• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2012

우리 건설 산업의 국가전체산업 대비 기여현황을 살펴보면 제조업 대비 45%정도의 종사인원이나 산업생산 유발계수가 제조업과 거의 대등하고 부가가치 유발계수는 제조업보다 훨씬 높다. 이러한 건설 산업의 현장생산직 근로자들이 겪고 있는 열악한 근로실태와 개인 삶에 대한 현황을 조명하여 우리사회 구성원으로서의 동반자로서, 또 건설 직업인으로서 긍지를 갖고 직무에 충실할 수 있도록 정부와 업계가 함께 노력하여, 그들의 위상을 강화시킴으로서 한 차원 높은 건설생산문화가 유발될 수 있고 업계의 세계화에 따른 경쟁력 향상에도 이바지하게 될 것이다. 이러한 건설생산직 근로자들을 위한 전문적인 교육 훈련, 신분보장, 자격제도 확립, 사회보험혜택, 안정적 임금수령, 작업환경개선 등 전문 직업인으로서의 자부심을 가질 수 있는 제도화된 환경을 통하여 그동안의 실적위주 정량적 건설에서 정성적 건설로 변화하는 기틀을 마련하도록 하여야한다. 우리나라의 행복지수는 100점 만점기준 67.8점으로 OECD 30개 국가 중 25위에 그친다. 건설현장 근로의 보다나은 양질화를 유도하기 위하여 현장생산직 근로자들의 직업 및 사회적 자기만족도 향상을 위한 대책으로서 기존관습에서 탈피하여 개선시켜야하는 문제요소들을 도출, 정부와 업계가 함께 노력하여 점차 세계화되고 있는 우리건설업계의 국제경쟁력에 이바지할 수 있는 차원 높은 건설생산인력으로 변화시킬 수 있도록 해야 한다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 전력용 스위칭 소자로 널리 활용되고 있는 IGBT 소자 중 수평 게이트 구조보다 우수한 특성을 지닌 트렌치 게이트 IGBT(TIGBT) 구조를 채택하여, 기존의 TIGBT가 갖는 구조적 한계를 극복하고 좀 더 우수한 전기적 특성을 갖는 새로운 구조의 수직형 TIGBT를 제안하였다. 첫 번째로 제안한 IGBT 소자는 P+컬렉터를 산화막으로 고립시킴으로서 N-드리프트 층으로의 정공 주입효율을 극대화하여 기존 구조보다 더 낮은 순방향 전압강하를 얻도록 설계된 구조이다. 두 번째 제안한 구조는 양 게이트 사이의 P-베이스 구조를 볼록하게 형성함으로서 게이트 쪽으로 집중되는 전계의 일부를 접합부 쪽으로 유도하여 기존 구조보다 더 높은 항복전압을 얻을 수 있다. 또한 P-베이스의 볼록한 구조가 턴-오프 시 정공의 흐름을 개선시켜 기존 구조보다 더 빠른 턴-오프 시간을 갖게 된다. 시뮬레이션 결과 첫 번째 구조의 특징은 2.4V의 순방향 전압강하 특성을 갖는 기존의 IGBT 구조보다 상당히 낮은 2.1V의 순방향 전압강하 특성을 나타냈으며, 두 번째 구조는 기존의 IGBT 보다 10V정도 높아진 항복전압 특성을 보였다. 또한 두 번째 구조에서 기존 구조와 비교해볼 때 9ns 정도 빠른 턴-오프 시간을 보였다. 최종적으로 제안된 새로운 구조의 TIGBT는 위 두 구조가 갖는 우수한 전기적 특성을 모두 갖도록 결합한 것이며, 시뮬레이션 결과 기본의 TIGBT 소자보다 순방향 전압강하, 항복특성, 그리고 턴 오프 특성이 모두 우수한 결과를 나타냈다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2001

