• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2021

Venturi tube is based on turbulent flow, whereby the microbubbles can be generated by the turbulent fragmentation. This phenomenon is common in several venturi bubblers used by the nuclear, aerospace and chemical industries. The first objective of this paper is to study the liquid-phase velocity field experimentally and develop correlations for the turbulent quantities. The second objective is to research velocity field characteristics theoretically. Stereoscopic PIV measurements for the velocity field have been analyzed and utilized to develop the turbulent kinetic energy in the venturi tube. The tracking properties of the tracer particles have been verified enough for us to analyze the turbulence field. The turbulence kinetic energy has a bimodal distribution trend. Also, the results of turbulence intensity along the horizontal direction is gradually uniform along the downstream. Both the mean velocity and the fluctuation velocity are proportional to the Reynolds number. Besides, the distribution trend of the mean velocity and the velocity fluctuation can be determined by the geometric parameters of the venturi tube. An analytical function model for the flow field has been developed to obtain the approximate analytical solutions. Good agreement is observed between the model predictions and experimental data.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.659-667
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• 2015

In this study, sensitivity of inflow wind speed and turbulent Schmidt number to pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon is investigated, by comparing CFD-simulated results to wind-tunnel results. For this, we changed systematically inflow wind speed at the street-canyon height ($1.5{\sim}10.0m\;s^{-1}$ with the increment of $0.5m\;s^{-1}$) and turbulent Schmidt number (0.2~1.3 with interval of 0.1). Also, we performed numerical experiments under the conditions that turbulent Schmidt numbers selected with the magnitude of mean kinetic energy at each grid point were assigned in the street canyon. With the increase of the inflow wind speed, the model underestimated (overestimated) pollutant concentration in the upwind (downwind) side of the street canyon because of the increase of pollutant advection. This implies that, for more realistic reproduction of pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons, large (small) turbulent Schmidt number should be assigned for week (strong) inflow condition. In the cases of selectively assigned turbulent Schmidt number, mean bias remarkably decreased (maximum 60%) compared to the cases of constant turbulent Schmidt number assigned. At week (strong) inflow wind speed, root mean square error decreases as the area where turbulent Schmidt number is selectively assigned becomes large (small).

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.38-45
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• 2011

The computational flow numerical analysis was introduced to predict thc turbulent characteristics in the mixing flow structure of $45^{\circ}$ impinging round jet. This analysis has been carried out through the commercial fluent software. Realizable(RLZ) k-${\varepsilon}$ was used as a turbulent model. It can be known that mean velocities analysed through RLZ k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulent model comparatively predict well the experiments and show well the elliptic shape of mixing flow structure in the Y-Z plane, but analysed turbulent kinetic energies show somewhat differently from the experiments in certain regions.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.17-22
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• 2005

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of local ultrasonic forcing on a turbulent boundary layer. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) was used to probe the characteristics of the flow. A ultrasonic forcing system was made by adhering six ultrasonic transducers to the local flat plate. Cavitation which generates uncountable minute air-bubbles having fast wall normal velocity occurs when ultrasonic was projected into water. The SPIV results showed that the wall normal mean velocity is increased in a boundary layer dramatically and the streamwise mean velocity is reduced. The skin friction coefficient ($C_{f}$) decreases $60\%$ and gradually recovers at the downstream. The ultrasonic forcing reduces wall-region streamwise turbulent intensity, however, streamwise turbulent intensity is increased away from the wall. Wall-normal turbulent intensity is almost the same near the wall but it increases away from the wall, In tile vicinity of the wall, Reynold shear stress, sweep strength and production of turbulent kinetic energy were decreased. This suggests that the streamwise vortical structures are lifted by ultrasonic forcing and then skin friction is reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2001

The flow characteristics on the centerline in case of free jet, sudden expansion jet and impinging jet have been investigated. Centerline flow behaviors and similaritis with mean velocities, turbulent intensities, shear stresses, isotropic structures and turbulent kinetic energies on the streamwise direction were looked into and compared with three jets, The results show that mean velocities have represented potential core and decayed with similar gradients. The turbulent intensities and shear stresses were presented peak values in the self-preserving region, and then they were in decay. Aeolotropy in the initial region were possible returned to isotropy patterns with asymptotic approach in the downstream region. It has been found that the turbulent kinetic energies for the three cases of jet existed in the similarity and they coincided with Gaussian profile.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

Turbulent flow characteristics on the gap of two parallel channels are investigated using LES(large eddy simulation) approach. Two parallel channels have the same cross-section area and are connected by the narrow channel named the gap. Turbulent flow near the gap makes the flow pulsation along the streamwise direction of two channels. The flow condition is the Reynolds number of $2.5{\times}10^{-5}$. We compared the predicted results with the previous experimental results and presented the axial mean velocity, turbulent intensities, Reynolds shear stresses and turbulent kinetic energy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1434-1443
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• 1999

The turbulent fluctuations of temperature and two components of velocity have been measured with hot- and cold-wires in the Thermally Stratified Wind Tunnel(TSWT). Using the fin-tube heat exchanger type heaters and the neural network control algorithm, both stable ($dT/dz=109.4^{\circ}C$) and unstable ($dT/dz=-49.1^{\circ}C$) stratifications were realized. An ambient air jet was issued normally into the cross flow($U_{\infty}=1.0 m/s$) from a round nozzle(d = 6 mm) flushed at the bottom waII of the wind tunnel with the velocity ratio of $5.8(U_{jet}/U_{\infty})$. The characteristics of turbulent dispersion in the cross flow jet are found to change drastically depending on the thermal stratification. Especially, in the unstable condition, the vertical velocity fluctuation increases very rapidly at downstream of jet. The fluctuation velocity spectra and velocity-temperature cospectra along the jet centerline were obtained and compared. In the case of stable stratification, the heat flux cospectra changes Its sign from a certain point at the far field because of the restratification phenomenon. It is inferred that the main reason in the difference between the vertical heat fluxes is caused by the different length scales of the large eddy motions. The turbulent kinetic energy and scalar dissipation rates were estimated using partially non-isotropic and isotropic turbulent approximation. In the unstable case, the turbulent energy dissipation decreases more rapidly with the downstream distance than in the stable case.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.382-393
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• 2010

Thermal mixing by steam jets in a pool is dominantly influenced by a turbulent water jet generated by the condensing steam jets, and the proper prediction of this turbulent jet behavior is critical for the pool mixing analysis. A turbulent jet flow induced by a steam jet discharged through a vertical upward single hole into a subcooled water pool was subjected to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Based on the small-scale test data derived under a horizontal steam discharging condition, this analysis was performed to validate a CFD method of analysis previously developed for condensing jet-induced pool mixing phenomena. In previous validation work, the CFD results and the test data for a limited range of radial and axial directions were compared in terms of profiles of the turbulent jet velocity and temperature. Furthermore, the behavior of the turbulent jet induced by the steam jet through a horizontal single hole in a subcooled water pool failed to show the exact axisymmetric flow pattern with regards to an overall pool mixing, whereas the CFD analysis was done with an axisymmetric grid model. Therefore, another new small-scale test was conducted under a vertical upward steam discharging condition. The purpose of this test was to generate the velocity and temperature profiles of the turbulent jet by expanding the measurement ranges from the jet center to a location at about 5% of $U_m$ and 10 cm to 30 cm from the exit of the discharge nozzle. The results of the new CFD analysis show that the recommended CFD model of the high turbulent intensity of 40% for the turbulent jet and the fine mesh grid model can accurately predict the test results within an error rate of about 10%. In this work, the turbulent jet model, which is used to simply predict the temperature and velocity profiles along the axial and radial directions by means of the empirical correlations and Tollmien's theory was improved on the basis of the new test data. The results validate the CFD model of analysis. Furthermore, the turbulent jet model developed in this study can be used to analyze pool thermal mixing when an ellipsoidal steam jet is discharged under a high steam mass flux in a subcooled water pool.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.157-160
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• 1996

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.2368-2375
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• 1992

The transition of turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) balance along the centerline of the flow unit, which is composed of straight-duct, contraction and free-jet, has been investigated by the hot-wire anemometry. It is found that the mean turbulent kinetic energy is balanced by the dissipation in the internal flow region ; by the production and the dissipation, through contraction ; and by the dissipation, in initial region(X〈8D) of free-jet. But in the developing region (8D〈X〈20D) it is balanced by all of the three(ie, diffusion, production and dissipation). Finally, in the downstream of free-jet, the mean TKE is balanced again by dissipation like as the beginning. The decay-laws along the centerline are checked in the region of free jet as well as in the straightduct. After the developing region of free-jet also exist the decay-laws, the exponent of the axial turbulence being bigger than of the radial.