• Journal of Species Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.156-174
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• 2012

Monchenkocyclops gen. nov. was erected to accommodate M. changi sp. nov. from South Korea (type species), M. mirabdullayevi sp. nov. from Kazakhstan, M. biarticulatus (Monchenko, 1972) comb. nov. from Uzbekistan, and M. biwensis (Ishida, 2005) comb. nov. from Japan. The latter species was originally described from surface-water habitats of the ancient Lake Biwa in the genus Diacyclops Kiefer, 1927, while two Central Asian species were previously collected from groundwater habitats and assigned to the genus Acanthocyclops Kiefer, 1927. Monchenkocyclops changi is also found in subterranean waters, and described here in detail. It is morphologically most similar to its Uzbek congener (not to the Japanese one), which rises some interesting zoogeographical questions about the disjunct distribution of this genus. Range fragmentation is a more plausible explanation for this distribution pattern than range expansion, and we emphasize four lines of evidence that support this hypothesis. Four species of Monchenkocyclops share not only the same segmentation of the swimming legs, but also the exact same armature formula of all swimming legs, in addition to many other morphological characters, such as the caudal rami shape and armature, absence of exopod on the antenna, similar shape of the seminal receptacle, fifth leg, etc. They can be distinguished mostly by the relative length of different armature elements, such as the innermost terminal caudal setae, and inner setae and apical spines on the third endopodal segment of the fourth leg. A dichotomous key to species is provided.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.1-9
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• 1993

A human gait study is required for the biomechanical design of running shoes. A tow-dimensional dynamic model was developed in order to analyze lower extremity kinematics and loadings at the right ankle, knee, and hip joints. The dynamic model consists of three segments, the upper leg, the lower leg, and the foot. Each segment was assumed to be a rigid body with one or two frictionless hinge joints. The lower extremity motion was assumed to be planar in the sagittal plane. A young male subject was involved in the gait test and his anthropometric data were measured for the calculation of segement mass and moment of inertia. The experimental data were obtained from three trials of walking at 1.2m/s. The foot-floor reaction data were measured from a Kistler force plate. The kinematic data were acquired using a three-dimensional motion measurement system (Expert Vision) with six markers, five of which were placed on the right lower extremity segments and the rest one was attached to the force plate. Based on the model and experimental data for the stance phase of the right foot, the calculated vertical forces reached up to 492, 540, and 561 N at the hip, knee, ankle joints, respectively. The flexion-extension moments reached up to 155, 119, and 33 Nm in magnitude at the corresponding joints.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 1997

When designing workplaces or arranging controls on panel, devices and controls should be placed within the reach of operator's arm or foot to guarantee effective performances. Most of the existing research on the reach volume were based on measurements of a few subject's arm reach, and limited to Caucasian and Chinese populations. Furthermore, reach volume considering foot or trunk motion have not been investigated. Range of human joint motion and that of two degrees of freedom motion are needed to generate reach volume analytically using the sweeping algorithm. However, range of two degrees of freedom motion has not been measured up to now. Therefore, range of two degrees of freedom motion was measured in this research, where 47 college students were participated voluntarily as subjects. The results showed that the motion of one joint can be limited by the motion of another motion, that is to say, the shoulder flexion was decreased significantly when the shoulder was adducted or abducted. Second, new approximate algorithms generating reach volumes were suggested, in which range of two degrees of freedom motion was used as input data. Depending upon the body segment included such as trunk, arm and leg, three types of reach volume were provided, in which the human body was modeled as a multilink system based on the robot kinematics and the sweeping method was employed. Reach volume generated analytically in this study showed statistically reasonable results when compared with that obtained from direct measurement.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

All copepodid stages and free-swimming adults of Ergasilus hypomesi Yamaguti collected from plankton samples from a brackish lake in Korea are described. The antennule remains a four-segmented appendage until copepodid V. The antenna of copepodid I carries a vestigial exopod. Sexual dimorphism first appears at copepodid IVwhose males bear primodial maxillipeds. Leg 5 also is sexually dimorphic from copepodid IV onwards, with its free segment bearing three setae in the female and two setae in the male. Morphological features of some appendages appearing during copepodid development are discussed. It is noticed that the early copepodids of the Ergasilidae show the characteristic setation on the biramous legs and proximal segments of the antennule.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.267-280
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• 2004

Three new species of Collocheres are described as associates of crinoid and ophiuroid echinoderms from Cheju Island, Korea: Collocheres brevipes n. sp. from the crinoids Comanthus solaster A. H. Clark and Decametra tigrina (A. H. Clark); C. solidus n. sp. from two species of the crinoids Comanthus solaster and Comanthus japonicus (Muller) and one species of ophiuroid-Ophiomastax mixta (Lutken); and C. tamladus n. sp. from the crinoid Catoptometra rubroflava (A. H. Clack). The three species are distinguished from one another and other congeners by the body size, dimension of caudal ramus and free segment of leg 5, and shape and ornamentation of urosome.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.spc
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• pp.8-14
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• 2017