Living spaces are the results of social environment and also the reflection of the viewpoints by their residents toward human culture and society. Therefore, in studying living spaces, the true essence of the spaces could be easily distorted when cultural and symbolic motives and values are disregarded and only their apparent characteristics are looked into. Hence, it's necessary to simultaneously understand both physical dwelling spaces from architecture's view points and social ideas, simultaneously, of people who form and interact with the spaces. Hence, this paper tries to study housing religion which is one of shamanistic religions which, in turn, have been the fundamental element of ancient religions and came into existence on the basis of dwelling spaces. This study presumes that house religion may have been permeated with its creators' ideas about living and those ideas could be one of those factors which plays a role in organizing of dwelling spaces. As such, with these prior analyses, this thesis attempts to understand the meaning of various dwelling spaces via the characteristics and functionalities of various house spirits which are mentioned in a local house religion and also will find out spatial harmony of Korean traditional living spaces by way of corelations among living spaces, people, and personalized house spirits. Almost all traditional Korean houses have assigned a house spirit to their individual dwelling space. This means a traditional house was considered as a scared space in a secular world called human society and the space was actually intended to protect sacredness of dwelling places from earthliness outside. So when the hierarchy of house spirits in housing religion is projected to a Korean traditional house, it can be shown that a dwelling house as a building was personified to a respectable human status. In other words, it can be concluded that each space was synonymous with a dwelling place for each house spirit and was considered a sacred godly place. In a nutshell, not only each space in a Korean traditional house was a physical and functional space, but also it formed a scared spatial place along with the concept of house spirits intending to ward off disasters and enjoy a comfortable life through those religious symbols and meanings. Housing shamanistic religion which has long been existing with residents and their lives is seeped with the viewpoints of the residents toward life, and hence understanding the meanings and organization of Korean traditional housing can reveal commonly practiced principles of spatial organization of the traditional houses. Therefore an analysis of Korean traditional housing on the basis of humanistic social ideas will help learn Korea's traditional houses which need to be understood in various methods.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2014

Objective : Previous research showed that childhood trauma or domestic violence resulted in difficulties in controlling emotion and problem solving and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. To understand the long term effect of childhood trauma, this study investigated their influences on cognitive processing of anger-evoking event and anger behavior among prisoners. Methods : All data were collected from 198 prisoners off our districts in Korea. After they consented to participate, prison officer distributed a questionnaire that included scales to demographic measure, childhood abuse (emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect), cognitive response of anger (attentional focus, suspicion, rumination, and hostile attitude) and behavior of anger (impulsive reaction, verbal aggression, physical confrontation, and indirect expression). For statistical analyses, SPSS 18.0 were used and path coefficients were evaluated from the structural equational modeling using LISREL 8.52. Results : Almost 50% of prisoners of our sample experienced one or more trauma during childhood. Then we tested the long term effect of childhood trauma on anger response by structural equation modeling. As expected, childhood trauma was associated with cognitive processing of anger-evoking event and anger behavior. More specifically, emotional abuse (${\beta}$=0.21, p<0.01) predicted suspicion which in turn associated with impulsive reaction (${\beta}$=0.73, p<0.001) and verbal aggression (${\beta}$=0.87, p<0.001). Emotional abuse (${\beta}$=0.24, p<0.01) also predicted hostile attitude which associated with physical confrontation (${\beta}$=0.80, p<0.001) and indirect expression (${\beta}$=0.80, p<0.001). Interestingly, physical abuse associated directly with impulsive reaction (${\beta}$=0.23, p<0.01) and indirect expression (${\beta}$=0.17, p<0.05). Neglect predicted rumination (${\beta}$=0.15, p <0.05) which associated with indirect expression marginally (${\beta}$=0.11, P<0.10). Conclusion : The results of this study, suggest longitudinal and harmful effect of childhood trauma on difficulties in controlling anger. Especially, it was revealed that childhood abuse related with processing anger evoking events more suspicious and hostile and then various anger-expressing behaviors.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

Purpose - This paper is for the Analysis on the Hindrance Factors and Activation Scheme by the Type of Distribution Channel in Direct transaction of Agricultural Products. As the distribution structure of agricultural products has become changable, farmers seem to use the type of direct distribution in order to enhance the receiving price. This study aims to explore the hindrance factors and income variation rate in direct transaction of agricultural produces, specifically focusing on the 167 farmers. Research design, data, and methodology - To ascertain the hindrance factors exactly by the type of distribution channel, the managements were classified by four subcategories, that is high sales percentage with shopping malls, SNS, shopping malls and SNS, and off-line direct transaction. Results - As a result of the hypothesis test, hinderance factors in online direct deal activation were found to be in the order of the difficulty in continuous content production, the difficulty in shopping mall operation and maintenance, and the difficulty in card commission problems, and in the order of the difficulties in continuous content production, the difficulty in continuous content production, the difficulty in shopping mall operation and maintenance, and the difficulty in branding for the SNS group. Thus, it can be seen that the difficulty in continuous content production, shopping mall operation and maintenance were found to be the biggest obstacles. In addition, hindering factors in online direct deal activation were found to be in the order of the difficulty in credit card settlement, the difficulty in publicity, and the difficulty in dealing with unsold goods. The group with high sales rate in shopping mall was found to be increased by 23.9% in the gross income compared to the previous year, the group with high SNS sales ratio increased by 56.5%, the group with direct offline transaction increased by 37.1%, among which the group with the highest increase rate of SNS sales ratio was found to be the highest from the rate of increase/decrease of the income, which was statistically significant. Conclusions - It can be suggested that government and local government may provide agricultural management with supporting plan which in turn can activate direct transaction in any possible ways.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2016

