Background: Shoulder function is achieved by the coordinated movements of the scapula, humerus, and thoracic spine, and shoulder disorders can be associated with altered scapular kinematics. The trunk plays an important role as the kinematic chain during arm elevation. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of thoracic hyperkyphosis on scapular orientation and trunk motion. Methods: Thirty-one subjects (15 in the ideal thorax group and 16 in the thoracic hyperkyphosis group) performed right-arm abduction and adduction movements in an unconstrained plane. The scapular orientation and trunk motion were recorded using a motion analysis system. Results: Those subjects with thoracic hyperkyphosis displayed greater scapular posterior tilting at a $120^{\circ}$ shoulder elevation, greater scapular internal rotation throughout the arm raising phase, and greater trunk axial rotation at the upper ranges of the shoulder elevation, compared to those subjects with an ideal thorax (p<.05). Conclusion: Thoracic hyperkyphosis can cause scapular instability, greater trunk rotation and greater scapular posterior tilting, and may contribute to preventing the achievement of a full range of humeral abductions in an unconstrained plane.
Purpose : The aim of this study was to identify of bilateral trunk rotation(BTR) exercise and PNF exercise on gait in the individuals with malalignment syndrome. Methods : Subjects were 32 that were divided 2 groups in 20's generation. Interventions were trunk ratation exercise and PNF exercise. We used Medex for trunk rotation exercise. BTR group received exercise for three-sets (10min/set) along with stretching exercise ten-minutes, 3 times per week. PNF group took turns the D1 pattern in upper extremity and the D1 pattern in the opposite side of lower extremity for three-sets (10min/set). The measurement were force metatarsal 1 (FM 1), impulse metatarsal 1 (IM 1), force heel lat (FHL), impulse heel lat (IHL) by using footscan (RS scan). Statistical method was repeated measurement of ANOVA and p value was 0.05. Results : BTR and PNF group were significantly different in time(FM 1, IM 1, FHL, IHL). As different of right/left, BTR and PNF exercise were significantly different in FM 1, IM 1, FHL. Conclusion : BTR exercise was good exercise for malalignment but needs expensive equipment, for example, Medex. PNF exercise doesn't need expensive equipment but good method in malalignment syndrome person for gait ability. If PNF exercise is more experiment, PNF exercise could use variety for more patients.
Kim, Sol-Bi;Chang, Yun-Hee;Kim, Shin-Ki;Bae, Tae-Soo;Mun, Mu-Seong;Park, Jong-Chul
Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
/
v.29
no.7
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pp.805-810
/
2012
Determining of the exercise intensity is very important in terms of induction of low fatigue during exercise. Little information is available on the contraction level of the trunk muscles during whole body tilts with and without axial rotation. This study was to investigate the difference muscle activation level according to axial rotation. Twenty subjects were participated. The muscle activities of the five trunk muscles were bilaterally measured at eight axial rotation angles with 12 tilt angles along $15^{\circ}$ intervals. The results showed that tilt with $45^{\circ}$ axial rotation was more balanced in the same tilt angle and was maintained approximately level of 40% MVC at over $60^{\circ}$ tilt angle with respect to co-contraction of abdominal and back muscle. Lumbar stabilization exercise using whole body tilts would be more effective with axial rotation than without axial rotation in terms of muscle co-contraction.
Kim, Ki-Song;Yoo, Hwan-Suk;Jung, Doh-Heon;Jeon, Hye-Seon
Physical Therapy Korea
/
v.17
no.1
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pp.36-42
/
2010
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of reaching distance on movement time and trunk kinematics in hemiplegic patients. Eight hemiplegic patients participated in this study. The independent variables were side (sound side vs. affected side) and target distance (70%, 90%, 110%, and 130% of upper limb). The dependent variables were movement time measured by pressure switch and trunk kinematics measured by motion analysis device. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used with Bonferroni post-hoc test. (1) There were significant main effects in side and reaching distance for movement time (p=.01, p=.02). Post-hoc test revealed that there was a significant difference between 110% and 130% of reaching distance (p=.01). (2) There was a significant main effect in side and reaching distance for trunk flexion (p=.01, p=.00). Post-hoc test revealed that there were significant differences in all pair-wise reaching distance comparison. (3) There was a significant side by target distance interaction for trunk rotation (p=.04). There was a significant main effect in target distance (p=.00). Post-hoc test revealed that there were significant differences between 70% and 110%, 70% and 130%, 90% and 110%, 90% and 130% of target distance. It was known that trunk flexion is used more than trunk rotation during reaching task in hemiplegic patients from the findings of this study. It is also recommended that reaching training is performed with limiting trunk movement within 90% of target distance whereas reaching training is performed incorporating with trunk movement beyond 90% of target distance in patients with hemiplegia.
Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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v.9
no.4
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pp.1676-1682
/
2018
The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of lumbar rotational mobilization under the single-leg standing (SLS) position. Fifteen healthy individuals were recruited, and randomized to agroup of trunk rotational exercise (TRE) and lumbar rotational mobilization (LRM). Trunk twist rotational exercise was performed to the TRE group, and mobilization was applied to the LRM group on the lumbar spine. Velocity of the center of pressure (VCOP) and center of pressure (COP) for each participant were measured through SLS. COPs were not significantly increased or decreased after treatment in both groups. VCOPs also did not change considerably except on the right side when the eye was closed. There was no significant difference between COPs and VCOPs in two groups. This study suggests that trunk rotation exercise and lumbar rotation mobilization would have similar effects on balance ability.
True lateral scapula image was very important to diagnosis the scapula fracture and dislocation induced by traumatic injury. The aim of this study was to know the patient rotation angle to be showing the scapula true lateral in korean. d Materials Thirty patients(22men, 8 women, mean ages 53.4)with scapular pain, had supine Anteroposterior projection taken with $30^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ trunk rotation angle changing the manual angulation material. Radiographs were evaluated independently by 5 experienced observers(1 orthopedics surgery specialist, 1 diagnostic radiology specialist, 3 radiological technologist) They assessed overlap of vertebral border and axillary border of scapula as follows; Totally overlapping of vertebral border and axillary border is 4, partially overlapping is 3, not overlapping is 2 and oblique location with two borders is 1. All observers scored using by PACS monitor.$30^{\circ}$ trunk rotation was scored $1.53{\pm}0.39$, $40^{\circ}$ trunk rotation was scored $3.83{\pm}0.15$ and $45^{\circ}$ trunk rotation was scored $2.17{\pm}0.43$. There was no difference(p<0.05) between group of more than 100cm of the girth of the chest and group of less than 100cm. Similarly, men and women group showed no difference(p<0.05) with trunk rotation statistically. There was no result of trunk rotation angle to radiograph the true scapula lateral image up to date. This studies were summarized as follows; Adaptation of $40^{\circ}$ trunk rotation was the best to show the true scapula lateral image in korean. Our results were very useful to get the true scapula lateral images in clinic.
The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyography (EMG) activities of the lumbar extensor muscles during motion of trunk flexion-extension and compare range of motion (ROM) with a 3-dimensional motion analysis system of the lumbar region between subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and healthy subjects during the trunk flexion-extension, trunk rotation and trunk lateral flexion cycle. Thirty CLBP subjects and thirty healthy subjects were included. We measured the root mean square (RMS) value of the lumbar extensor muscles from resting, standing, lumbar flexion and return position. The RMS ratio was normalized from maximal EMG activity of the lumbar extensor muscles during trunk motion. The results of this study showed that the RMS ratio of the lumbar extensor was significantly higher in CLBP subjects than healthy subjects during all of trunk motion (p<.05). The ratio of the highest RMS value during flexion and extension was higher in CLBP subjects than in healthy subjects (p<.05). The ROM of the lumbar region was significantly lower in CLBP subjects than healthy subjects during trunk flexion-extension, trunk rotation and lateral flexion cycle. The relationship between the RMS ratio for full lumbar flexion and the ROM of lumbar flexion was not correlated significantly. CLBP subjects have both decreased ROM of the lumbar region and higher muscle activities of the lumbar extensor muscle than healthy subjects.
Background: This study aims to evaluate the effect of core stabilization exercise on the dynamic balance and horizontal rotation of the trunk in young adult men. Through this study, it is expected that various core stabilization exercises will prevent and treat musculoskeletal disease. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: The study subjects were recruited from young adult men in their 20s and 30s living in Seoul, and after the randomized controlled trial, it was divided into an experimental group training core stabilization exercise(n=15) and a control group(n=15). The evaluation methods of this study were modified Star Excursion Balance Test(mSEBT), Functional Reach Test(FRT), and Trunk Rotation Test(TRT). The experimental group performed three sets of crunches and deadbug exercises twice a week for eight weeks, and the control group did not perform any exercises similar to core stabilization exercise during the experimental period. Results: The result of the experiment, the experimental group showed significant improvement in mSEBT(p<.05), FRT(p<.05) and TRT(p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, core stabilization exercises improved dynamic balance and horizontal rotation of the trunk. As a result of this study, core stabilization exercise can prevent and treat musculoskeletal diseases even in healthy people.
