• 환경생물
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2015

본 연구는 낙동강 본류에 서식하는 Pectinatella magnifica의 출현양상을 조사하기 위해 발생시기인 2014년 7월~11월 동안 기본 분포조사와 출현밀도가 높은 지역을 대상으로 집중조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 낙동강 본류 구간 내 Pectinatella magnifica의 부착기질은 인공적으로 형성된 기질에서 12.3%, 자연기질에서 87.7%로써 자연기질에서 매우 높게 확인되었으나 자연기질에 포함된 식물군락의 특정 종에 따른 선호하는 정도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반면 본 조사 결과에서는 고착대상으로 하는 기질의 분포 정도의 차이는 P. magnifica의 분포 차이에 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여주었다. 그러므로 태형동물이 선호하는 출현기질의 증가는 P. magnifica의 성장 및 분포에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 하나로써 작용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 1980

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 떫은감 8품종(品種)과 단감 5품종(品種)에 대하여 1977~1978년(年) 겨울동안에 내한성(耐寒性)이 가장 약(弱)한 부위(部位), 동해(凍害)를 가장 많이 받는 시기(時期), 또한 단감과 떫은감 품종간(品種間)의 내한성(耐寒性)의 차이(差異)를 알고자 감나무 당년지(当年枝)의 동아(冬芽), 형성층(形成層), 재부유조직(材部柔組織), 부위별(部位別)로 77년(年)10월(月)26일(日), 78년(年) 1월(月)26일(日)과 3월(月)26일(日)에 시기별(時期別)로 내한성도(耐寒性度)가 측정(測定)되었다. 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 한겨울과 초봄에 가장 내한성(耐寒性)이 약(弱)한 부위(部位)는 동아(冬芽)였다. 2. 동아(冬芽)의 내한성(耐寒性)을 기준(基準)으로 단감 품종(品種)들은 떫은감 품종(品種)들보다 내한성(耐寒性)이 낮았다. 형성층(形成層)이나 재부유조직(材部柔組織)의 내한성(耐寒性)에 있어서는 위 두 품종(品種)들 사이에 일정(一定)한 차이(差異)가 없었다. 3. 동아(冬芽)가 가장 피해(被害)을 받기 쉬운 시기(時期)는 만상(晩霜) 일어나는 초봄인 것으로 나타났다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권4호통권139호
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• pp.288-292
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• 2004

To evaluate the quality of the crude drugs using three kinds of Cinnamomum Cortex (CC), Vietnamese CC (VCC, the stem bark of Cinnamomum obtusifolium), periderm-peeled Chinese CC (PPCC, periderm-peeled stem bark of C. cassia), Chinese CC (CCC, stem bark of C. cassia) and a Cinnamomi Ramulus (CR, the twig of C. cassia), the four essential oils were prepared by steam distillation method. Cinnamaldehdye (CAN) and an unknown substance tentatively named hydroxy-cinnamaldehdye(HCNA) were detected in the four essential oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the contents of which are significantly different one another. Vietnamese CC had the highest content of HCNA whereas CR had the highest CAN content and the lowest HCNA. Vietnamese CC exhibited the greatest cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines, A549, HepG-2, HL-60, P-388, U-937, and KB and CR the lowest cytotoxicity. Contents of CAN and HCNA in CCC and PPCC are positioned between VCC and CR. These results suggest that measurement of HCNA and cytotoxicity may determine the quality of CC and CR.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

To clarify the reproductive function of vibration signals in Hynobius, which has externally fertilized eggs, we quantitatively analyzed the body and tail undulations of male Korean salamanders (Hynobius leechii) in sixteen mating events. One large and one small male, and one female were used in each mating event. We analyzed behaviors recorded over a total of 3 hrs for each mating event; 2 hrs before and 1 hr after female's oviposition. Males touched females using their snouts or body trunk throughout the entire mating periods, but females touched males increasingly more after approximately 1 hr before oviposition. Males conducted body undulations more than 50 times per 10 minutes at a mean frequency of 0.64 Hz. Large males conducted more body undulations than small males, particularly on the tree twig where females attached their egg sacs. Males responded to other males' body undulation throughout the mating period by orienting their head towards, approaching, and touching the undulating male. Females only responded for about 10-20 min before ovipositing, and most responses were directed to the large male's body undulation. Males conducted tail undulations 3.0 times per 10 min at a mean frequency of 1.7 Hz and most tail undulations occurred after one male bit the other male. These results suggest that body undulations function in both male-female and male-male interactions, while tail undulations mainly functions in male-male competition. Also, male H. leechii appear to actively attract females, while females respond to the males only at times close to oviposition.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2017