Purpose - This study examines the effects of the influence strategies on sales representative and headquarter trust, and investigates how sales representative trust plays a mediating role in the relationship between influence strategies and headquarter trust. For these purposes, a structural model which consists of several constructs was developed. In this model, influence strategies that consist of relational influence strategies (information exchange, recommend, promise) and mandatory influence strategies (legal plea, request, threat) were proposed to affect the sales representative trust and in turn, increase the headquarter trust. Thus, this study proposed that sale representative trust plays a core mediating role in the relationship between relational and mandatory influence strategies and headquarter trust in B2B food materials distribution context. Research design, data, and methodology - For these purposes, the authors collected the data from 208 B2B specialized complex agents. We used the 2,200 B2B specialized complex agents which trade with CJ, Ottogi, and Daesang firms and supply food materials to restaurant, school cafeteria, supermarket and traditional market as a sample frame. Once we identified 330 B2B specialized complex agent owners, CEOs, and/or Directors who had agreed to participate in this study, we dropped off a questionnaire at each B2B specialized complex agent and explained the purpose of this study. The survey was conducted from October 1, 2015 to December 15, 2015. A total of 230 questionnaires were collected. Of these collected questionnaires, 28 questionnaires excluded since they had not been fully completed. The data were analyzed using frequency test, reliability test, measurement model analysis, and structural equation modeling with SPSS and SmartPLS 2. Results - First, information exchange, recommendation, and promise of relational influence strategies had positive effects on sales representative trust. The threat of mandatory influence strategies had a negative effect on sales representative trust, but legal plea and request did not have a significant effect on sales representative trust. Second, information exchange and recommendation of relational influence strategies had positive effects on headquarter trust, but promise did not. Also, legal plea, request, and threat of mandatory influence strategies did not have a significant effect on headquarter trust. Third, this findings show that sales representative trust plays a partial mediator between information exchange and headquarter trust, and threat and headquarter trust, and a full mediator between promise and headquarter trust, and recommendation and headquarter trust. Conclusions - The aim of this study was to examine the effects how diverse dimensions of relational and mandatory influence strategies relate to sales representative trust and headquarter trust. To do so, we integrated the influence strategies and the trust transfer theory to hypothesize that various influence strategies increase sales representative and headquarter trust. The findings of this study suggest that headquarter firms should establish and enforce proper influence strategies guidelines to make clear what proper actions sales representatives should implement in relationship with B2B specialized complex agents. Also, relational and mandatory influence strategies must be regarded as a long-term and ongoing strategy that eventually build a long-term orientation with B2B specialized complex agents and guarantee a company's sustainable growth and success.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2015

진단방사선 분야에서는 진단 최적화를 위하여 자동노출제어장치의 활용이 국제적으로 권고되고 있다. 하지만, 기존의 상용화된 광도전체 센서는 제작 공정의 복잡하고 장시간 방사선에 노출될 경우 다양한 성능 저하가 발생하는 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 X-ray 흡수율이 높으면서도 제작이 용이한 장점을 가진 광도전체 기반 센서의 AEC 적용 가능성을 평가하고자 한다. 실험결과, SNR 증가를 통하여 우수한 검출 효율을 가지는 센서의 제작가능성을 확인하였고, 정확한 턴-오프가 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 잠상 영상 및 투과율 실험 결과, 광도전체에 의한 Ghost effect가 나타나지 않음을 확인하였으며, PbO를 제외한 광도전체의 경우 80% - 90%의 우수한 투과율을 확인하였다. 그러므로 상용화된 기존 상품에 대비하여 도핑농도 변화에 따른 성능 저하 및 기계적 안정성이 뛰어나며 제작이 용이한 광도전체 기반의 센서는 AEC 센서로 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2006

