• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.787-795
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• 1997

This descriptive study was conducted to ascertain whether the needs of patients with cancer, their caregivers and their nurses changed according to the illness phases and if the perceived needs of the three groups were different for three categories of nursing needs. At two hospitals in Seoul and Choongnam, three groups of subjects, -patients with cancer(79), caregivers(92), and nurses(72) - responded to a questionnaire consisting of items on educational need(11 items), physical need(8 items), emotional need(9 items) using a 4-point Likert scale. The patients and caregivers were selected according to the phase of the cancer (initial, intermediate or recurred, terminal phases). Finding revealed that the level of perception and degree of satisfaction of the needs were low, just around two points in patients and caregivers. Of the three categories of needs, physical needs were received the highest score and the degree of satisfaction of physical needs was also the highest. There was no significant difference between the level of perception and satisfaction of needs in patients and caregivers according to the phases of the illness and the degree of per reception and the satisfaction of the patients were not significantly different and caregivers showed the same result. There was a significant difference in the level of importance of the needs of nurses according to the phases of the cancer. They perceived emotional needs were the most important in first phase and second phase, physical needs in third phase and the educational needs were more important in the first phase than in any other phase. The degree of importance of needs was significantly lower than the degree to which needs were addressed, according to the nurses response. In a comparison of patient and caregiver's perceived degrees of need, and need satisfaction, and nurse's perceived degree of need provision, patient and caregiver scores were lower than the nurses.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

The relationship between three phenological parameters and somatic embryogenesis was investigated during a two-year period. Staminodes and petals from six hybrids and two clones as controls were sowed on three distinct primary callus growth media. Flowering level, fructification level, and leaf thrusts rhythm as phenological parameters were measured simultaneously during the weekly harvest of flower buds. Mean and coefficient of variation of the measured parameters highlighted stable phenological phases. The relationship between phenological parameters and somatic embryogenesis was investigated first by comparing the variation of somatic embryogenesis and that of the phenological parameters, and second by using Pearson's linear correlation. Except for the fructification level in both control clones the first year, the other parameters recorded stable phenological phases, regardless of the genotype and year. Favorable and unfavorable phases for the somatic embryogenesis were identified. In hybrids, favorable phases included February, August, September, and October. In both control clones, time interval propitious to embryogenesis stretched from February to December. The significance of the coefficient of correlation seemed to establish a relationship between somatic embryogenesis and phenology. However, a causal link could not be established. Leaf thrusts rhythm was revealed to be the phenological parameter most linked to somatic embryogenesis. Attempts to optimize embryogenesis during unfavorable phases, showed that a correction of 2.4 D/TDZ concentration is not the solution.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.3124-3132
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• 2011

Scott transformers have widely used to convert three phases into two phases and compensate the unbalance. Theoretically, the loads of the two secondary phases are same, no unbalance appears in the PCC(point of common coupling). But Due to the uncertainty of traction load, the unbalance are generally presented at the PCC. In this paper The amount of the voltage unbalance is expressed in the ratio of the negative sequence voltages to the positive sequence voltage. We tried to compensate the unbalance using SVC(Static Var Compensator）in an unbalance traction loads state by modeling. The SVC are installed and controlled to provide different amounts of reactive power compensation.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.938-946
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• 2008

Fe-base amorphous alloy and two crystalline phases composite were fabricated. The effect of temperature and strain rate on mechanical properties was evaluated utilizing compression test. Mixture of non-crystalline and crystalline phases were found using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) tests. Based on glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature. compression tests were performed in the temperature ranging from $560^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$ with $20^{\circ}C$ interval. Relationship between microstructure, including fracture surface morphology, and mechanical behavior was studied. The peak stress of Fe-base amorphous alloy was over 2GPa and expected to have a good wear resistance, but it is expected hard to deform because of low ductility. The peak stress and elongation of two crystalline phases composite was over 1GPa and about 20%, therefore it is possible to deform high strength wear resistant materials such as engine valve.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.623-628
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• 1993

Lead monoxide has two phases at room temperature. One is a yellow orthorhombic phase, the other is a redtetragonal phase. Sometimes two phases are hybrided. The specificity of phase transitions of lead oxide is found during the milling of the batch including lead oxide. The pure orthorhombic phase of PbO can be transformed to the tetragonal phase perfectly by wet ball milling (milling liquid is distilled water) without thermal energy. However, when ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and aceton are used as milling liquid, respectively, the hybrid form of orthorhombic andtetragonal phases is obtained by wet ball milling. From the hybrid form heat-treated at $600^{\circ}C$ for 3hrs, this work results that mechanical phase transition of orthorhombic phase make a new form as distorted type orthorhombic phase of PbO.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 1997

