• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.619-624
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• 2008

배경: 기저폐질환이 없이 늑막하 폐기포의 파열에 의해 발생되는 원발성 자연 기흉 환자들과는 달리, 이차성 자연 기흉 환자들은 다양한 기저폐질환을 가지고 있으며, 재발의 빈도나 그에 따른 치료방침이 다르다. 본 연구는 이차성 자연기흉으로 입원치료를 시행한 환자들에 대하여 재발의 빈도 및 양상, 그리고 치료방법에 대한 결과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 3월부터 2007년 3월까지 초발한 이차성 자연기흉 환자 85명을 대상으로 치료방법, 재발양상, 재발에 영향을 미치는 인자들에 대하여 후향적으로 의무기록을 분석하였다. 결과: 이차성 자연기흉의 기저질환으로는 폐결핵이 49.4%로 가장 많았으며, 만성폐쇄성 폐질환이 27.6%였다. 평균 $21.1{\pm}6.7$개월($0{\sim}36$개월)의 추적기간 동안 40명의 환자가 재발하여 재발율은 47.1%였으며, 3회 재발율은 10.9%, 4회 재발율은 3.5%였다. 재발기간은 1년이내 재발한 경우가 70.5%였다 치료 성공율은 흥강삽관술만으로 47.6%, 흉관을 통한 흉막유착술 74.4%, 기낭절제수술 71%, Heimlich도관거치 50%로 흉막유착술의 성공율이 가장 높았다. 재발에 영향을 미치는 인자는 7일 이상의 공기누출이었다(p=0.002). 결론: 초발한 이차성 자연기흉 환자에서 7일 이상 공기뉴출이 되는 경우는 재발의 위험성이 높았다. 흉막유착술은 이차성 기흉환자의 재발방지에 유용한 치료방법이나, 앞으로 보다 많은 환자들을 대상으로 표준화된 치료지침의 개발이 필요하겠다.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.38-45
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• 2005

The egg bags of Korean salamander(Hynobius leechii) were collected from farmlands in Gyeongsangnam-do area. The assumed breeding time, numerical variation of embryos in each egg bag, mortality and the rates of abnormalities were investigated. The toxicity of benomyl, the metabolite carbendazim and BIC which were frequently spread in agricultural area and caused spontaneous embryonic malformation was investigated. The assumed breeding time between the end of February and the end of March has the difference about a month because of a habitat and it takes about 2 or 3 weeks from laying eggs to hatching. The length of each egg bag and the number of embryos were very varied in each area. It is due to geographical variation. Among egg bags in total study area, only 406 of egg bags(17.70% of total egg bags) developed all of embryos to normal larvae, and 78.49% of total embryos were normally developed. The patterns of spontaneous embryonic malformation were 26 species from A to Z and the abnormal patterns in individual were 8 species and above. the geographical differences about the abnormal pattern were identified and 11 habitats categorized 4 groups. The most frequent abnormality in Gyeongsangnam-do area is the dysplasia of external gill. The caudal dysplasia, abdominal blister and dysplasia of fin were also frequently observed. Individuals showing severe external defect were histologically studied and they showed retinal hypo-pigmentation, thyroid carcinoma, somatic muscular dysplasia, degeneration of cephalic neuron and various organ dysplasia. Benomyl and carbendazim were treated by 10pM$^{\sim}$10uM and BIC was treated by 1$^{\sim}$40ppm to know the effect of toxicity about toxic substance of salamander. After benomyl was treated, a survival rate was sharply dropped from 2 to 8 days. $LC_{100}$ identified in $1{\mu}M$, $LC_{50}$ identified between 100nM and $1{\mu}M$. $EC_{50}$ was assumed between 10nM and 100nM. The prevalent external malformation was abdomen swelled abnormally and histo-pathological effects were abdomen, neural tube and lens hernia. This suggests that benomyl is the toxicitic substance which inhibits the development of digestive system and nervous system. The result of treated carbendazim was similar to that of the treated benomyl. The survival rate is sharply dropped between 2 and 6 days. $LC_{100}$ was identified $1{\mu}M$ and $LC_{50}$ was identified between 10nM and 100nM. This shows that cabendazim has stronger lethal toxicity than benomyl. Ventral blister, eye dysplasia and cephalic dysplasia in the individual of external malformation mean that cabendazim affected nervous system much more than benomyl. Because the toxicity of BIC affected less in the beginning but affected more in the near hatching period, the period causing toxicity is somewhat different. $LC_{100}$ identified near 40ppm and $LC_{50}$ identified near 25ppm. The external defect shows mainly ventral blister and histo-pathological results show intestinal deformities. This result suggests the BIC inhibited strongly the development of digestive system. These abnormal developments may be caused by antimitotic action, inhibition of tubulin complex, destruction of microtubule, inhibitions of neurulation and closing of neural fold, and by the inhibition of movement of neural crest cells of benomyl. These abnormal developments may be caused by the rupture of epithelium, the loss of microtubule, the reduction of spindle size, the inhibition of spindle assembly formation, the destruction of spindle poles of carbendazim. These abnormal developments may be caused cytotoxicity by inhibition of the synthesis of a number of macromolecules and similar reaction the inhibition of benomyl.