysis was performed to compare the smoking patterns according to the adolescents' general characteristics. Finally, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine how smoking characteristics affect the adolescents' experience of periodontal disease symptoms. Results: In terms of patients' general characteristics, significant differences were observed in sex, school level, grades, household economic status, type of residence, and father's education level between adolescents who smoked conventional cigarettes alone and those who smoked both conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes (p<0.05). After checking the factors affecting the smoking pattern and the experience of periodontal disease symptoms in adolescents, it was found that the duplicate smoking group was more likely to experience periodontal disease symptoms (odds ratio, 1.20) than the group that smoked conventional cigarettes alone (p<0.05). Conclusion: Duplicate smokers experienced more symptoms of periodontal disease than those who smoked cigarettes alone. Based on the findings of this study, smoking cessation counseling according to the smoking type and differentiated education for oral health promotion should be provided.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.114-120
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• 2011

Chronic inflammation has been implicated as one of the important etiological factors in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To investigate the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the development of T2DM, we conducted a case-control study to assess the association between IL4/IL4R polymorphisms and disease risk. We firstly identified single nucleotide poly-morphisms (SNP) at IL4 and IL4RA loci by sequencing the loci in Korean participants. Case-control studies were conducted by genotyping the SNPs in 474 T2DM cases and 470 non-diabetic controls recruited from community-based cohorts. Replication of the associated signals was performed in 1,216 cases and 1,352 controls. We assessed effect of IL4 -IL4RA interaction on T2DM using logistic regression method. The functional relevance of the SNP associated with disease risk was determined using a reporter expression assay. We identified a strong association between the IL4 promoter variant rs2243250 and T2DM risk (OR=0.77; 95% CI, 0.67~0.88; p=$1.65{\times}10^{－4}$ in the meta-analysis). The reporter gene expression assay demonstrated that the presence of rs2243250 might affect the gene expression level with ~1.5-fold allele difference. Our findings contribute to the identification of IL4 as a T2D susceptibility locus, further supporting the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in T2DM disease development.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2020

Type III Glycogen storage disease (Type III GSD, OMIM#232400) is a genetic metabolic disorder in which undigested glycogen accumulates in the organs due to lack of glycogen debranching enzyme caused by AGL mutation. The clinical symptoms of type III GSD include hepatomegaly, delayed growth, hypoglycemia and muscle weakness. These clinical symptoms are similar to those of other types of GSD, making it difficult to distinguish clinically. The authors report a case of type III GSD diagnosed by gene panel sequencing. A 11-month old male patient was presented with hepatomegaly. In liver biopsy, glycogen was accumulated in hepatocytes, suggesting GSDs. For differential diagnosis of types of GSD, gene panel sequencing for GSDs was performed. As a result, two novel pathogenic compound heterozygous variants: c.311_312del (p.His104Argfs*15) and c.3314+1G>A in AGL were detected and the patient was diagnosed as type III GSD. After diagnosis, he started dietary treatment with cornstarch, and has been free from complications. After two years, two same variants were also identified in the chorionic villous sampling of the pregnant mother, and the fetus was diagnosed as type III GSD. Gene panel sequencing is useful for diagnosis of disease which is indistinguishable by clinically and has high genetic heterogeneity, such as GSD. After diagnosis, familial genetic analysis can provide adequate genetic counseling and rapid diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the difference in knowledge and learning needs of the coronary artery disease according to the general characteristics of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: The participants were 188 patients who had diabetes mellitus. Data were obtained between January and April 2006 by asking the knowledge and learning needs of the coronary artery disease. Data were analyzed using SAS program. Results: Participants' knowledge level was high in the cause and prevention, but the level was low in the symptom and occurrence of pain. Learning need for "Influence of smoking on heart disease" and "The structure and functions of the heart" was great, but learning need for "Complete diagnosis" and "Management of pain and pressure on the sternum" was little. No significant differences were found in the knowledge level of the coronary artery disease according to the general characteristics. Learning needs were greater in participants under 60 years of age (p=0.011) and in those with low education level (p=0.049). There was a significant correlation between knowledge and learning needs of the coronary artery disease (p=0.003). Conclusion: In planing the education programs, the general characteristics of the patients should be considered.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-70
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify a tendency in patients who seek oriental medical service and factors influencing patient satisfaction. The study was conducted with 1,520 residents of a community during the period from February 5, 2005 through June 30, 2005 using a questionnaire. This study results are summarized as follows : 1. Of subjects who sought oriental medical service, 66.2% had musculoskeletal disorder and connective tissue disease, 18.9% had digestive tract disease, 16.4% had respiratory disease, 8.2% had endocrinemetabolic disease, 7.5% had circulatory disease and the remaining subjects had other diseases(p<0.001). 2. Of subjects who sought oriental medical service for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorder, 84.9% preferred acupuncture. Of those who had digestive tract diseases, 47.0% preferred packaged herbal medicine. Of those who had respiratory disease, 63.0% preferred packaged herbal medicine. 3. Acupuncture was the most often sought by subjects with musculoskeletal disorder. Packaged herbal medicine was sought by subjects with respiratory disease, digestive tract disease, endocrine-metabolic disease or circulatory disease. Tablet-type herbal medicine was sought by subjects with musculoskeletal disorder or digestive tract disease. Combined therapy was sought by subjects with musculoskeletal disorder, digestive tract disease, hematopoietic disease or immune disorder. 4. The level of satisfaction with oriental medical service was higher in subjects with circulatory disease, subjects with digestive tract disease, subjects with neurological disorder and subjects with musculoskeletal disorder in descending order. Of total subjects, 39.4% experienced side effects of oriental medical care, 38.1% experienced side effects of herbal medicine. About 51.9% considered the price of herbal medicine costly while 23.2% considered it reasonable. 5. Subjects' knowledge of herbal medicine was measured as $29.2{\pm}3.83$ out of 42 scores or 69 out of 100 points, indicating a low knowledge level. Subjects' knowledge was influenced by occupation, religion, side effects, sex, age, residence area, the type of insurance. These variables explained 15.2% of the variance. 7. Of total subjects, 56.8% were satisfied with oriental medical service. Patient satisfaction varied with occupation, religion, the type of insurance, health state and treatment outcomes. These variables explained 37.3% of the variance. Conclusion : The majority of subjects were satisfied with oriental medical service. However, oriental medical care are not widely used to treat all kinds of diseases while its use skews to a small categories of diseases. It is therefore necessary for the government and oriental medical service providers to develop new therapy approaches for the treatment of a broader range of diseases.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of the type-D personality on quality of life and illness intrusiveness. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaire from 200 patients with coronary artery disease(CAD). Variables were measured with the Type-D Scale-14(DS14), Korean Health Related Quality of Life Scale(KoQoLS), and the Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale(ILRS). Results: Of the patients, 38% were classified as type-D personality. Among the 10 subcategories of quality of life, the highest mean score was bodily pain($5.84{\pm}2.85$) and the lowest was role limitation($1.52{\pm}1.20$). Among 13 item of illness intrusiveness, the highest mean score was health($3.78{\pm}1.73$) and the lowest was family relationships($2.14{\pm}1.58$). There were significant differences in all the subcategories of quality of life between type-D and non type-D except for subcategories of bodily pain and role limitation. However, there were no significant differences in illness intrusiveness between type-D and non type-D. Conclusion: Type-D is an important factor in quality of life in patients with CAD, but no correlations between type-D and illness intrusiveness were found. These results can be used as basic data for developing cardiac rehabilitation programs to improve quality of life in type-D patients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.521-527
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• 2009

