• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.113-116
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• 2005

In this study, in order to. investigate the effectiveness af tuned liquid damper (TLD) for the seismic performance enhancement af the existing reinforced concrete (RC) apartment structure which is nat seismically designed, shaking table test was conducted for the small scale five stary RC structure with TLD. TLD model was constructed to. have the frequency tuned to. the first modal frequency af the structure, $2\%$ mass ratio. af the first modal mass, and 0.08 liquid depth ratio. White noise with $0.2\~5Hz$ frequency bandwidth tests were performed using the shaking table at Korea Institute af Machinery and Materials, and the displacement and absolute acceleration af each floor were measured. Test results indicate that mare than $30\%$ seismic responses reduction can be achieved using TLD for RC structure under white noise.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.339-355
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• 2009

The sealed, tuned liquid column gas damper (TLCGD) with gas-spring effect extends the frequency range of application up to about 5 Hz and efficiently increases the modal structural damping. In this paper the influence of several TLCGDs to reduce coupled translational and rotational vibrations of plan-asymmetric buildings under wind or seismic loads is investigated. The locations of the modal centers of velocity of rigidly assumed floors are crucial to select the design and the optimal position of the liquid absorbers. TLCGD's dynamics can be derived in detail using the extended non-stationary Bernoulli's equation for moving reference systems. Modal tuning of the TLCGD renders the optimal parameters by means of a geometrical transformation and in analogy to the classical tuned mass damper (TMD). Subsequently, fine-tuning is conveniently performed in the state space domain. Numerical simulations illustrate a significant reduction of the vibrations of plan-asymmetric buildings by the proposed TLCGDs.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.271-296
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• 2006

The frequency of a traditional tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) depends solely on the length of liquid column, which imposes certain restrictions on its application to long span cable-stayed bridges during construction. The configuration of a cable-stayed bridge varies from different construction stages and so do its natural frequencies. It is thus difficult to apply TLCD with a fixed configuration to the bridge during construction or it is not economical to design a series of TLCD with different liquid lengths to suit for various construction stages. Semi-active tuned liquid column damper (SATLCD) with adaptive frequency tuning capacity is studied in this paper for buffeting response control of a long span cable-stayed bridge during construction. The frequency of SATLCD can be adjusted by active control of air pressures inside the air chamber at the two ends of the container. The performance of SATLCD for suppressing combined lateral and torsional vibration of a real long span cable-stayed bridge during construction stage is numerically investigated using a finite element-based approach. The finite element model of SATLCD is also developed and incorporated into the finite element model of the bridge for predicting buffeting response of the coupled SATLCD-bridge system in the time domain. The investigations show that with a fixed container configuration, the SATLCD with adaptive frequency tuning can effectively reduce buffeting response of the bridge during various construction stages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.432-441
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• 2008

In this study, the control performance of a Tuned Liquid Mass Damper(TLMD) manufactured to reduce the orthogonal bi-directional responses of building structures was experimentally evaluated. the TLMD using only one control device reduce bi-directional responses of building structures by making the TLMD behave as TMD and TLCD to the strong and weak axial direction of building structures. first, the control performance was evaluated by forcing sinusoidal waves to a test model that the TLMD is installed on the scale-downed building structure. Second, the real-time hybrid shaking table test was performed to evaluate the performance of the vibration control system made up of numerical part as a scale-downed building structural model and a physical experimental part as a TLMD. the superiority of bi-directional vibration control performance of the manufactured TLMD was verified by comparing the uncontrolled and controlled results of these tests.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.256-263
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• 2006

In this paper, an experimental hybrid method, which implements the earthquake response control of a building structure with a TLD(Tuned Liquid Damper) by using only a TLD as an experimental part, is proposed and is experimentally verified through a shaking table test. In the proposed methodology, the whole building structure with a TLD is divided into the upper TLD and the lower structural parts as experimental and numerical substructures, respectively. At the moment, the control force acting between their interface is measured from the experimental TLD with shear-type load-cell which is mounted on shaking table. Shaking table vibrates the upper experimental TLD with the response calculated from the numerical substructure, which is subjected to the excitations of the measured interface control force at its top story and an earthquake input at its base. The experimental results show that the conventional method, in which both a TLD and a building structure model are physically manufactured and are tested, can be replaced by the proposed methodology with a simple experimental installation and a good accuracy for evaluating the control performance of a TLD.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.275-290
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• 2006

