• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.103-113
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• 2009

목적 : 기경팔맥의 임상활용을 위하여 기경팔맥의 개요와 기경팔맥을 이용한 침 치료법의 장점과 기존의 침 치료와의 차이점을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 기경팔맥의 기원과 학문적 이론의 체계를 알아보기 위하여 한국학술정보(주)를 통해 검색한 국내 논문 9편을 참고하고, 기경팔맥을 이용한 치료법에 관한 국내외 서적 2편을 수집하였다. 또한 MedLine에서 기경팔맥을 이용한 치험례와 임상연구에 대해 영어로 작성된 논문 2편을 소개하였다. 결론 : 기경팔맥을 이용하면 정경 치료와 달리, 통증 등의 실체가 있는 질환에 대해 즉각적인 효과를 보이는 치료를 소수의 혈자리 자침으로써 간편하게 행할 수 있다. 또한 병증과 경락 유주 사이의 공간적 불일치가 있거나, 복잡한 정황으로 인해 사진(四診)을 통한 변증이 어려운 경우에 팔맥교회혈 또는 영구팔법 등의 기경팔맥을 이용한 치료를 사용할 수 있다.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.601-607
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• 1999

The human body consists of the twelve main meridians and the eight extra meridians including Dogmaek-Gyeong and Immaek-Gyeong. This study is on twenty-eight acupuncture points Dogmaek-Gyeong and twenty-four acupuncture points Immaek-Gyeong among the eight extra meridians. It is very important to know the accurate acupuncture points, which is the fundamental subject in the Oriental Medicine. From now on they have expressed in Chinese letters and old anatomical terms, acupuncture points are difficult and confused to learn. In order to understand acupuncture points easily, they are translated into Korean anatomical terms focused on osteology in this study. Dogmaek-Gyeong is the meridian of this vessel run along the posterior meridian line of the body. The boundary commences at the coccyx, mounts the length of the vertebral column, contours the skull of the vertex along the philtrum to terminate upon the upper gum. It has twenty-eight acupuncture points. Immaek-Gyeong is the meridian of this vessel run along the anterior meridian line of the body. The boundary commences at the perineum mounts the pubic symphysis along the umbilicus, mandible and the terminates at concave of the lower lip. It has twenty-four acupuncture points.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.61-123
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• 2007

We translated 'poems of prograde' and 'poems of acupoints' which in the poems of acupoints and based on that, We considered the circulating direction and region of twelve meridian comparing the notion in common today with that in the 'poems of acupoints'. Finally, we got the conclusion like below 1. About circulating line of lung meridian, it'll be proper to correct that lung meridian passes through inner edge of biceps brachii muscle like heart and pericardium meridian. 2. On the part of kidney meridian in 'poems of prograde', it's right to be corrected as the circulating line that thru the inner line of vertebrae, enters heart and lung, and scattered tho breast. 3. 'Poems of prograde' can be separated two kinds go by starting-acupoints, ending- acupoints. First is 'poems of prograde' is begun from the end of members and ended in the body. Second is from Jungbu(中府) to Kimun(期門), circulating the members and the body with no ending. 4. On the above, we can find first 'poems of prograde' in "Chimkudaejeon(鍼灸大全)", "YangKyungjechimkujeonso(楊敬齋鍼灸全書)", "Chimkudaeseong(鍼灸大成)", also second can be found in "Neungmunjeonsudonginjihyul(凌門傳授銅人指穴)", "Chimkushinso(鍼灸神書)", "Kumchimbijeon(金針秘傳)", "Kyungrakhoepyun(經絡匯編), "Kyungrakko(經絡考)", "Jungsohoechamdongindosol(重西匯參銅人圖說)", "Kyungrakdoko(經脈圖考)", "ChimkuChuiyoung(針灸聚英)", "Shipsakyoungbalhwee(十四經發揮)", "Jakushimbopyokyul(刺灸心法要訣)", "Yukyoungdoik(類經圖翼)", "Yihakimmun(醫學入門)", etc. 5. Drawing an inference from above, the forms of "Jokbishibilmaek(足臂十一脈)" and "YumYangshibilmaek(陰陽十一脈)" are in "Mawangtoebaekso(馬王堆帛書)", are rather foreforms of circulation line that from the end of members and ended in the body than meridian prograde.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

Objective : The study of relations between twelve meridians and pulse diagnosis Method : The possiblity of pulse diagnosis on the pulse points(脈動處) of each meridian through the scription of $\ll$Maek beop(脈法)$\gg$ $\ll$Nae kyeong(內經)$\gg$ and $\ll$Nan kyeong(難經$\gg$ Result : The comparative pulse diagnosis method(比較脈診法) in the scription of $\ll$Mack beop$\gg$ progressed to the five Jang bu maek(五臟脈) in the scription of $\ll$Young chu : Sa gi jang bu byeong hyeong(靈樞 邪氣臟腑病形)$\gg$ in accordance with the progress of pulse diagnosis and the theory of medicine. Conclusions : The comparative pulse diagnosis method in the scription of $\ll$Mack beop)$\gg$ progressed to the five Jang bu maek(五臟脈) in the scription of $\ll$Young chu : Sa gi jang bu byeong hyeong$\gg$ and the moxibustion and Pyum bup(貶法) in the scription of $\ll$Mack beop$\gg$ altered to acupuncture therapy on the five shu points(五輸穴)