According to <> and <>, Taeum is strongly related to dampness, earth, and canter. The origin of Taeum is dampness and the presentation of it is dryness, thus spleen plays a greater role than lung in physiologic and pathologic aspect. Taeum meridian cooperates with Soeum and Guelum meridian, and spreads yin gi through spleen and lung meridian. Among six meridian types that are invented by Ji-San, Taeum type possesses lowered eyes and nose and displays characteristics of Taeum disease. Instead of five jang organs and six bu orqans, meridians are major factor of Taeum type. Thus SiDongByung (disease of gi) and SoSaengByung (disease of blood) are considered more significantly than internal and external symptoms of organs. Personality of Taeum type is realistic, pragmatic, diligent, and occasionally selfish. Medications for Taeum type are described as following. GwakHyangJungKi-San or InSamYangWi-Tang can be considered for the complication of intrinsic and extrinsic diseases, which are caused by yin symptom of SangHan. If cold stomach affected by Taeum disease causes an abdominal pain and diarrhea, YiJoong-Tang or PalMiYiJoong-Tang are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2000

Neurofibromatosis type I or Von Recklinghausen's disease can occur at any site in the body. It is characterized by multiple $c\'{a}fe\;\'{a}u\;l\'{a}it$ spots on the skin-more than six spots greater than 1.5cm-, neurofibromas of the peripheral and centarl nervous system, and variety of other dysplastic abnormalities of the skin, bones, endocrine organs, nervous systems, and blood vessels. It is an autosomal dominant trait disease with a frequency of 1 of 3000. Neurofibromatosis is known to be complicated by malignancies. Neurofibromatosis is progressive disease and shows a marked variations in expression in affected individuals. In this report we describe a male patient with neurofibromatosis type I developed in the parapharyngeal space. The patient had huge mass at left parapharyngeal space and inguinal area. We successfully treated the patient with surgery without complication.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.319-334
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• 2020

We propose a mathematical model with Holling type II functional response, to study the dynamics of vaccination. In order to make our model more realistic, we have incorporated the recruitment of infected individuals as a continuous process. We have assumed that vaccination cannot be perfect and there is always a possibility of re-infection. We have obtained the existence of a disease free and endemic equilibrium point, when the recruitment of infective is not considered and also obtained the existence of at least one endemic equilibrium point when recruitment of infective is considered. We have proved that if R_v < 1, disease free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable, which leads to the elimination of the disease from the population. The persistence of the model has also been established. Numerical simulations have been done to establish the results obtained.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2006

Galactosialidosis is a lysosomal storage disease associated with a combined deficiency of ${\beta}$-galactosidase and ${\alpha}$-neuraminidase, secondary to a defect of another lysosomal protective protein. It is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by psychomotor deterioration, cerebellar ataxia, coarse facies, generalized bony deformity and organomegaly. Three phenotypic subtype are recognized: early infantile, late infantile and juvenile/adult type. We report a 13 months old boy with a late infantile galactosialidosis. He was presented with progressive mental regression and motor disturbance and observed cherry red spot, hearing loss, moderate dysostosis multiplex and vacuolated lymphocytes in peripheral blood. He showed only ${\beta}$-galactosidase deficiency in the lymphocytes and was initially diagnosed as $GM_1$-gangliosidosis type 1. However, further studies revealed the possible defect of ${\alpha}$-neuraminidase suggesting that he was a case of galactosialidosis which was mimicking $GM_1$-gangliosidosis type 1.