• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.174-196
• /
• 2021

Even though Sino-American relations of the Donald Trump era were perceived as predominately confrontational, with a symbolic trade war between the two, the scale of economic interdependencies between the United States and China results in either a need for collaboration or in serious losses on both sides in the case of lack of cooperation. The paper aims at analyzing economic relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China at the time of the Trump presidency. Analysis is based on the complex interdependence theory of Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. The main hypothesis analyzed in the paper states: Asymmetric interdependence between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America limits the scope, intensity and length of a trade war. For the sake of the paper, economic interdependence will be analyzed. Apart from the reference to the state of the art, the document analysis and descriptive statistics are to be applied in the paper.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.55-88
• /
• 2019

Our paper contributes to existing literature by empirically investigate the trade structure and trade performance between Korea and ASEAN. Overall, trade activities between Korea and almost major ASEAN economies have significantly focused on capital goods, medium and high technology goods, while the remaining ASEAN countries' exports over Korea have been mainly primary and low technology goods. There has been a higher complementarity in between Korea's exports and ASEAN's imports compared with between ASEAN's exports and Korea's imports. Estimation results show that ASEAN's GDP and income have larger impacts than those of Korea on aggregate trade flows as well as sectoral level between two sides. Additionally, geographical conditions are critical factors impeding Korea-ASEAN trade. Meanwhile, other factors in the estimation model have mixed impacts on components of Korea-ASEAN trade structure. Finally, there is a significant room for Korea's trade expansion with ASEAN, particularly new and less developed members in future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.912-916
• /
• 2018

Crawling robots are advantageous in overcoming obstacles. These robots have characteristics such as light weight and outstanding mobility. In case of large robots, they have difficulties passing narrow gaps or entering the cave. In this paper, we propose a milli-scale hexapedal robot using 4-bar linkages. Two conditions are necessary to enable efficient walking. In short, the trajectory of the foot must be elliptical, and the lowest point of the foot should be the same. These conditions are satisfied with a novel leg design. The robot has a pair of three legs and the legs are coupled to operate simultaneously. Each set of the legs are installed to robot's both sides and the legs satisfy the equal lowest foot point and elliptical trajectory. As a result, this hexapedal robot can crawl with 0.56m/s speed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.146-156
• /
• 2022

In this study, the dyeing properties of double knit fabric composed of PET/PTT bi-component fiber and quick dry fiber were examined with disperse dyes. In addition, the shrinkage characteristics were investigated during the dyeing process. The K/S values and shrinkage rate of PET/PTT bi-component fiber were higher than those of PET/co-PET bi-component fiber and quick dry fiber. In the dye bath, dye migration of exhausted on PET/PTT bi-component fiber to quick dry fiber was found at high dyeing temperature. It was not found that there was a significant difference in K/S value on dyeing temperature between 115℃ and 130℃. But the slight color difference of two sides of a double knit fabric was found.

• 중국학논총
• /
• no.70
• /
• pp.239-260
• /
• 2021

In this paper, a total of 4413 place names are collected to analyze the origin and structure of place names from the two categories of nature and humanity. In this collection, there are slightly more natural place-names than humanistic ones, and hydrological ones account for the largest proportion of natural place-names, reflecting the geographical characteristics of Leizhou Peninsula surrounded by sea on three sides. Most of the place names handed down from the feudal period were natural ones. In addition, most of the place names produced after the founding of the People's Republic of China are mainly humanistic place names. In the phonetic aspect of place names, there are still quite a few ancient Vietnamese place names that can be remembered because of oral transmission. With the progress of cultural and economic development, the further development of place names will be dominated by humanistic place names.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.29-44
• /
• 2022

This thesis is a study to Haengnang(行廊, a series of buildings) of Sijeon(市廛, licensed markets), which was built along with palaces, Jongmyo(宗廟) and roads in order to establish Hanyang(漢陽) as the capital of Joseon (朝鮮). Sijeon, built on Jongno and Namdaemun-ro, the main roads in Hanyang, created two-row lands on both sides of the road, and formed Pimat-gil as an inner road between the Jeonbang and Doga. The formation of the city proceeded along with the maintenance of the water path, and the situation of the water path parallel to the flow of Sijeon was achieved. The Sijeon building was a spatial structure managed by independent rooms as a result of reflecting the unique operation method of Sijeon. The Sijeon of Hanyang had an impact on the formation of land, architecture, roads, and waterways, and acted as a major factor in determining the urban spatial structure of Hanyang City.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2023