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.26-31
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• 2015

Objectives: This study used semiology based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to investigate vital energy (Qi) behavior in women with abdominal myofascial pain syndrome (AMPS). Methods: Fifty women diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) secondary to AMPS were evaluated by using a questionnaire based on the theories of "yin-yang," "zang-fu", and "five elements". We assessed the following aspects of the illness: symptomatology; specific location of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs); onset, cause, duration and frequency of symptoms; and patient and family history. The patients tongues, lips, skin colors, and tones of speech were examined. Patients were questioned on various aspects related to breathing, sweating, sleep quality, emotions, and preferences related to color, food, flavors, and weather or seasons. Thirst, gastrointestinal dysfunction, excreta (feces and urine), menstrual cycle, the five senses, and characteristic pain symptoms related to headache, musculoskeletal pain, abdomen, and chest were also investigated. Results: Patients were between 22 and 56 years old, and most were married (78%), possessed a elementary school (66%), and had one or two children (76%). The mean body mass index and body fat were 26.86 kg/cm2 (range: 17.7 - 39.0) and 32.4% (range: 10.7 - 45.7), respectively. A large majority of women (96%) exhibited alterations in the kidney meridian, and 98% had an altered gallbladder meridian. We observed major changes in the kidney and the gallbladder Qi meridians in 76% and 62% of patients, respectively. Five of the twelve meridians analyzed exhibited Qi patterns similar to pelvic innervation Qi and meridians, indicating that the paths of some of these meridians were directly related to innervation of the pelvic floor and abdominal region. Conclusion: The women in this study showed changes in the behavior of the energy meridians, and the paths of some of the meridians were directly related to innervation of the pelvic floor and abdominal region.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

Objectives : By comparing the correspondence of Three Eums and Yangs (三陰三陽) to calendr in ${\ulcorner}Somun\;Make'ae{\lrcorner}$ with twelve principal divinatory symbols, this paper intends to explain the exterior and interior of meridian system using the phenomena of the trigrams from Juyeok(卦). It also tries to relate the phenomena of the trigrams with the characteristics of the original Gi (本氣) of Three Em and Yangs tough the interpretation of Three Eums and Yangs assigned to twelve principal divinatory symbols. Methods : This paper compares the correspondence of Three Eums and Yangs to calendar in ${\ulcorner}Somun\;Make'ae{\lrcorner}$ with twelve principal divinatory symbols. By this, it traces the making of the exterior and interior relationship between Taeeum (太陰)-Yangmyeong (陽明), Soeum (少陰)-Taeyang (太陽), and Gworeum (厥陰)-Soyang (少陽) through the phenomena of trigrams assigned to Three Eums and Yangs. It also interprets Three Em and Yangs assigned to twelve principal divinatory symbols, using the original Gi of the six atmospheric influences(六氣). Results and Conclusions : Three Eums and Yangs in ${\ulcorner}Somun\;Make'ae{\lrcorner}$ signify the six meridians of the leg. Soeum (少陰) is assigned to October in ${\ulcorner}Somun\;Make'ae{\lrcorner}$ but it is more appropriate to assign it to July. If Soeum (少陰) is assigned to July, Three Eums and Yangs have phenoma of the trigrams with Em and Yang lines (陽爻) counter to each other, and can be explained as the exterior and interior relationship. lastly, in case of Three Eums and Yangs assigned to twelve principal divinatory symbols, the phenomena of the trigrams can be interpreted as the original Gi of Three Eums and Yangs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2000

