• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권5호통권112호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2005

Research was initiated to investigate turf performance under USGA soil system. USGA system 45 centimeters deep was built with rootzone layer, intermediate layer, and drainage layer. Six turfgrass entries were comprised of 3 blends and 3 mixtures from cool-season grasses (CSG). Turfgrass color and quality ratings were best in spring and fall, especially early May to early July and late August to early November. Kentucky bluegrass (KB) consistently produced the greatest performance, while perennial ryegrass (PR) the poorest. Intermediate turf performance between KB and PR was observed with tall fescue (TF). Among CSG mixtures it increased with KB but decreased with PR. There were considerable variations in summer turf Performance. No summer drought injury was found in KB and TF. However, PR showed poor performance through summer as compared with others. Among mixtures, it decreased with PR. It was suggested that PR mix in less than $20\%$ in the mixtures to have an acceptable quality in summer. Cultural intensity also affected it. With lowering mowing height, KB of rhizomatous-type in growth habit kept good quality, while PR and TF with bunch-type in growth habit poor quality. Mowing quality was greatly different among CSG. KB produced clean-cut surface, but PR unclean one. If had an intermediate mowing quality between KB and PR. A great difference in green color retention was observed among CSG. The longest CSG was PR that kept green for 339 days, while the shortest one TF for 267 days. KB continued to keep green for 290 days. The mixtures kept green in color for 292 to 315 days, depending on turfgrass mixing intensity. The greater the PR in content, the longer the green color duration. These results demonstrate that KB was the best and PR the worst among CSG grown in USGA system under a domestic climate, in regards of turf quality, color, mowing quality, summer turf performance and green color duration. KB and TF are most adequate for high-maintenance and low-maintenance area, respectively. In case of mixtures for high-quality turf, it was desirable to use KB-based mixture with PR of below $20\%$ in seeding rate.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of composted liquid manure (CLM) on soil properties and turf quality of zoysiagrass. The CLMs were produced at 5 facilities for livestock excretions treatments located in Cheongwon, Gunwi, Iksan, Nonsan, and Yeoju in Korea, respectively. Field experiments were conducted at 5 golf courses and a sod farm located near each facility for livestock excretion treatments. Chemical fertilizer (CF) with N at $12g\;m^{-2}year^{-1}$ and CLMs were applied four times, respectively. The constituents of the different CLMs were variable based on when and where the fertilizer was produced. Soil K content significantly increased when the soil was treated with CLMs. The soil treated with CF showed a higher content of total P than that treated with CLM. CF and CLMs treatments significantly increased the turf color index compared with control. Tiller density and shoot dry weight of fertilized plots were also higher than those of non-fertilized plots. However, there was no significant difference in turf color index and tiller density among plots treated by CLMs or CF. The results of this study demonstrated that CLMs could be a substitute for CF.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

The use of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) in the transition zone is limited because of a lack of cold hardiness although zoysiagrass has many advantages compared to other warm-season and cool-season grasses. Late-fall N fertilization is often applied for darker green color of turfgrass in early spring and more extensive root growth without rapid top growth. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of late fall N application and turf cover for zoysiagrass spring green-up. Clear polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film was used for turf cover. The amount of N applied were 5 and $10g\;N\;m^{-2}$ for the low and high N rate treatments, respectively. Covered zoysiagrass had greater turfgrass color and quality in early spring than non-covered zoysiagrass. The high N rate had 0.6 to 2.3 greater turfgrass quality than the low N rate on 7 of 9 rating dates. Slow-release N as late fall fertilization is more effective for turfgrass color and quality than fast-release N in spring. Turf cover could reduce the period of yellow zoysiagrass, and the earlier time of spring green-up could be advanced by increasing turfgrass quality and growth of zoysiagrass.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.635-641
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• 2012

