• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.496-504
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• 2022

Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) is considered a principal cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with mucus hypersecretion and airway inflammation. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a product of ginsenoside metabolism, has various biological activities. Studies on the effects of CK for the treatment of COPD and mucus hypersecretion, including the underlying signaling mechanism, have not yet been conducted. Methods: To study the protective effects and molecular mechanism of CK, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells were used as a cellular model of airway inflammation. An experimental mouse COPD model was also established via CS inhalation and intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 secretion, as well as elastase activity and reactive oxygen species production, were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory cell influx and mucus secretion in mouse lung tissues were estimated using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff staining, respectively. PKCδ and its downstream signaling molecules were analyzed via western blotting. Results: CK prevented the secretion of MUC5AC and TNF-α in PMA-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and exhibited a protective effect in COPD mice via the suppression of inflammatory mediators and mucus secretion. These effects were accompanied by an inactivation of PKCδ and related signaling in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: CK suppressed pulmonary inflammation and mucus secretion in COPD mouse model through PKC regulation, highlighting the compound's potential as a useful adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of COPD.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.76.1-76.14
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• 2022

Background: Clinical dexamethasone (DEX) treatment or stress in bovines results in extensive physiological changes with prominent hyperglycemia and neutrophils dysfunction. Objectives: To elucidate the effects of DEX treatment in vivo on cellular energy status and the underlying mechanism in circulating neutrophils. Methods: We selected eight-month-old male bovines and injected DEX for 3 consecutive days (1 time/d). The levels of glucose, total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in blood were examined, and we then detected glycogen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, phosphofructosekinase-1 (PFK1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity, glucose transporter (GLUT)1, GLUT4, sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT)1 and citrate synthase (CS) protein expression and autophagy levels in circulating neutrophils. Results: DEX injection markedly increased blood glucose, TP and TC levels, the Ca²⁺/P⁵⁺ ratio and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and significantly decreased blood IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Particularly in neutrophils, DEX injection inhibited p65-NFκB activation and elevated glycogen and ATP contents and SGLT1, GLUT1 and GR expression while inhibiting PFK1 activity, enhancing G6PDH activity and CS expression and lowering cell autophagy levels. Conclusions: DEX induced neutrophils glucose uptake by enhancing SGLT1 and GLUT1 expression and the transformation of energy metabolism from glycolysis to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)-tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This finding gives us a new perspective on deeper understanding of clinical anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on bovine.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.72.1-72.14
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• 2022

Background: The treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI), a common disease in dogs, is limited. Therefore, an effective method to prevent AKI in veterinary clinics is particularly crucial. Objectives: Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is the third gaseous signal molecule involved in various physiological functions of the body. The present study investigated the effect of H₂S on cisplatin-induced AKI and the involved mechanisms in dogs. Methods: Cisplatin-injected dogs developed AKI symptoms as indicated by renal dysfunction and pathological changes. In the H₂S-treated group, 50 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) solution was injected at 1 mg/kg/h for 30 min before cisplatin injection. After 72 h, tissue and blood samples were collected immediately. We performed biochemical tests, optical microscopy studies, analysis with test kits, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. Results: The study results demonstrated that cisplatin injection increased necroptosis and regulated the corresponding protein expression of receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1, RIPK3, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1; furthermore, it activated the expressions of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B, and interleukin-1β, in canine kidney tissues. Moreover, cisplatin triggered oxidative stress and affected energy metabolism. Conversely, an injection of NaHS solution considerably reduced the aforementioned changes. Conclusions: In conclusion, H₂S protects the kidney from cisplatin-induced AKI through the mitigation of necroptosis and inflammation. These findings provide new and valuable clues for the treatment of canine AKI and are of great significance for AKI prevention in veterinary clinics.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1120-1129
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine the protective efficacy of Buddha's Temple (BT) extract against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress in Gallus gallus chicken embryo fibroblast cell line (DF-1) and its effects on the cell lipid metabolism. Methods: In this experimental study, Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cells were pretreated with BT 10^-7 for 24 hours, followed by their six-hour exposure to t-BHP (100 μM). Water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 (WST-8) assays were performed, and the growth curve was computed. The intracellular gene expression changes caused by BT extract were confirmed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Flow cytometry, oil red O staining experiment, and thin-layer chromatography were performed for the detection of intracellular metabolic mechanism changes. Results: The WST-8 assay results showed that the BT pretreatment of Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cell increased their cell survival rate by 1.08%±0.04%, decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by 0.93%±0.12% even after exposure to oxidants, and stabilized mitochondrial activity by 1.37%±0.36%. In addition, qPCR results confirmed that the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-beta (TICAM1), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were regulated, which contributed to cell stabilization. Thin-layer chromatography and oil red O analyses showed a clear decrease in the contents of lipid metabolites such as triacylglycerol and free fatty acids. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that the examined BT extract exerted selective protective effects on Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cells against cell damage caused by t-BHP, which is a strong oxidative inducer. Furthermore, we established that this extract significantly reduced the intracellular ROS accumulation due to oxidative stress, which contributes to an increase in poultry production and higher incomes.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.330-330
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• 2022