This paper proposes a model for simulating concrete shrinkage taking into account aggregate restraint. In the model, concrete is regarded as a two-phase material based on shrinkage property. One is paste phase which undergoes shrinkage. Another is aggregate phase which is much more volumetrically stable. In the concrete, the aggregate phase is considered to restrain the paste shrinkage by particle interaction. Strain compatibility was derived under the assumption that there is no relative macroscopic displacement between both phases. Stresses on both phases were derived based on the shrinking stress of the paste phase and the resisting stress of the aggregate phase. Constitutive relation of paste phase was adopted from the study of Yomeyama, K. et al., and that of the aggregate phase was adopted from the author's particle contact density model. The equation for calculating concrete shrinkage considering aggregate restraint was derived from the equilibrium of the two phases. The concrete shrinkage was found to be affected by the free shrinkage of the paste phase, aggregate content and the stiffness of both phases. The model was then verified to be effective for simulating concrete shrinkage by comparing the predicted results with the autogeneous and drying shrinkage test results on mortar and concrete specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.745-756
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the clothing consumption expenditures by the business cycles in Korea during the period of first quarter of 1979 to second quarter of 1998. Business cycles were examined using data GNP from the National Accounts published by the Bank of Korea and clothing expenditures from the monthly statistics of Korea published by the National Statistical Office of Korea. Data were analyzed by regression analysis standard deviation sample cross-correlation coefficient and skewness statistics. The main results are as follows. 1. During the period of 1979.I-1998.II GNP and per-person consumption expenditures for clothing and shoes have continuously increased except during 1980 and the recent depression of the national economy. Clothing expenditures dropped severely during the two recent depression of the national economy. Clothing expenditure dropped severely during the two depression periods. Clothing expenditures were the highest in the fourth quarter and the lowest in the third quarter of the year. 2. According to the results of the regression analysis the business cycles had a significant influence on the clothing expenditures. the volatility of the clothing expenditure was 2.60 times higher than that of the business cycles. 3. Clothing expenditures displayed procyclical fluctuation and coincident movement to the business cycles. Also clothing expenditures showed an unsymmetric behavior over the expansion phases and contraction phases of the business cycles. That is the clothing expenditures increased slowly in the expansion phases and decreased quickly and severely in the contraction phases of the business cycles.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

A new two-phase non-boiling convective heat transfer correlation for turbulent flow $(Re_{SL}>4000)$ in vertical tubes with different fluid flow patterns and fluid combinations was developed using experimental data available from the literature. The correlation presented herein originates from a careful analysis of the major non-dimensional parameters affecting two-phase heat transfer. This model takes into account the appropriate contributions of both the liquid and gas phases using the respective cross-sectional areas occupied by the two phases. A total of 255 data points from three available studies (which included the four sets of data) were used to determine the curve-fitted constants in the improved correlation. The performance of the new correlation was compared with two-phase correlations from the literature, which were developed for specific fluid combinations.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to analyze and compare EMG activities of the pectoralis major, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and brachioradialis muscles during biceps curls using a VRT device and an elastic tubing. Fifteen male college students were recruited as subjects and they performed 10-RM and 20-RM biceps curls. For each load and device condition, the mean and peak normalized EMG levels during different phases of a biceps curl were computed. For each load and phase, paired t-test (p.05) was used to find the significant difference between two devices. ANOVA with repeated measures was also used to find the significant difference among phases in terms of EMG values for each muscle. For each load and device condition, the peak and mean EMG levels during different phases of a biceps curl were computed The significant differences between devices were found in biceps brachii for EA, MD, LD phases, and triceps brachii muscles for all phases, respectively. However, no differences were found among phases for any muscle. This indicated that elastic band could have a similar characteristics of VRT. High antagonistic muscle activity as a function of injury prevention which found particularly in VRT device may suggest that elastic tubing can be a safer training device than VRT. This also imply that elastic tubing could be very effective as a home exercise tool for rehabilitation patients and elderly people.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.362-368
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• 2005

Formation and thermal stability of a quasicrystalline phases in Al-Fe-Mo alloys were investigated by means of melt-spinning process and subsequent heat treatment test. Thermal decomposition and phase transformation process of the as-spun alloys were studied using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The melt-spun Al-Fe-Mo alloys contained an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase with a quasilattice constant of 0.457 nm. Icosahedral phase formed at a composition of $Al_{82.5}Fe_{14}Mo_{3.5}$ as a metastable phase during rapid solidification was transformed into the stable crystalline phases, cubic 1/0 approximant and monoclinic ${\lambda}$-phase, upon heating. A metastable icosahedral and cubic(a = 0.93 nm) phases in as-spun $Al_{65}Fe_{20}Mo_{15}$ alloy were decomposed into two cubic(a = 0.62, 0.31 nm) phases by heat treatment.