In Korea, slurry composted and biofiltered (SCB) liquid fertilizer is produced through the composting and biofiltering of animal waste. An appropriate guidelines involving proper treatment of SCB liquid fertilizer on turfgrass should be considered. An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum application amount, timing, and frequency of SCB liquid fertilizer for Zoysia japonica 'Millock'. The SCB liquid fertilizer was applied in low, medium, and high amount (N at 15, 25, and 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year in 2010, and 10, 20, and 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year in 2011, respectively) and treated during the growing season or dormancy period. During the growing season, SCB liquid fertilizer was applied twice or four times. The greatest improvement in turf quality for both years was in SCB plots applied four times with N at 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year during the growing season (SH4). This treatment exhibited turf color retention in the fall, and enhanced clipping yield during the growing and fall seasons. SCB plots with four times during the growing season (SL4, SM4, and SH4) exhibited higher shoot density relative to the same amount of other SCB treatments. Plots treated during the dormancy period also showed a high turf color index during the next growing season in 2011. The results indicate that SCB with high amount up to N at 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year applied four times during the growing season and dormant application produced high turf quality and growth, and could be recommended as an optimum application guide.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2010

한지형 잔디 5종류의 45품종에 대하여 봄철 greenup 과 회복율을 평가하였다. Greenup 평가를 위하여 잔디 색과 생장지수(NDVI)을 조사하였다. 잔디 색과 생장지수는 잔디의 종류와 품종 간에 통계적인 유의성의 차이를 보였다. 잔디 색은 Kentucky bluegrass 20 품종에서만 유의성의 차이를 보였으며, 잔디생장지수에서는 Kentucky bluegrass 20품종 과 Tall fescue 6 품종에서 유의성의 차이를 보였다. 봄철 잔디가 살아서 지면을 덮는 회복율은 Creeping bentrgass와 fineleaf fescue 품종 간에 유의성의 차이가 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2004

This study was carried out to find out the effect of by-product gypsum(phosphogypsum, PG) application on enhancement of turf quality. For the first experiment, 10 ton $ha^{-1}$ PG was applied to 1m${\times}$10m (width${\times}$length) Plots with 4 replicates on a sloping area of fairway where turf(Zoysia japonica L.) was grown. Both top- and sub-soil samples were collected before and after treatment and were analyzed for pH, EC(e1ectrica1 conductivity), Ca and Mg contents. At the same time when soil samples were collected, specific color difference sensor value(SCDSV) that represented chlorophyll contents, fresh and dry weight of the turf were determined to find out the effect of PG treatment on turf growth. SCDSV of turf from PG treated plots measured at 98 and 147 days after treatment were significantly higher than those from control. Considering higher fresh and dry weight of leaf per unit area from PG treated plots than that from control, it was concluded that the elevated Ca and S level of the PG treated plots resulted in vigorous leaf growth of turf. For the second experiment 2, 5 and 10 ton $ha^{-1}$ PG were applied to 1m${\times}$10m(width${\times}$length) Plots with 3 replicates at a closer location as was used for the first experiment to find out the appropriate PG application rate. Before and after treatment soil and plant samples were collected and were analyzed by the same way as the first experiment. The pH of all the soil samples collected from PG treated plots at 38 days after treatment was lower than that from control. This trend changed as time passed. However, the pH of the soil from 10 ton $ha^{-1}$ PG treated plot was lower than that from control during the whole period of the second experiment. SCDSV, fresh and dry weight of leaf from PG treated plots at all 3 rates were higher than those from control for the second experiment. PG application to turf will be beneficial for both mass consumption of by-product gypsum and enhancement of turf quality.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2014

개량SCB저농도액비(DSCB)를 친환경적인 잔디관리에 이용하기 위하여 시비간격에 따른 켄터키블루그래스의 엽색지수, 엽록소지수, 잔디생육, 양분흡수 및 이용율을 바탕으로 DSCB의 적절한 시비방법을 평가하였다. 시험을 위한 처리구는 무처리(NF), 대조구(CF), 15일 간격으로 시비한 DSCB 처리구 (DSCB), 30일 간격으로 시비한 DSCB처리구(2DSCB), 4월부터 60일 간격으로 시비한 DSCB처리구(4DSCB-1), 그리고 5월부터 60일 간격으로 시비한 DSCB처리구(4DSCB-2)으로 구분하였다. 잔디의 엽색지수는 DSCB와 2DSCB가 CF보다 높았고, 엽록소지수는 CF와 비슷하였다. 질소와 칼리의 흡수량 및 이용율과 예지물량은 2DSCB와 4DSCB에서 CF보다 증가하였다. 이러한 결과들로 종합할 때, DSCB는 월 1회 시비하는 것이 잔디의 양분흡수와 이용을 증가시켜 잔디생육과 품질을 향상시키는 것으로 알 수 있었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2012