In recent studies, cold plasma has been used to induce exudation of polyphenols and flavonoids from food materials, leading to enhancement of functional properties. And it is known that polyphenols interact with inflammation related metabolism. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of cold plasma treatments on the increase of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and anti-inflammatory activities of 'Sinpalkwang' peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) hull. Plasma treatments were carried out using a dielectric barrier discharge gas exchange system at different radicals and temperatures (O₃-25℃, O₃-150℃, NO_x-150℃). Significant differences in TPC, TFC, and inflammatory mediator such as nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages were observed between treated and non-treated peanut hull samples (p < 0.001). Cold plasma treated samples showed higher content (TPC: 2.87-2.93 mg/g sample, TFC: 0.96-0.98 mg/g sample) than non-treated sample (TPC: 2.47 mg/g sample, TFC: 0.78 mg/g sample). Cold plasma treated samples showed lower content of NO (3.3-5.0 uM) and TNF-α (141.4-162.2 ng/mL) than non-treated sample (NO: 11.1 uM, TNF-α: 210.2 ng/mL). This study suggests that cold plasma has potential to improve functionalities of food materials and that cold plasma treated peanut hull can be used as immune enhancing materials.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1299-1306
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• 2024

Antibiotics are used to control infectious diseases. However, adverse effects of antibiotics, such as devastation of the gut microbiota and enhancement of the inflammatory response, have been reported. Health benefits of fermented milk are established and can be enhanced by the addition of probiotic strains. In this study, we evaluated effects of fermented milk containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) SNUG50430 in a mouse model with antibiotic treatment. Fermented milk containing 2 × 10⁵ colony-forming units of L. rhamnosus SNUG50430 was administered to six week-old female BALB/c mice for 1 week. Interleukin (IL)-10 levels in colon samples were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to water-treated mice, whereas interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were decreased, of mice treated with fermented milk containing L. rhamnosus SNUG50430-antibiotics-treated (FM+LR+Abx-treated) mice. Phylum Firmicutes composition in the gut was restored and the relative abundances of several bacteria, including the genera Coprococcus and Lactobacillus, were increased in FM+LR+Abx-treated mice compared to PBS+Abx-treated mice. Interestingly, abundances of genus Coprococcus and Lactobacillus were positively correlated with IL-5 and IL-10 levels (P < 0.05) in colon samples and negative correlated with IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in serum samples (P < 0.001). Acetate and butyrate were increased in mice with fermented milk and fecal microbiota of FM+LR+Abx-treated mice were highly enriched with butyrate metabolism pathway compared to water-treated mice (P < 0.05). Thus, fermented milk containing L. rhamnosus SNUG50430 was shown to ameliorate adverse health effects caused by antibiotics through modulating immune responses and the gut microbiota.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2001

