• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2009

The oscillation is very dangerous in bundled transmission lines, besides 4 bundle transmission lines are very weak for subspan oscillations. In some cases, subspan oscillations are continuously occurred in the same subspan. In order to develop the control method of the above subspan oscillation, this paper suggests a method of applying twin spacers to the subspans. We have carried out some tests to analyze the oscillation phenomena after installing twin spacers on 4 bundle overhead lines, and we got a good effect for controling subspan oscillations by installing twin spacers.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.04b
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• pp.200-202
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• 2008

The oscillation is very dangerous in bundled transmission lines, especially 345kV 4 bundle transmission lines are very weak for subspan oscillations. In some cases, subspan oscillations are continuously occurred in the same subspan. In order to develop the control method of the above subspan oscillation, this paper suggests a method of applying twin spacers to the subspans. We have carried out some tests to analyze the oscillation phenomena after installing twin spacers on 34sky real lines, and we got a good effect for controling subspan oscillations.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.562-569
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• 2001

A homologous series of new H-shaped twin liquid crystal molecules (PPPA-n) with flexible spacers, oxypolymethyleneoxy, has been prepared by esterification of acid chloride of $\alpha$,$\omega$-bis(2,5-dicar-boxyphenoxy) alkanes with p-phenylphenol. The length of spacer was varied from oxyethyleneoxy (n=2) to oxydecamethyleneoxy (n=10). Their thermodynamic data were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and liquid crystalline properties were investigated by a hot-stage polarizing microscope.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.679-695
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• 1998

A series of ${\alpha}{\omega}-bis[4-(4'-(S)-(+)-2-methylbutylbiphenyl-4-carboxy)phenoxy]alkanes$, were synthesized, and their thermal and liquid crystalline properties were studied. The chain length of the central polymethylene spacers, x, of the chiral twin compounds was varied from 3 to 12. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis (DSC), and crosspolarized microscopy. All compounds were found to be enantiotropic liquid crystalline, and the values of melting $(T_m)$ and isotropization temperature $(T_i)$ as well as ${\delta}H_I$ and ${\delta}S_I$ decreased in a zig-zag fashion, revealing the so called odd-even effect as x increased. Their mesomorphic properties fell into four categories depending upon x; (a) compounds with x=3, 4 and 5 formed only a cholesteric phase on heating, while on cooling they went through two transitions of isotropic (I)-to-cholesteric (Ch) and Ch-to-smectic $A\;(S_A)$ phases before crystallization. (b) compounds with x=6, 8 and 10 exhibited only a cholesteric phase both on heating and on cooling. (c) compounds with x=7 and 9 went through three transitions of crystal $(C)-to-S_A,\;S_A-to-Ch,$ and Ch-to-I phases on heating while on cooling they went through four transitions of I-to-Ch, $Ch-to-S_A,\;S_A-to-Smectic\;C\;(S_C),\;and\;S_c-to-C$ phases in that order, and (d) compounds with x=11 and 12 went reversibly through four transitions of $C-to-S_C,\;S_C-to-S_A,\;S_A-to-Ch,$ and Ch-to-I phases.