Populus. caspica L. is an Iranian indigenous poplar species which naturally distributed in the northern part of country. Unfortunately, overuse has removed many of the stems of better form, so that natural stands now usually appear small and crook. Therefore genetic variation for selection of new superior clone of this species is needed. Conventional hybridization system is currently used to induce genetic variation in poplar species but incompatibility barriers have been observed between them. In vitro ovule embryo culture was used to overcome incompatibility obstacle for interspecific hybridization between Populus caspica L. with Populus deltoids L.62/75. Female flowers of Populus caspica L. have artificially been pollinated with pollen grain of P. deltoides 62/75 in one direction using twig and pot crossing system. Ovaries at different ages (7, 14 and 21 days after pollination) were disinfected through 70% ethanol for 1 minute, 5% of sodium-hypochlorite solution for fifteen min followed by three time rising with sterile distil-water. Isolated ovaries were then transferred to MS hormone free medium containing 30 and 60 g/L sucrose for embryo development and germination. Collected data have been analyzed by two factorial experimental designs. The results indicated that there were significant differences between age of embryos for development and germination at ${\alpha}=0.01%$. Highest embryo germination (45%) was observed from 21 days old ovaries. No significant differences were observed between MS culture media containing 30 and 60 g/L for percentages of ovary-embryo germination and number of germinated embryo per ovary at ${\alpha}=0.05%$. Fourteen percentage of embryo germination obtained in MS medium supplemented with 60 g/L sucrose, while only 35% of isolated ovaries were able to germinate in MS containing 30 g/L sucrose. Induced plantlets in 4 cm height were transferred into pots containing soilless (1:1:1 peat, per lit and vermiculite) medium for acclimatization. After successful acclimatization, plants were delivered to nursery.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.204-206
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• 2007

2006년에서 2007년까지 2년간 자연상태에서 월동후 식물체 부위별 단감 탄저병의 병원균 분리비율을 조사하기 위해 병든 가지의 병반과 눈, 죽은 가지, 잎자루, 잎, 건전한 가지와 눈, 월동한 과실 등에서 조사를 하였다. 4월에 조사한 결과 병든 가지의 병반에서 93.3% 분리되었으며, 병든 가지 눈에서 46.7% 분리되었으며, 죽은 가지에서 36.7% 병원균이 분리되었다. 잎자루에서 23.3% 분리되었으며, 잎에서 16.7% 분리가 되었으며, 낙과된 과실에서 6.7% 분리되었지만 건전한 가지와 눈에서는 병원균이 분리되지 않았다. 그러나 생육중에 가지, 잎, 잎자루, 과실에 발생한 병든 부위에서는 병원균이 100%분리되었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2002

용천뽕을 수원지방에서 비닐피복 밀식재배법으로 관리한 경우의 재배학적 특성은 다음과 같으며 동해발생시의 육잠 성과의 몇가지 예를 고찰하였다. 1. 춘기 탈포기는 개량뽕보다 3일 빠르나 5개엽기는 동일한 중생뽕이고 춘잠기 수확 당시 신소장은 길다. 2. 용천뽕의 수량은 개량뽕보다 춘잠기에 많고 추잠기에는 적은 춘형이다. 3. 용천뽕은 개량뽕보다 가지수가 약간 많고 지조장도 길어서 가지뽕치기에 적합하다. 4. 용천뽕은 뽕나무 눈마름병과 줄기마름병에 약간 강하고 오갈병에 다소 약하다. 5. 용천뽕은 내동성이 극히 강하여 동해상습지에 적합하며, 연도간의 육잠규모를 안정적으로 유지할수 있는 경영상의 이점이 있다. 춘천지방에서의 육잠성과에 있어서 동해의 빈도가 2년 1회의 경우에는 용천뽕이 개량뽕보다 11%증수 효과가 있었으며, 3년 1회 빈도의 경우는 두 품종이 비슷하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2013