목적: $^{123}I$ 표지된 지방산 유도체는 심근에너지대사를 평가하는데 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구는 $^{123}I$-BMIPP를 지방육종 진단물질로서의 유용성을 평가하기 위하여, 지방육종 세포주와 신경교종 세포주간의 시험관내의 섭취율을 비교하고 지방육종 형성 nude mice 동물모델에서의 생체분포와 생체영상을 확인하였다. 대상 및 방법: Cold-BMIPP에 $^{123}I$의 표지는 $Cu^{2+}$를 촉매로 이용하여 반응 후 Sep-pak으로 분리정제하여 TLC를 이용하여 방사화학적 순도를 확인하였다. 시험관내 섭취율 시험은 $^{123}I$-BMIPP를 지방육종 세포주인 SW872와 신경교종 세포주인 9L에 각각 시간대별로 5분, 15분, 30분, 60분, 120분, 180분씩 처리한 후 섭취율을 비교하였다. 정상 백서에서의 생체분포를 평가하기 위하여 18시간 금식시킨 군(n=6/군)과 식이를 한 군으로하여 $^{123}I$-BMIPP를 꼬리정맥에 주사하고 30분, 2시간, 24시간후의 각 장기별 방사능을 감마카운터로 계측하였다. 지방육종 세포주인 SW872를 왼쪽 대퇴부에 피하접종한후 종양이 형성된 누드마우스(n=5/군)를 18시간 금식시키고 $^{123}I$-BMIPP를 주사한 후 30분, 2시간, 24시간후의 생체분포와 2시간, 24시간의 생체영상을 평가하였다. 결과: $^{123}I$-BMIPP의 표지수율은 95 % 이상이었으며, 방사화학적 순도는 99 % 이상이었다. 지방육종 세포주인 SW872가 신경교종 세포주인 9L보다 180분에서 1.5배 정도의 섭취율의 증가를 나타내었다. 정상 백서에서의 생체분포를 확인한 결과, 24시간에서 금식을 한 경우가 식이를 한 경우보다 방사성표지 지방산의 제거율이 지연됨을 알 수가 있었으며 주요 배출장기는 위장관으로 확인되었다. 지방육종이 형성된 누드마우스에서 각 시간대별로 Tumor/Blood 비율은 0.94, 0.75, 1.38이었고, Tumor/Muscle의 비율은 0.66, 1.53, 1.11을 나타내었다. 24시간의 감마카메라영상에서 지방육종으로의 국소적인 집적이 확인되었다. 결론: 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 지방육종에서 $^{123}I$-BMIPP를 지방육종 영상물질로서의 사용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2008

급성기 반응 중인 육계 병아리에서 미역 2.0% 사료가 영양소 대사, 항산화 효소활성 및 세포성 면역에 미치는 영향이 조사 되었다. 갓 부화한 숫 육계 병아리(Ross)는 4주간의 실험 사육기간에 미역 0.0%(기초) 및 2.0% 사료를 급여하고, 8, 10, 및 12일령에 Salmonella typhymurium lipopolysaccharide(LPS)를 복강내 주입하여 급성기 반응을 활성화 하였다. 실험사육 전기간을 통한 생산성은 사료 중 미역 함량이나 급성기 반응 또는 그 경험의 영향이 없었다. 대조(정상) 병아리에 비하여, 급성기 반응은 미역 2.0% 사료에서 일당 증체량에 영향이 없었으나, 혈장 과산화물 분해효소, 세포외액 SOD(EcSOD) (p<0.05), 적혈구 MnSOD와 CuZnSOD 활성을 높이고, 그리고 사료 중 미역 함량과 관계없이 대사체중(kg0.75) 당 NB와 ME이용량를 낮추고 TNF-α와 ovotransferrin 활성을 높였다. 미역 0.0% 사료에 비하여, 미역 2.0% 사료는, 급성기 반응과 관계없이 kg0.75 당 NB를 증가시켰고, 급성기 반응 중에는 kg0.75당 UAN 배설에 영향이 없었으나, 혈장 과산화물 농도와 적혈구 세포액의 과산화물 분해효소와 MnSOD(p<0.05) 활성을 낮추고 혈장 과산화물 분해효소와 EcSOD 활성은 높이고(p<0.05), 4주령 병아리에서 LPS 자극 PBMC에서 분비한 IL-1 활성을 증가시켰다.(주 단어:미역, LPS, 단백질과 에너지대사, 항산화계, 친염증성 사이토카인, PBMC, 육계 병아리)

