• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in activation of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris when performing normal free squat with standinding position and free squat with $30^{\circ}$ flexed hip joint. Methods: Electromyograph surface electrodes were placed on the rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris of 19 healthy college students. The participants performed standing bilateral squats and standing bilateral squats with $30^{\circ}$ flexed hip joint with EMG measures taken upon initiation of muscle activity as confirmed by an electronic goniometer. Participants completed one trial with the EMG time measurements on each type. Results: There was a significant difference between normal squats(standing squats) and normal squats with $30^{\circ}$ flexed hip joint. The normal squat exercise was statistically higer than normal squat exercise with $30^{\circ}$ flexed trunk except for semitendinosus and biceps femoris that shown slightly high. Conclusions: As a result of this study, there were increases of muscle activity in both ways. In particular, it may be more beneficial for knee joint stabilization to perform normal squat exercise with standing position relatively.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 1980

The basic pattern of skirt should be functional in addition to be fit the body. The author paid special attention to the expansion and contraction of the shell which were made the lower trunk and thigh caused by sitting motions. The replicas of the shell were taken by using a gypsum method on 1 female under 4 standardized motions; standing motion, (basic motion), sitting on the chair with flextion 90' at the hip and the knee joints sitting with dropping knees, and sitting with benting legs side wards. Those replicas obtained were developed to the patterns and changes in shape and area of those were measured. Typical displacement and transformation of the shell surface patterns were showed geographycally fig 5-1 to 5-4. mean values of expansion and constriction were obtained by measuring the shell surface on 60 female under the 4 motions. the mean values of it were showed numerically in Table 1-1 to 1-3. The following results were obtained; 1. Vertical constriction of front of the shell were observed near sulcus in guinalis, and vertical extension were near the knees. Horizontal extension were observed near the thighs and the knees. 2. Vertical constrictions of the back of the shell were observed near the knees. It seemed to be influnced the flexion angles of knee points. vertical extension were near gluteus and thighs. Horizontal constriction were small, and horizonlal extension were near gluteus. 3. The high rates of constriction and extension were found near sulcus in guinalis, glutes, and knees. 4. The rates of constriction and extension on the waist line were very low. 5. The highest values of constriction and extension were found in hip and knees.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.90-102
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to search effect that GCM joint treatment gets to range of motion of cervical, lumbar, trunk and anke. And cervical gets in ankle joint. Methods: Estimated body deformity using GCM body type assesment chart then measured range of motion of each region. After control group did as act freely after do experiment pre measurement control group did post measurement. After control group did as act freely after do experiment premeasurement, control group did postmeasurement. Each region was measured by measurer who each subject person differs. Experimental group did GCM joint treatment and all measurements each region by measurer who each subject person differs three times measure postmeasurement after premeasurement. When measure with each measurement, measured after leave and walk time interval for 10 minutes. Result: For the analysis of the result of experiment, the results is change amount comparison increased to keep in mind except cervical flexion and both ankle joint's dorsiflexion after experiment of experimental group. In experimental group, cervical, lumber and ankle joint of range of motion was significantly increased(p<.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study intends to examine the effects of change of anatomical position of the ankle joint in open kinematic chain, an appropriate position for selective muscle training, on vastus lateralis obliques, rectus femoris, vastus medilais obliques, and rectus abdominalis muscle activation and to present an effective method of muscle training for patients and normal people. METHODS: The participants of this study were Korean healthy adult in their 20s. The 8 channel surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activation while the subjects raised their legs under each condition. Under each condition, while the subjects raised the leg to hip joint flexion at $60^{\circ}$ along the arch. RESULTS: The analysis result of muscle activation by each section and position during leg rising. There were significant differences. CONCLUSION: For independent strengthening of each muscle, muscle activation was measured according to leg raising angles and the result differed according to each section and position. If this study result is applied to muscle training for patients who need selective muscle training, more effective muscle strengthening will be made possible.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern change of throwing in baseball after 15 weeks of participation in baseball class, by examining ball speed, trunk and upper body angles. The comparison was with 6 university students that haven't had any experience in baseball. 8 infra red cameras and 2 force platforms were used to collect the data. First, there was an increase in the speed of the ball after the class. Second, there was no significant difference in the allocated phases during the throw before and after class. Third, the release point was lower and more in front. Forth, there was an increase in the knee flexion at the left foot landing and release point. Finally, there was an increase in the maximum shoulder external rotation and pelvis angle. It is recommended that the coordination between the segments should be investigated to improve our understanding of the learning of throwing in future research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.1066-1069
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• 2002