Home-made soy sauces with or without Hovenia dulcis Thunb (Hutgae) originated from different parts such as fruits, stems, and twigs were prepared according to the Korean traditional procedure. Soy sauces supplemented with Hutgae were evaluated for their activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), free amino acid profiles, and sensory quality. All soy sauce types containing Hutgae had a strong DPPH activity as compared to the general type of soy sauce without Hutgae (GSC). Among Hutgae groups, DPPH activities of soy sauce supplemented with Hutgae stems was higher than that of soy sauces with either Hutgae fruits or twigs. ADH activities of soy sauces with Hutgae ranged from 14% to 55%, thus indicating that the functional activity of Hutgae was not altered during soy sauce preparations. Total free amino acid content of GSC was 295.5 mg%, and that of soy sauce with Hutgae fruits (346.8 mg%) was the highest when compared to Hutgae stems (272.3 mg%) and Hutgae twigs (225.6 mg%). In amino acid profiles, aspartate, arginine, histidine, and lysine levels were higher in soy sauces with Hutgae compared to GSC, whereas isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine levels were lower. Particularly, high levels of aspartate, glutamate, threonine, and lysine were presented in Hutgae twigs, whereas for Hutgae fruits and Hutgae stems, the levels of serine, glycine and arginine, and proline and methionine were high, respectively. According to sensory evaluations, Hutgae stems were preferred than GSC, due to the lower offensive smell and higher umami tastes. These findings demonstrate that soy sauce with Hutgae stems has potential protective effects against hangovers, improves the taste, and implies a possible functional ingredient.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1253-1259
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• 2001

Three cassava varieties, namely MM 92 (MM), Black Twig (BT) and Local (LC), were arranged in a randomized complete block design to evaluate their dry fodder and crude protein (CP) productivity as well as growth persistency. Cassava plants grown in small plots of $5m{\times}10m$ at a planting distance of $25cm{\times}25cm$ were harvested every 6 weeks starting from 3 months after planting. Dry fodder yields of MM, BT and LC over the 8 harvests were 8.55, 8.01 and 6.15 t/ha, respectively. All varieties produced more leaves than stems with average leaf:stem ratios of 5, 5.9 and 4.8 for MM, BT and LC, respectively. In terms of CP production, MM was the highest yielder (272 kg/ha/harvest), followed by BT and LC (238 and 184 kg/ha/harvest, respectively). The total accumulative CP amounts over the 8 harvests were 2179, 1903 and 1474 kg/ha for MM, BT and LC, respectively. The mortality rates were 9.91, 14.01 and 13.98% for MM, BT and LC, respectively. Phosphorus content was more stable than potassium content during defoliation. MM, BT and LC had whole plant phosphorus contents of 0.41, 0.41 and 0.39%, respectively; whole plant potassium contents were 1.25, 1.38 and 1.20%.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 1975

경기도(京畿道) 내(內) 4지역에서 1975년 3월 2일에 채취된 밤나무 10 품종(品種)에 대한 내한성도(耐寒性度)의 품종 및 부위별(部位別) 차이를 알기 위해 본 실험을 하였다. 저온(低溫) 및 해영온도(解永溫度) 처리(處理) 속도(速度)를 자연상태와 비슷한 시간당(時間當) $6^{\circ}C$ 보다 더 천천히 조절하였다. 부위별(部位別) 내한성도(耐寒性度)의 순위는 모든 품종에 있어서 동아(冬芽), 형성층(形成層), 재부유조직(材部柔組織) 및 피층(皮層)의 순위(順位)로 증가 하였다. 품종 간(間)의 내한성도의 순위는 줄기의 부위에 따라 일정치 않았으나 품종단택(品種丹澤)(단지와)은 예외적으로 모든 부위(部位)에 있어서 가장 높은 내한성도를 보였다. 가장 내한성도가 높은 품종을 발견하는데 있어서 부위별 내한성도의 계절적 변화(變化)에 관한 연구의 필요성에 관하여 고찰되었다.