The purpose of this study is to closely examine kinematic characteristics by jump phase of Li Xiaopeng motion in horse vaulting and provide the training data. In doing so, as a result of analyzing kinematic variables through 3-dimensional cinematographic using the high-speed video camera to Li Xiaopeng motion first performed at the men's vault competition at the 14th Busan Asian Games, the following conclusion was obtained. 1. It was indicated that at the post-flight, the increase of flight time and height and twisting rotational velocity has a decisive effect on the increase of twist displacement. And Li Xiaopeng motion showed longer flight time and higher flight height than Ropez motion with the same twist displacement of entire movement. Also the rotational displacement of the trunk at peak of COG was much short of $360^{\circ}$(one rotation) but twist displacement showed $606^{\circ}$. Likewise, Li Xiaopeng motion was indicated to concentrate on twist movement in the early flight. 2. It was indicated that at the landing, Li Xiaopeng motion gets the hip to move back, the trunk to stand up and the horizontal velocity of COG to slow down. This is thought to be the performance of sufficient landing, resulting from large security of rotational displacement of airborne and twist displacement. 3. It was indicated that at the board contact, Li Xiaopeng motion made a rapid rotation uprighting the trunk to recover slowing velocity caused by jumping with the horse in the back, and has already twisted the trunk nearly close to $40^{\circ}$ at board contact. Under the premise that elasticity is generated without the change of the feet contacting the board, it will give an aid to the rotation and twist of pre-flight. Thus, in the round-oH phase, the tap of waist according to the fraction and extension of hip joint and arm push is thought to be very important. 4. It was indicated that at the pre-flight, Li Xiaopeng motion showed bigger movement than the techniques of precedented studies rushing to the horse, and overcomes the concern of relatively low power of jump through the rapid rotation of the trunk. Li Xiaopeng motion secured much twist distance, increased rotational distance with the trunk bent forward, resulting in the effect of rushing to the horse. 5. At horse contact, Li Xiaopeng motion makes a short-time contact, and maintains horse take-off angle close to vertical, contributing to the increase of post-flight time and height. This is thought to be resulted from rapid move toward movement direction along with the rotational velocity of trunk rapidly earned prior to horse contact, and little shave of rotation axis according to twist motion because of effective twist in the same direction.
Yang, Hea-Duck;Kim, Chang-beom;Choi, Jong-Duk;Moon, Young
Physical Therapy Korea
/
v.27
no.3
/
pp.178-184
/
2020
Background: Stroke patients have reduced trunk control compared to normal people. The ability to control the trunk of a stroke patient is important for gait and balance. However, there is still a lack of research methods for the characteristics of stroke control in stroke patients. Objects: The aim of this research was to determine whether trunk position sense has any relation with balance and gait. Methods: This study assessed trunk performance by measuring position sense. Trunk position sense was assessed using the David back concept to determine trunk repositioning error in 20 stroke patients and 20 healthy subjects. Four trunk movements (flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation) were tested for repositioning error and the measurement was carried out 6 times per move; these parameters were used to compare the mean values obtained. Subjects with stroke were also evaluated with clinical measures of balance and gait. Results: There were significant differences in trunk repositioning error between the stroke group and the control group in flexion, lateral flexion to the affected side, lateral flexion to the unaffected side, rotation to the affected side, and rotation to the unaffected side. Mean flexion error: post-stroke: 7.95 ± 6.76 degrees, control: 3.32 ± 2.27; mean lateral flexion error to the affected side: 6.13 ± 3.79, to the unaffected side: 5.32 ± 3.15, control: 3.57 ± 1.92; mean rotation error to the affected side: 8.25 ± 3.09, to the unaffected side: 9.24 ± 3.94, control: 5.41 ± 1.82. There was an only significant negative correlation between the repositioning error of lateral flexion and the Berg balance scale score to the affected side (-0.483) and to the unaffected side (-0.497). A strong correlation between balance and gait was found. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that stroke patients exhibit greater trunk repositioning error than age-matched controls on all planes of movement except for extension. And lateral flexion has correlation with balance and gait.
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