In this paper, the performance of a tuned liquid damper (TLD) in suppressing the seismic response of buildings is investigated with shake table testing of a four-story steel frame model that rests on pile foundation. The model tests were performed in three phases with the steel frame structure alone, the soil and pile foundation system, and the soil-foundation-structure system, respectively. The test results from different phases were compared to study the effect of soil-structure interaction on the efficiency of a TLD in reducing the peak response of the structure. The influence of a TLD on the dynamic response of the pile foundation was investigated as well. Three types of earthquake excitations were considered with different frequency characteristics. Test results indicated that TLD can suppress the peak response of the structure up to 20% regardless of the presence of soils. TLD is also effective in reducing the dynamic responses of pile foundation.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2008

In this study, it was investigated for dynamic nonlinear characteristics using dynamic data obtained by shaking table test. The design of Tuned Liquid Damper(TLD) has limitation to plan based on Tuned Mass Damper(TMD) analogy and linear wave theory. Also, while there are many studies regarding properties of TLD under harmonic load, there are not estimated for dynamic non-linear characteristics of TLD under the load that is not governed by particular frequency like a white noise. This paper investigated dynamic non-linear characteristics of TLD varied with load amplitude using a white noise and suggested equations that can estimate damping ratio, natural frequency ratio and effective mass ratio of TLD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.161-165
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• 2013

In this paper, possibility of controlling motion of a floating structure using a tuned liquid damper (TLD) is numerically investigated. A TLD is a tank partially filled with liquid. Sloshing phenomena of liquid inside a tank can suppress movement of the tank subject to external excitations at specific frequency. The effects of sloshing phenomena inside a rectangular floating body on its sway motion are investigated by varying excitation frequency. First, a grid-refinement study is carried out to ensure validity of grid independent numerical solutions using present numerical techniques. Then, sway motion of the floating body subjected to wave with five different frequencies are simulated. The normalized amplitudes of sway motion of the target floating body are compared over the frequency, for cases with and without water inside the floating body. It is shown that the motion of the floating body can be minimized by matching the sloshing natural frequency to excitation frequency.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.89-105
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• 2008

The paper presents a study on the effects of soil-structure-interaction (SSI) on the performance of the compliant liquid column damper (CLCD) for the seismic vibration control of short period structures. The frequency-domain formulation for the input-output relation of a flexible-base structure with CLCD has been derived. The superstructure has been modeled as a linear, single degreeof-freedom (SDOF) system. The foundation has been considered to be attached to the underlying soil medium through linear springs and viscous dashpots, the properties of which have been represented by complex valued impedance functions. By using a standard equivalent linearization technique, the nonlinear orifice damping of the CLCD has been replaced by equivalent linear viscous damping. A numerical stochastic study has been carried out to study the functioning of the CLCD for varying degrees of SSI. Comparison of the damper performance when it is tuned to the fixed-base structural frequency and when tuned to the flexible-base structural frequency has been made. The effects of SSI on the optimal value of the orifice damping coefficient of the damper has also been studied. A more convenient approach for designing the damper while considering SSI, by using an established model of a replacement oscillator for the structure-soil system has also been presented. Finally, a simulation study, using a recorded accelerogram, has been carried out on the CLCD performance for the flexible-base structure.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2021

In 2016, an innovative liquid damper system was installed on the roof of a 35-story modular building in Brooklyn, NY to mitigate wind-induced movement of the structure. The new damper presented several advantages over traditional pendulum, liquid column or sloshing dampers, including lower fabrication and maintenance costs, modularity, and the flexibility to be tuned to a wider range of frequencies. The performance of the system was monitored on a regular basis over the past four years and found adequate, with only minor re-tuning and maintenance operations needed. Based on the experience and data gained through this project, a second iteration of the damper was developed. Called Hummingbird, the improved system further mitigates maintenance and tuning concerns, while allowing significant space savings.