We came to the conclusion after considering all the information from many kinds of books on the circulation courses, cross-link points, functions and the symptoms of disease of Chongmai. The results were as follows : 1. The Chongmai that starts from a Uterus flows to Dazhu through the inside of vertebra after joining Renmai and Duimai at Huiyin. The Chongmais up-line that comes out from Qichong into a surface of body arrives and is scattered at a chest through an abdomen. One strand of them goes upward again and is connected to a throat and lips area. After coming out from Qichong, separated down-line is divided into two parts when it arrives a inner part of a heel through the inner part of a leg. One is for an instep, the other is for the sole of a foot. 2. We call it "Sea of Twelve Meridians" or "Meridian's Sea". Because Chongmai controls all of Meridian by acquired "Basic energy" as getting Stomach's energy, Kidney's energy and air-energy, and there are responsible of physiological phenomenon control. And also we name it "Sea of Blood", because it starts from and provides a nutrition to Uterus. 3. All of these four Meridian such as Renmai, Kidney Meridian, Stomach Meridian and Spleen Meridian are ones that flow around the part of a chest and an abdomen. Chongmai makes energy and blood circulation of a chest and an abdomen be stronger and be controlled. Therefore it makes viscera, bowels and body surface be warm and given a nutrition. So Chongmai becomes "Sea of Viscera and Bowels". 4. Chongmai provides a nutrition for ligament and muscle and makes legs get warm as making energy and blood circulate from head to foot. If Chongmai is energetic, hair is completely easy to grow. 5. To see in pathological phase, Chongmais failure or weakness causes like a chest pain, stomachache, heart attack, a menstrual irregularity and sterility and so on. And also if Chongmai is damaged, it happens that giving a nutrition for lips area is stopped, and then mustache doesn't grow any more.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between Ryodoraku and carbon monoxide concentration during expiration of smokers. This study was designed as an exploratory observational study. This study was based on the hypothesis that increased levels of carbon monoxide in the smoker's breath may affect indicators that reflect the respiratory and circulatory systems in the Ryodoraku test. Methods: The participants were 49 people who smoked for over a year. They were examined at least one hour after their last smoking. They were tested in a stable state. When examining carbon monoxide during expiration, they breathed deeply, kept breathing for 20 seconds, and slowly exhaled. The Ryodoraku test was performed on its representative points of twelve meridians. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to investigate correlation between the concentration of carbon monoxide in the breath and the current in the measurement points. Results: The higher the carbon monoxide concentration in the exhalation, the significantly greater the current value of Lt H1·both H2·Lt H3·Rt H5, deviation of Lt H1·Lt H2·Lt H3 current value and the laterality between right and left current of H3. Conclusion: The more cigarette smoked, the more changes in heart, lung, pericardium and triple energizer meridians were observed in the Ryodoraku test. I found that increased carbon monoxide in smokers could affect the results of the Ryodoraku test.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.29-41
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• 2005

Objectives : Although previous anatomic, physiological and biophysics studies have examined the acupuncture meridian system, much remains unclear and controversial. This study was undertaken to examine electrical potential aspects of the meridian system. Electric potential was measured at the well and sea acupoints on the twelve acupuncture meridians (AM), on forty patients half with loin lesions, and pain of loin and lower extremities(LL) and half with shoulder lesions, and aching of shoulder and arm(SA). The object was to determine to what extent electric potential is an important risk factor between LL and SA. Methods : At the left and the right side with each of twenty LL and twenty SA patients, physiograph was used to measure electric potentials of AM ten sessions. T-test was used to compare the mean of electric potential between the two different pain groups and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of the 24 electric potentials measured. Results and Conclusions : In the LL, the only electric potential that was statistically significantly greater than SA was the bladder meridian on the left side. On the contrary, electric potentials in SA, which includes the large intestine, pericardium, triple burner, spleen, stomach, kidney and gallbladder meridians, were statistically larger than those of LL at the same side. On the right side, the five kinds of electric potentials(lung, large intestine, small intestine, pericardium and gallbladder meridian) of LL were statistically larger than those of SA. On the triple burner, stomach and kidney meridians electric potentials of SA were larger than those in LL. After adjusting for 24 electric potentials, pain risk factors, and different illness categories, multiple stepwise selection logistic regression modeling, resulted in the final selection of a total of 13 statistically significant electric potentials. These were 7 electric potentials at left side - small intestine, triple burner, spleen, stomach, bladder, liver and gallbladder meridian, and 6 at rght side - lung, large intestine, heart, pericardium, kidney and bladder meridian.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.65.1-65.12
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• 2021

Background: To assess the normal retina of the pigeon eye using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and establish a normative reference. Methods: Twelve eyes of six ophthalmologically normal pigeons (Columba livia) were included. SD-OCT images were taken with dilated pupils under sedation. Four meridians, including the fovea, optic disc, red field, and yellow field, were obtained in each eye. The layers, including full thickness (FT), ganglion cell complex (GCC), thickness from the retinal pigmented epithelium to the outer nuclear layer (RPE-ONL), and from the retinal pigmented epithelium to the inner nuclear layer (RPE-INL), were manually measured. Results: The average FT values were significantly different among the four meridians (p < 0.05), with the optic disc meridian being the thickest (294.0 ± 13.9 ㎛). The average GCC was thickest in the optic disc (105.3 ± 27.1 ㎛) and thinnest in the fovea meridian (42.8 ± 15.3 ㎛). The average RPE-INL of the fovea meridian (165.5 ± 18.3 ㎛) was significantly thicker than that of the other meridians (p < 0.05). The average RPE-ONL of the fovea, optic disc, yellow field, and red field were 91.2 ± 5.2 ㎛, 87.7 ± 5.3 ㎛, 87.6 ± 6.5 ㎛, and 91.4 ± 3.9 ㎛, respectively. RPE-INL and RPE-ONL thickness of the red field meridian did not change significantly with measurement location (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Measured data could be used as normative references for diagnosing pigeon retinopathies and further research on avian fundus structure.