노후 콘크리트포장 수명을 연장하기 위한 방안으로 아스팔트 덧씌우기가 일반적이나 반사균열을 억제하기 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 반사균열을 억제하기 위하여 줄눈부 보수, 응력완화층 설치가 적용되기는 하지만 반사균열의 진전 속도를 늦추는 제한적인 성공을 보여 왔다. 콘크리트포장 슬래브를 원위치에서 파쇄하여 기층재료로 활용하고 그 위에 덧씌우기 포장을 건설하는 원위치파쇄기층화 공법은 기존 덧씌우기 보강공법이 갖고 있는 반사균열 문제를 완벽하게 해결할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 공법을 적용할 경우 파쇄된 노후 콘크리트 포장의 상부층은 40mm-70mm로 파쇄되나 하부층은 100mm 이상 되는 경우가 일반적이다. 그러나 콘크리트 두께가 30cm 이상 되는 경우에는 전체두께를 적정 Size로 파쇄골재화하는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 파쇄된 노후 콘크리트 포장층이 반사균열을 유발시키지 않고 도로기층으로서의 역할을 확보할 수 있는 적정 파쇄 깊이를 파악하기 위하여 파쇄골재깊이를 0cm, 10cm, 20cm로 변화시켜가며 simulation test를 수행한 결과, 적정 파쇄 깊이 10cm를 도출하였다(Lee, 2006). 또한 소형파쇄장비를 제작하여 실제 도로와 동일한 기준으로 시험 포장을 건설하여 파쇄헤드 형상, 파쇄에너지, 유효파쇄 면적 등을 달리하여 두꺼운 콘크리트포장형식에 적합한 파쇄방법을 개발하였으며 Prototype의 파쇄장비를 개발하여 실제 공용중인 고속도로에서 시험시공 및 모니터링을 실시하여 제안된 파쇄방법의 적정성을 검토하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.146-147
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• 2011

Processing a large area substrate for liquid crystal display (LCD) or solar panel applications in a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) reactor is becoming increasingly challenging because of the size of the substrate size is no longer negligible compared to the wavelength of the applied radio frequency (RF) power. The situation is even worse when the driving frequency is increased to the Very High Frequency (VHF) range. When the substrate size is still smaller than 1/8 of the wavelength, one can obtain reasonably uniform process results by utilizing with methods such as tailoring the precursor gas distribution by adjustingthrough shower head hole distribution or hole size modification, locally adjusting the distance between the substrate and the electrode, and shaping shower head holes to modulate the hollow cathode effect modifying theand plasma density distribution by shaping shower head holes to adjust the follow cathode effect. At higher frequencies, such as 40 MHz for Gen 8.5 (2.2 m${\times}$2.6 m substrate), these methods are not effective, because the substrate is large enough that first node of the standing wave appears within the substrate. In such a case, the plasma discharge cannot be sustained at the node and results in an extremely non-uniform process. At Applied Materials, we have studied several methods of modifying the standing wave pattern to adjusting improve process non-uniformity for a Gen 8.5 size CCP reactor operating in the VHF range. First, we used magnetic materials (ferrite) to modify wave propagation. We placed ferrite blocks along two opposing edges of the powered electrode. This changes the boundary condition for electro-magnetic waves, and as a result, the standing wave pattern is significantly stretched towards the ferrite lined edges. In conjunction with a phase modulation technique, we have seen improvement in process uniformity. Another method involves feeding 40 MHz from four feed points near the four corners of the electrode. The phase between each feed points are dynamically adjusted to modify the resulting interference pattern, which in turn modulate the plasma distribution in time and affect the process uniformity. We achieved process uniformity of <20% with this method. A third method involves using two frequencies. In this case 40 MHz is used in a supplementary manner to improve the performance of 13 MHz process. Even at 13 MHz, the RF electric field falls off around the corners and edges on a Gen 8.5 substrate. Although, the conventional methods mentioned above improve the uniformity, they have limitations, and they cannot compensate especially as the applied power is increased, which causes the wavelength becomes shorter. 40 MHz is used to overcome such limitations. 13 MHz is applied at the center, and 40 MHz at the four corners. By modulating the interference between the signals from the four feed points, we found that 40 MHz power is preferentially channeled towards the edges and corners. We will discuss an innovative method of controlling 40 MHz to achieve this effect.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1996

본 연구는 한국에 있어서 1994년 하계한발의 지역적 분포특성과 지상기압장 및 500hPa면의 종관적 특성을 평년과 비교분석한 연구이다. 평년강수량에 대한 1994년 강수량의 백분율을 기준한 6월의 한발은 여수 중심의 남부지방, 7월은 한국 전역, 8월은 소백산맥 이동의 남동안에 심한 한발을 초래하여 강수와 시간적 공간적 변동성을 반영하고 있다. 6 8월의 한반도와 그 주변의 지상기압장의 기압편차가 정편차, 전국적인 한발이 나타난 7월은 부편차역에 속하여 대조를 이룬다. 1994년 하계에 한반도를 통과한 온대저기압은 그 통과 빈도가 낮을 뿐만 아니라 한반도로부터 남편, 혹은 북편되어 통과하여서 온대저기합성 강수의 출현빈도가 낮음을 알 수 있다. 6월의 한발시 500hPa면의 trough의 중심이 평년보다 동편되어 한반도는 이 trough의 서쪽에 위치하고 7 8월은 한반도와 그 주변이 ridge에 속한다. 따라서 한반도와 그 주변의 500hPa면 고도편차는 정편차를 나타내며 이때 동서지수는 높아서 평년에 비해 동서류가 강할 때 한발이 출현함을 밝혔다.