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2015

라이코펜은 항산화제로서 많이 알려져 있지만, 최근에는 포유동물에서 염증 관련 면역과 지방대사 조절자로서 관심의 대상이 되기 시작하였다. 본 연구는 산란계에서 라이코펜의 가공 및 급이형태가 지방대사, 지방산 및 포도당 운반, 면역관련 유전자들의 발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 실시하였다. 백색레그혼(25주령) 48수를 lycopene의 첨가원에 따라 대조군(CON, basal diet(BD)), 토마토 건조분말 급여군(T1, BD+tomato powder-containing 10 mg lycopene/kg 사료), 토마토 건조분말 유화처리군(T2, BD+micellar of tomato powder-containing 10 mg lycopene/kg 사료) 및 정제 lycopene 급여군 (T3, BD+purified 10 mg lycopene/kg 사료) 등 모두 4처리구로 설정하여 5주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험 종료 후 각 개체의 간으로부터 total RNA를 추출하고 real-time PCR을 이용하여 유전자들의 발현을 분석하였다. 라이코펜을 급여받은 닭은 급여형태와 관계없이 모두 PPAR${\gamma}$의 발현을 억제하였다(P<0.05). 지방합성효소 유전자 FASN의 발현은 T2에서 효과적으로 감소하였으나(P<0.05), T1, T3에서는 영향이 없었다. SREBP2와 C/EBP${\alpha}$ 또한 T2에서 효과적으로 유전자 발현이 억제됨을 보였다. 세포 내 포도당 흡수기능을 하는 GLUT8은 T2와 T3에서 유전자 발현이 증가하였다(P<0.05). 지방산 산화를 위한 지방산 운반체인 CPT-1 유전자는 라이코펜에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 면역 관련 염증인자인 TNF${\alpha}$와 IL6는 라이코펜에 의하여 효과적으로 그 발현이 억제되었다(P<0.05). 본 연구결과는 라이코펜의 급여 형태가 지방대사 관련 유전자 발현에 영향을 미치며, 그 중 유화처리된 라이코펜이 지방대사, 포도당 및 면역반응에 더 효과적 급이 수단이 될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1035-1043
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• 2014

To investigate the effect of dietary Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS) on growth performance, immunity, blood parameters and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in immunologically challenged piglets, an experiment employing $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement concerning dietary ASPS treatment (0 or 800 mg/kg) and immunological challenge (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] or saline injection) was conducted with 64 crossbred piglets (weaned at 28 d of age, average initial body weight of $7.25{\pm}0.21kg$) assigned to two dietary ASPS treatments with 8 replicates of 4 pigs each. Half of the piglets of per dietary treatment were injected with LPS or saline on d 14. Blood samples were obtained at 3 h after immunological injection on d 14 and piglets were slaughtered to obtain spleen samples on d 21. Dietary ASPS did not affect average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.634), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.655), and gain:feed (p = 0.814) prior to LPS challenge. After LPS challenge, for LPS-challenged pigs those fed ASPS had higher ADG and ADFI than the non-supplemented group (p<0.05), and an interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was observed on the two indices (p<0.05). Dietary ASPS improved lymphocyte proliferation among saline-injected and LPS-injected pigs (p<0.05). Interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was also revealed on lymphocyte proliferation (p<0.05). Circulatory concentration of IgG was influenced neither by ASPS (p = 0.803) or LPS (p = 0.692), nor their interaction (p = 0.289). Plasma concentration and spleen mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ were induced to increase (p<0.05) by LPS challenge, in contrast, these indices were decreased by dietary ASPS (p<0.05), and interactions were found on these cytokines (p<0.05). For LPS-challenged pigs, dietary ASPS also reduced the circulating concentration and spleen mRNA expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 as well as TNF-${\alpha}$ (p<0.05). The interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was also observed on the circulating concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I, ${\alpha}$-acid glycoprotein (${\alpha}$-AGP), nonesterified fatty acid, and glucose (p<0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that dietary ASPS can modulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during immunological challenge, which might enable piglets to achieve better growth performance.