본 연구는 사포닌과 아미노산 함유비료를 크리핑벤트그래스에 관주시비하여 잔디생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 복합비료를 대신하여 잔디관리에 이용할 수 있는지 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 엽색지수, 엽록소지수, 건물중, 잔디밀도, 뿌리길이 및 잔디의 양분함유량을 조사하여 생육을 평가하였다. 시험 전후 토양분석결과, 처리구에 따른 토양화학성의 변화는 나타나지 않아 SLF와 ALF의 시비가 골프코스의 토양화학성의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. 벤트그라스의 엽색지수와, 엽록소지수는 2SLF와 2ALF에서는 엽색지수와 엽록소지수가 CF와 비슷하거나 약간 높았고, 잔디밀도와 뿌리길이는 2SLF, ALF 및 2ALF에서 CF보다 높았다. 건물중과 잔디 중 질소와 칼리함량은 2ALF 처리구에서 가장 높게 조사되었다. 잔디품질은 뿌리길이, 잔디밀도, 건물중 및 질소와 칼륨함량에 대해 고도의 상관성을 보였고(P<0.05), 잔디에 함유된 질소는 잔디밀도, 뿌리길이 및 건물중과 같은 잔디생육과 높은 상관성을 보였으며(P<0.05), 잔디에 함유된 칼륨은 잔디밀도와 건물중에서 높은 상관성을 보였다(P<0.05). 이러한 결과를 통해 기능성물질이 함유된 비료는 복합비료를 대신하여 잔디관리에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었고, 기능성액상비료의 관주시비 시 질소와 칼륨이 잔디에 흡수되어 잔디 지상부 및 지하부생장과 밀도를 증가시킴으로써 잔디품질을 향상시키는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the proper species of turf and the ground structure for the turf sports grounds. Analysis items are particle distribution of sand and gravel, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil hardness, and turf growth. Results of this study are as follows. 1)The particle distribution of sand used in the multi-layer rootzone is within the upper limit of the standard level. The diameter of mid-size grain({TEX}$D_{50}${/TEX})was 0.62mm and the value of uniformity ({TEX}$D_{90}${/TEX}/{TEX}$D_{10}${/TEX}) was 3.93. The particle size distribution of sand used in the single-layer rootzone was beyond the standard level as {TEX}$D_{50}${/TEX})=0.86 and {TEX}$D_{90}${/TEX}/{TEX}$D_{10}${/TEX}=8.86. 2) Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sand was higher in the multi-layer rootzone than in the single-layer rootzone while bulk density was vice versa. 3) Surface hardness was high on Kentucky bluegrass+perennial ryegrass compared to zoysiagrass probably caused by root density. 4) Visual covering and visual rating were highly evaluated on zoysiagrass within summer while better evaluated on Kentucky bluegrass+perennial ryegrass throughout fall to spring. 5) Visual color was better evaluated on Kentucky bluegrass+perennial ryegrass than on zoysiagrass throughout the year. These studies are demanded urgently according to increase in interest in the ground and turf species of the turf sports ground because of World Cup 2002.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 퇴비단여과법(SCB)을 통해 생성된 액비의 골프장에의 적용가능성과 자연순환농업정책의 새로운 수요처로서 적합성여부를 평가하기 위해 SCB가 크리핑벤트그래스의 생육과 토양특성변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 2008년 4월부터 10월까지 6개월간 수행하였다. 처리구는 비료를 처리하지 않은 무처리구(NF), 대조구(CF), SCB 1L와 2L를 처리한 S-1, S-2 등 4개 처리를 난괴법으로 수행하였다. 시비 후 엽색지수, 엽록소함량 및 잔디 생육량 등 잔디 생육을 조사하였고, 그 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. NF와 비교한 결과, 엽색지수는 CF, S-1 및 S-2에서 각각 1.8%, 1.8%, 3.3% 증가하였고, 엽록소함량은 13%, 14%, 20% 증가하였으며, 잔디의 총건물중은 CF, S-1 및 S-2에서 모두 18% 증가하였다. SCB 액비의 시비는 질소 시비량이 대조구의 1/2수준인 S-1은 대조구와 비슷하고, 질소시비량이 대조구와 동일한 S-2는 대조구보다 엽록소함량이 증가였다. 본 결과들을 통해 SCB 액비의 시비는 잔디 생육을 향상시키고, 골프코스관리에서 자연순환형농업을 통해 잔디관리가 가능할 것으로 평가되었다.