Taeniacanthid copepods Anchistrotos kojimensis Do and Ho, 1983 were collected from the branchial cavities of stichaeid fish, Ernogrammus hexagrammus (Schlegel) and yellowfin goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck and Schlegel) in Korean waters. Here, we provide the first description of a male of Anchistrotos Do and Ho, 1983. A close comparison of the specimens of A. kojimensis collected from Korea with the original description revealed differences in the adult female: (1) the caudal ramus bears seven setae (seta I minute); (2) the maxillule with small knob-like process anteriorly; (3) leg 5 ornamented with patched spinules distally and having row of spinules at base of each spine and distal seta. The first description of the adult male reveals the following features: (1) the distal abdominal somite had rows of spinules anteriorly and near insertion of each caudal ramus; (2) the postantennal process is more elongate than in the female; (3) the basis of maxilliped is with two prosimomedial setae, two longitudinal rows of stout denticles found on posteromedial surface and row of spinules on anteromedial surface; and (4) the second endopodal segment is a strongly curved claw, with a row of stout denticles along a concave margin, two long and one small setae.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.99-117
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• 2015

The Stonecutters Bridge (SCB) in Hong Kong is the third-longest cable-stayed bridge in the world with a main span stretching 1,018 m between two 298 m high single-leg tapering composite towers. A Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS) is being implemented on SCB by the Highways Department of The Hong Kong SAR Government, and the SCB-WASHMS is composed of more than 1,300 sensors in 15 types. In order to establish a linkage between structural health monitoring and maintenance management, a Structural Health Rating System (SHRS) with relevant rating tools and indices is devised. On the basis of a 3D space frame finite element model (FEM) of SCB and model updating, this paper presents the development of an SHR-oriented 3D multi-scale FEM for the purpose of load-resistance analysis and damage evaluation in structural element level, including modeling, refinement and validation of the multi-scale FEM. The refined 3D structural segments at deck and towers are established in critical segment positions corresponding to maximum cable forces. The components in the critical segment region are modeled as a full 3D FEM and fitted into the 3D space frame FEM. The boundary conditions between beam and shell elements are performed conforming to equivalent stiffness, effective mass and compatibility of deformation. The 3D multi-scale FEM is verified by the in-situ measured dynamic characteristics and static response. A good agreement between the FEM and measurement results indicates that the 3D multi-scale FEM is precise and efficient for WASHMS and SHRS of SCB. In addition, stress distribution and concentration of the critical segments in the 3D multi-scale FEM under temperature loads, static wind loads and equivalent seismic loads are investigated. Stress concentration elements under equivalent seismic loads exist in the anchor zone in steel/concrete beam and the anchor plate edge in steel anchor box of the towers.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2014

Nakcyguri is one of the offensive weapons most often used in Taekkyon games, The purpose of this study was to investigate kinetic factors on two types of Nakcyguri, one of which uses hip bending and the other uses little it. 12 taekkyoners (males) who are the students of Y University participated in this study. They have been practicing on Taekkyon for five years or more. Positions of CoM, the elapsed time of each phase, ROM of joint and segment angles, ground reaction forces, joint moments of supporting leg were analyzed for this study. The results were as follows; in Nakcyguri with hip bending than without hip bending, anterior/posterior ROM of pelvis, head and swing foot were larger by flexing-extending more, and both vertical and posterior components of GRF were larger during phase 4. It was considered that hip bending produced posterior momentum as well as vertical momentum of trunk during Nakcyguri. In conclusion hip bending was essential and so useful to the successful attack.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.75-83
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the kinematic characteristics of the ankle joint and RPM(repetition per minutes) during the supra maximal training in cycling. For this study, 8 national representative cyclists, distance cyclists in track and road, were selected. During the super-maximum pedalling, kinematic data were collected using a six-camera(240Hz) Qualisys system. the room coordinate system was right-handed and fixed in the back of a roller for cycle, with right-handed orthogonal segment coordinate systems defined for the leg and foot. Lateral kinematic data were recorded at least for 3 minutes while the participants pedal on a roller. Two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates for each marker were determined at the time of recording using a nonlinear transformation technique. Coordinate data were low-pass filtered using a fourth-order Butterworth recursive filter with cutoff frequency of 15Hz. Variables analyzed in this study were compared using a one factor(time) ANOVA with repeated measures. The results of investigation suggest that the number of rotating pedal was decreased with time phase during the super-maximum pedaling. Maximum angle of the ankle joint showed little in change with time phase compared with minimum angle of that.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2013

In this study, the distribution of Cantao ocellatus in Korea occurred at Jindo, Tongyoung, Gwangju and Taean including Jejudo in 2012 and was coincidentally in accordance with the distribution of Mallotus japonicus as a host plant. The adult emerges in M. japonicus occur from late June to early July and can be observed until the end of October. The investigation of the female and male was measured, developmental characteristics, host plant and oviposition preference under the conditions of temperature $25^{\circ}C({\pm}2)$, humidity 65%(${\pm}2$), day length 16L:8D, by indoor breeding. For females and males respectively, average body lengths were 26.20 mm and 23.88 mm, body widths 11.35 mm and 10.57 mm, head widths 3.84 mm and 3.64 mm, probosics lengths 7.90 mm and 7.27 mm, antennal lengths 9.87 mm and 9.69 mm, anterior leg lengths 12.50 mm and 12.27 mm, intermediate leg lengths 14.61 mm and 13.12 mm, posterior leg lengths 16.90 mm and 16.53 mm, and fresh weights 0.46 g and 0.31 g. It was seen that two kinds of C. ocellatus had prickles at the end of the pronotum which had developed in the fifth instars. The female is distinguished from the male by the reproductive organ and the spotted pattern on the abdominal segment. The preference of drinks was fruit, leafstalk, midrib, and branch in Mallotus japonicus (Thunb.) Muell. Arg., Mallotus japonicus 'Variegatus', Ricinus communis L., Lonicera japonicus var. repens (Siebold) Rehder, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino.