• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 1993

This paper presents a new concept to reduce turbulent frictional drag by injecting micro-bubble into buffer layer of turbulent boundary layer on flat plate. The buffer layer of boundary was specified by minus velocity gradient of law of the wall. When the buffer layer region of turbulent boundary layer is filled with micro-bubble of air and viscous of the region is kept low, the velocity profile in the region should be changed substantially. Then the Reynolds stress in the buffer layer region becomes less, which guide to higher velocity gradient there. It results in reduction of velocity gradient at the viscous sublayer, which gives the reduction of shear stress at the wall.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2022

후향단차 수공구조물의 모서리에서는 흐름분리가 발생하며 이로 인해 형성되는 전단층과 재순환 흐름 영역에서의 흐름은 복잡한 난류가 지배적이다. 물리적으로 안정하면서 성능이 보장되는 구조물 설계를 위해서는 이러한 난류 흐름의 거동을 정확하게 예측하고 분석하는 것이 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 공학적으로 널리 이용되고 있는 대표적인 난류 모형인 k-ω SST 모형과 RNG k-ε 모형을 이용한 3차원 RANS 계산을 통해서 개수로에 설치된 후향단차를 통과하는 난류 흐름을 레이놀즈 수 23,400과 후르드 수 0.22의 조건에서 수치모의하고, 해석 결과를 기존 실험자료와 비교 분석하여 수치해석의 성능을 평가하고자 한다. 두 가지 난류 모형을 이용하여 구한 평균유속 분포를 보면 모두 경계층에서 관측된 실험값을 양호하게 잘 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. 재순환 영역 상부에서 계산된 평균유속을 보면 RNG k-ε 모형이 k-ω SST 모형보다 중앙부에서의 유속을 약 5% 정도 크게 계산하는 것으로 나타났다. 난류 통계량 관점에서 보면 두 난류 모형 모두 단차 모서리 직하류에서 흐름 분리로 인해 발생하는 레이놀즈 전단응력을 현저히 과소산정하는 한편, 재부착점 하류에서는 실험값을 상대적으로 양호하게 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. RNG k-ε 모형은 수로 바닥 부근 경계층에서의 전단응력 분포를 k-ω SST 모형보다는 우수한 정확도로 실험값을 계산하는 반면에 접근수로 경계층에서 그리고 단차 하류부에서는 경계층 상부에서 전단응력을 과대 산정하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2160-2170
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 날카로운 모서리를 가진 타원제트(AR=2)의 근접 영역에서 제트 의 난류구조 및 축교차현상을 3-D LDV 시스템을 이용하여 조사하였다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2002

In this study, laboratory experiments have been performed to investigate characteristics of the velocity fields and turbulence for non-buoyant plane jet in the vicinity of the jet nozzle using PIV system. The experimental results show that, in the transition region, the lateral velocity profile is in good agreement with Gaussian distribution. However, the coefficient of Gaussian distribution, $\K_{u,}$, decreases with longitudinal distance in the transition region. The existing theoretical equation for the centerline velocity tends to overestimate the measured data in the transition region. A new equation for the centerline velocity derived by incorporating varying $k_{u}$ gives better agreement with the measured data than the previous equation. The results of the turbulence characteristics show peak values are concentrated on the shear layers. The Reynolds shear stress profile shows the positive peak in the upper layer and negative peak in the lower layer. The turbulent kinetic energy also provides double peaks at the shear layers. The peak of the Reynolds shear stress and the turbulent kinetic energy increases until x/B=8, and then it decreases afterwards.s.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2002

The primary objective of the present study is evaluation of the k-ε-vv-f turbulence model for prediction of natural convection in a rectangular cavity. As a comparative study, the two-layer k-ε model is also considered. Both models, with and without algebraic heat flux model, are applied to the analysis of natural convection in a rectangular cavity. The performances of turbulence models are investigated through comparison with available experimental data. The predicted results of vertical velocity component, turbulent heat fluxes, turbulent shear stress, local Nusselt number and wall shear stress are compared with experimental data. It is shown that, among the turbulence models considered in the present study, the k-ε-vv-f model with an algebraic heat flux model predicts best the vertical mean velocity and velocity fluctuation, and the inclusion of algebraic heat flux model slightly improves the accuracy of results.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.820-833
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• 1995

An analysis is performed to examine the equilibrium state and the stability of modeled Reynolds stress equations for homogeneous turbulent shear flows. The system of the governing equations consists of four coupled ordinary differential equations. The equilibrium states are found by the steady state solution of the governing equations. In order to investigate the stability of the system about its state in equilibrium, and eigenvalue problem is constructed. As a result, constraints for the coeffieients in the model equations are obtained by the stability condition of the equilibrium state as well as by their physically realizable bounds. It is observed that the models with pressure-strain rate correlation that are linear in the anisotropy tensor are stable and produce reasonable equilibrium tensor do not behave properly. Stability considerations about three most commonly used models are given in detail in the final section.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.569-578
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• 2003

In the present steady the flow characteristics of turbulent steady flows were experimentally investigated in the exit region of join stream. The experimental was carry out to measure the velocity profiles of air in a square duct. For the measurement of velocity profiles, a hot-wire anemometer was used. The experimental results shows that the velocity profiles do not change behind the fully developed flow region , which is defined as dimensionless axial direction x/Dh=50. In addition, the gradient of shear stress distribution became stable as the flow reached progress downstream.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.226-233
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• 1994

전난류에서 파와 해류가 합성하였을 때 발생하는 해저면 마찰력을 계산하는 방법을 고찰하였다. 전난류에서 일방향 흐름에 의한 마찰력의 산정방법으로 절점조정법을 제시하며, Bijker의 관측자료와 비교하여 절점조정치를 산정하였다. 파와 해류의 합성류에 의한 마찰력 계산방법으로 수정된 Bijker 모형(BYO Model)과 수정된 Fredsoe 모형(FY Model)을 Bijker의 관측자료에 적용하였으며, 두 모형 모두 한가지씩 새로운 개선책을 제시하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1995

Fully developed turbulent flow through three concentric annuli with both the rough inner and outer walls was experimentally investigated for a Reynolds number range Re=15,000-85,000. Measurements were made of the pressure drop, the positions of zero shear stress and maximum velocity, and the velocity distributions in annuli of radius ratios, ${\alpha}=0.26$, 0.4 and 0.56, respectively. The experimental results showed that the positions of zero shear streess and maximum velocity were only weakly dependent on the Reynolds number. It was also found that the position of zero shear stress was not coincident with that of maximum velocity. Furthmore, the former was influenced more sensitively than the latter on the square-ribbed roughness along the axial direction.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2002

Low hemolysis is one of the key factors in the production of successful rotary blood pumps. It is, however, difficult to identify the areas where hemolysis occurs. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis enables the engineer to predict hemolysis on a computer Fluid dynamics in five different axial flow pumps was analyzed 3-dimensionally using CFD software. The impeller was rotated at a speed which supplied a flow of 5L/min at a pressure difference of 100mmHg. Changes in the turbulent kinetic energy along streamlines through the pumps were computed. Reynolds' shear stress( (equation omitted) ) was calculated using the turbulent kinetic energy. Hemolysis was evaluated based on Reynolds'shear stress and its exposure time(t) : dHb/Hb=3.62$\times$10$^{-5}$ $t^{0.785}$$\tau$$^{2.416}$ . Hemolysis of the pumps was measured in vitro using fresh bovine blood to which citrate phosphate dextrose was added to prevent clotting. A pump flow of 5L/min was maintained at a pressure difference of 100mmHg for 3h. The normalized index of hemolysis(NIH) as measured. Reynolds' shear stress was high behind the impellers. The measured NIH and the calculated hemolysis(dHb/Hb) shoed a good correlation; NIH=0.0003(dHb/Hb) (r=0.90, n=6) in the range of NIH between 0.003 and 1.1. CFD analysis can predict the in vitro results of hemolysis as well as the areas where hemolysis occurs.ysis occurs.