• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.693-698
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• 2001

An experimental study was carried out with an aerated nozzle. This nozzle was well known that the performance of the atomization is better than other ones even though the supplied air pressure is lower than that of them. The purpose of this investigation is to provide the essential information of the aerated nozzle from the nozzle exit. The experimental work was performed in order to analyze the characteristics of the overall flow field from the nozzle exit. The 2-D PDPA system was used to acquire the data in the concerned region. The characteristics of the mean velocity distribution, half-width, and SMD were mainly analyzed. Also the correlation between turbulent kinetic energy and SMD was described with ALR.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.251-265
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• 2006

To prevent the ozonosphere from being destroyed by Halon, it is an urgent task to find out Halon replacement. As one of the replacements water mist have showed broad applications by its advantages: little pollution to environment (not destroying the ozone layer or bring green house effect), extinguishing fire quickly, consuming a small quantity of water and having little damage to the protected objects. The methods of generating water mist strongly influence fire suppression effectiveness, which determine the cone angle, drop size distribution, flux uniformity, and momentum of the generating spray. The traditional water mist nozzle included pressure jet nozzles, impingement nozzles and twin-fluid nozzles. All of them have more or less disadvantages for fire suppression. Therefore, many research institutes and corporations are taking up with innovations in mist generation. This article provided some recent studies in State Key Laboratory of Fire Science (SKLFS) of University of Science and Technology of China. SKLFS have investigated new methods of generating water mist (i.e. effervescent atomization and ultrasonic atomization). and self developed a series of nozzles and developed advanced DPIVS (Digital Particle Image Velocimetry and Sizing) technique. Characteristics of water mist (the distribution of droplet sizes, flux density, spray dynamics and cone angle) produced by these nozzles were measured under different conditions (work pressure, nozzle geometry, etc.) using LDV/APV and DPTVS systems. A series of experiments were performed to study the fire suppression effectiveness in different fire scenario (different kindsof the fuel, fire size and ventilation conditions). The fire extinguishing mechanisms of water mist was also discussed.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.3377-3385
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• 1994

This paper introduces empirical correlations to obtain the gas/liquid flow rates and the spray drop size of low viscosity liquid injected by Y-jet twin-fluid atomizers. The gas flow rate is well correlated with the gas injection pressure and the mixing point pressure, based on the compressible flow theory. Similarly, the liquid flow rate is determined by the liquid injection pressure and the mixing point pressure, and a simple correlation for the liquid discharge coefficient at the liquid port was deduced from the experimental results. The mixing point pressure, which is one of the essential parameters, was expressed in terms of the gas/liquid flow rate ratio and the mixing port length. Disintegration and atomization mechanisms both within the mixing port and outside the atomizer were carefully re-examined, and a "basic" correlation form representing the mean diameter of drops was proposed. The "basic" correlation was expressed in terms of the mean gas density within the mixing port, gas/liquid mass flow rate ratio and the Weber number. Though the correlation is somewhat complicated, it represents the experimental data within an accuracy of ${\pm}15%$.EX>${\pm}15%$.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2002년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.98-103
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• 2002

초음파 비가진 시인 상용분무와 초음파가진 시인 개질분무, 간접진동분무, 간접진동 및 개질의 겸용분무의 네가지 경우 모두에서 분무액적의 평균직경 및 SMD가 전 영역에 걸쳐서 노즐 글에서 분무방향으로 멀어질수록 조금씩 증가했으며, 또한 초음파 비 가진시인 상용분무 경우가 초음파 가진 세경우에 비해 크게 나타났다. 초음파 가진 세가지 경우에서는 간접진동 및 개질법 겸용의 경우에서 분무액적의 미세화가 가장 우세하게 나타났다. 이는 초음파가 분무 축방향 전영역에 걸쳐서 분무액적의 미세화에 친화적임을 입증한다. 나. 분무 방향 축에서 반경 방향으로 갈수록 분무 액적의 평균 직경과 SMD는 감소하고 있으며, 반경방향 전 영역에 걸쳐서 상용 분무시의 액적이 가장 크게, 초음파겸용 경우에서 가장 작게 나타나고 있다. 이는 초음파가 분무 내부 전 영역에 걸쳐 액적의 미세화에 친화적임을 증명한다. 다. 분무액적의 크기에 따른 분무 분포도 비교에서 네가지 경우 모두에서 축 방향 거리가 멀수록 분무액적의 크기가 다소 증가함을 보였고, 축에서 반경 방향으로는 분무액적의 크기가 다소 감소함을 보이고 있다. 상용 분무와 초음파 분무의 비교에서 초음파 겸용 가진시는 상용 분무 때 보다 분무 영역 전반에 걸쳐서 미세화가 뚜렷이 우세함을 보였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