In this study, we developed a co-located and space-shared multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna module with a modular design and high integration level. The proposed antenna pair includes a half-wavelength loop antenna and a dipole-type antenna printed on the front and back sides of a compact modular board. Owing to their modal orthogonality, these two independent antenna elements are highly self-isolated and free of additional decoupling components, even though they are assembled at the same location and within the same space. Thus, the proposed antenna is attractive in 5G MIMO systems. Furthermore, the proposed co-located and space-shared MIMO antenna module was employed in a 5G smartphone to verify their radiation and diversity performances. A 12 × 12 MIMO antenna system was simulated and fabricated using the proposed module. Based on the results, the proposed module can be employed in large-scale MIMO antenna systems for current and future terminal devices owing to its high integration, compactness, simple implementation, and inherent isolation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2023.07a
• /
• pp.597-598
• /
• 2023

본 논문에서는 상용 소프트웨어나 웹, 앱, 클라우드 서비스 등 다양한 IT 서비스에서 취약점이 발생하는 근본적인 원인을 알아보고 그에 대한 효과적이고 미래지향적인 대응 방안을 제안한다. 이 대응 방안은 공개된 취약점들을 학습한 인공지능 모듈을 기존의 개발환경에 도입하는 것을 통해 개발 중인 서비스의 설계 문제에 대해 즉각적인 피드백을 줌으로서 작업 효율을 높이고 피드백한 취약점의 위험도를 함께 알려줌으로 혹여 미흡했을 수 있는 개발자의 기존 보안 의식 수준을 높여서 IT 시장에 전체적으로 긍정적인 영향을 끼칠 수 있을 것이라 보여진다. 이 과정을 통해 IT 보안 관점에서 인공지능의 양면성을 바라보고 점점 발전해 가는 인공지능 기술 앞에 우리가 각추어야할 자세를 제안하고자 한다.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.145-149
• /
• 2023

Agenesis or congenital hypoplasia of skeletal muscles occurs infrequently but may occur with specific conditions such as Poland syndrome. The trapezius muscle can vary in the extent of its bony attachments or may have additional slips, however congenital absence or hypoplasia is extremely rare. There are only a few reports of partial or complete absence of the trapezius muscle. Two cases of bilateral absence of the trapezius were both in males and were accompanied by the absence of additional muscle in the pectoral girdle. Herein, we describe a case of a 56-year-old male cadaver with bilateral hypoplasia of the trapezius. The muscle was largely represented by atrophied muscle fibers with an abundance of fibrotic or fatty connective tissue. This subject had very minor hypoplasia of the left pectoralis major muscle, but the remaining muscles of the pectoral girdle were normal. The spinal accessory nerve terminated in the sternocleidomastoid muscle on both sides, failing to reach the trapezius. We interpret these findings to be consistent with a minor variant of Poland syndrome.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2008

Effects of the Reynolds and Knudsen numbers on a micro-viscous pump are studied by using a Navier-Stokes code based on a finite volume method. The micro viscous pump consists of a circular rotor and a two-dimensional channel. The channel walls are treated by using a slip velocity model. The Reynolds number is studied in the range of $0.1{\sim}50$. The Knudsen number varies from 0.01 to 0.1. Numerical solutions show that the pump works efficiently when two counter rotating vortices formed on both sides of the rotor have the same size and intensity. As the Reynolds number increases, the size and intensity of the vortex on the inlet side of the pump decrease. It disappears when the Reynolds number is larger than about Re=20. The characteristics of the performance of the pump is shown to deteriorate, in terms of mean velocity and pressure rise, as the Reynolds number increases. The Knudsen number shows a different effect on the characteristics of the pump. As it increases, the mean velocity and pressure rise decrease but the characteristics of the vortex flow remains unchanged, unlike the effect of Reynolds number.