Experimental and analytical researches have been conducted on the twin-fluid atomizers for better droplet breakup during the past decades. But, the studies on the disintegration mechanism still present a great challenge to understand the drop behavior and breakup structure. In an effort to describe the aerodynamic behavior of the sprays issuing from the internal mixing counter-swirling nozzle, the spatial distribution of axial (U) radial (V) and tangential (W) components of droplet velocities are investigated across the radial distance at several axial locations of Z=30, 50, 80, 120 and 170mm, respectively. Experiments were conducted for the liquid flow rates which was kept constant at 7.95 g/s and the air injection pressures were varied from 20 kPa to 140 kPa. Counter-swirling internal mixing nozzles manufactured at angles of $15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ the central axis with axi-symmetric tangential-drilled holes was considered. The distributions of velocities and turbulence intensities are comparatively analyzed. PDPA is installed to specify spray flows, which have been conducted along the axial downstream distance from the nozzle exit. Ten thousand of sampling data was collected at each point with time limits of 30 second. 3-D automatic traversing system is used to control the exact measurement. It is observed that the sprays with all swirl angle have the maximum SMD for on air injection pressure of 20 kPa and 140 kPa with centerline, respectively. The nozzle with swirl angle of $60^{\circ}$ has vest performance.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.618-629
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• 1991

The purpose of this experiment is to understand the distribution of coal particles inside CWM droplet which is believed to be a very important factor controlling the flame stability. CWM slurry is atomized by an air assisted twin fluid nozzle. An experimental rig is designed and fabricated. The mean size of coal particle distribution in CWM slurry, atomizing air pressure, coal particle loading in slurry and sampling position inside spray are main experimental variables. The atomized CWM droplets are sampled on the thin white layer of magnesium oxide by the emergency sampling shutter. The sampled coal particles on magnesium oxide layers are collected into test tubes and dispersed completely by Ultra-Sonicator. The size distribution of coal particles inside droplets are measured by Coulter Counter. The presence of coal particle inside the impressions of droplets on magnesium oxide layer are investigated by photo technique. There are quite many droplets which do not have any coal particles. Those are just water droplets, not CWM droplets. The population ratio of droplets without coal particles to toal number of droplets is strongly affected by the mean size of coal particle distribution in slurry and this ration becomes bigger number as the mean size of coal particles be larger. The size distribution of coal particles inside CWM droplets is not even and depends on the size of droplet. Experimental results show that the larger CWM droplets has droplets has bigger mean value of particle size distribution. This trend becomes more evident as the atomizing air pressure is raised and the mean size of coal particles in CWM slurry is bigger. That is, the distribution of coal particles inside CWM dropolets is very much affected by the atomizing air pressure and the mean size of pulverized coal particles in CWM slurry.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 영양과 건강, 그리고 편의성까지 고려한 즉석식품 형태의 쌀미음을 제조하였다. 제조된 쌀미음 분말의 영양성분 구성비를 일반성분 분석을 통하여 분석 하였고, 과립공정에 따른 재수화능의 향상을 연구하였다. 과립분말은 혼합분말보다 지방함량과 단백질 함량이 각각 0.9, 1.9% 높게 나타난 반면, 탄수화물 함량은 상대적으로 3.2% 낮게 나타났다. 과립분말의 단백질 조성은 71.1-118.5 g으로 1일 권장 단백질 섭취량 45-55 g보다 많았는데, 이는 일반적인 환자식이 지니는 공통적인 특성이다. 분말 입자의 침강 속도를 보여주는 분산성의 경우 과립분말(93.7%)은 혼합분말(77.0%) 보다 높게 나타났고, 재수화에 걸리는 시간도 과립분말(122.3 초)이 혼합분말(305.3 초)보다 빨랐으며 이들 결과는 과립공정이 분말의 재수화능을 향상시켜 주었음을 보여준다. 호화쌀가루를 이용한 쌀미음은 기존의 우유 단백질 위주의 환자식을 곡류로 대체하며 영양강화 쌀 가공제품의 개발에 의미가 있다.