Dynamic postural control varies with the environmental context, specific task and intentions of the subject. In this paper, dynamic postural control against forward-backward perturbations of a platform was estimated using tri-axial accelerometers and a force plate. Ten young healthy volunteers stood upright in comfortable condition on the perturbation system which was controlled by an AC servo motor. With anterior-posterior perturbations, movements of ankle, knee and hip Joints were obtained by tri-axial accelerometers. and ground reaction forces with corresponding displacements of the center of pressure(CoP) by the force plate. The result showed that the ankle moved first and the trunk forward, which implies that the mechanism of the dynamic postural control in forward-backward perturbations, occurred in the procedure of the ankle, the knee and the hip. Knee flexion and hip extension in the period of acceleration, constant velocity and deceleration phase is very important fur the balance recovery. These responses depends on the magnitude and timing of the perturbation. From the present study the accelerometry-system appears to be a promising tool for understanding kinematic accelerative In response to a transient platform perturbation. A more through understanding of balance recovery mechanism may aid in designing methods for reducing falls and the resulting injuries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study investigated the efficacy of interferential current (IFC) treatment on the improvement of pain, disability, and balance in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. METHODS: A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 40 patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups: the IFC treatment group (n = 20) and the placebo treatment group (n = 20). The IFC group received 30 minutes of IFC treatment on the lumbar region, while the placebo group received IFC treatment without real electrical stimulation. The intervention was administered five days a week for two weeks. RESULTS: The primary outcomes of resting pain and pain during functional movement were measured by a visual analogue scale. The secondary measurements included the Oswestry disability index (ODI) for low back pain and postural sway. The measurements were performed before and after the two-week intervention period. Compared to the placebo treatment group, the IFC treatment group showed significantly greater improvement in pain during anterior trunk flexion in the standing position (p = .029), ODI (p = .039), and postural sway when subjects stood with their eyes closed (p = .010) at the end of the intervention. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that IFC treatment can improve pain, disability, and postural sway, thus, highlighting the benefits of somatosensory stimulation from IFC.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2013

Objective: This paper analyzes the changes on stride parameters, joint angles, and trajectories of the body parts due to high heels during walking and explains the causal relationship between the changes and high heels. Background: This study aims to indicate the comprehensive gait changes by high heels on the whole body for women wearing high heels and researchers interested in high-heeled walking. Method: The experiment was designed in which two different shoe heel heights were used for walking (1cm, 9.8cm), and twelve women participated in the test. In the experiment, 35 points on the body were tracked to extract the stride parameters, joint angles, and trajectories of the body parts. Results: Double support time increased, but stride length decreased in high-heeled walking. The knee inflexed more at stance phase and the spine rotation became more severe. The trajectories of the pelvis, the trunk and the head presented outstanding fluctuations in the vertical direction. Conclusion: The double support time and the spine rotation were changed to compensate instability by high heels. Reduced range of motion of the ankle joint influenced on the stride length, the knee flexion, and fluctuations of the body parts. Application: This study can provide an insight of the gait changes by high heels through the entire body.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1051-1055
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the screen size of smart devices on the bending angle of the cervical spine. The subjects of this study were 30 healthy adults(15 men and 15 women) who used smartphones and tablet PC(personal computer). The changes in the bending angle of the upper and lower cervical spine were measured in the subjects after they had used a smartphone and a tablet PC for 300 seconds each. To make sure that all subjects began in the same starting position, an angle-measuring instrument was used to set the angles of the ankle, knee, hip, and arm joints to 90 degree. The subjects were asked to keep the trunk straight. They were asked to hold a smartphone in their hand and to bend their neck so that they could look down at the screen. Once they began using the smartphone in this manner, they were free to change their posture. We used a paired t-test to compare the bending angle of the cervical spine on subjects who used smartphones and tablet PC in the long-term and short-term there production error of cervical and the significance level was cervical. The results showed that, when using a smartphone and a tablet PC for 300 seconds, there was no significant difference in the bending angle of the upper cervical spine(p>.05), although there was a significant difference in the bending angle of the lower cervical spine(p<.05).

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to the effects of stretching on lumbar flexibility after lumbar and lower muscle strengthening exercise. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: 24 subjects without back pain in their twenties were divided into 12 experimental groups and 12 control groups. The experimental group performed a stretching program after muscle strength exercise. In the control group, only muscle strength exercise was performed, and total exercise was performed 24 times a week for 8 weeks to compare and analyze before and after experiment. Results: The results of this study are as follows: 1) There was no statistically significant difference in both before and after weight of experimental group and control group. 2) There was no statistically significant difference in both before and after skeletal muscle levels of experimental group and control group. 3) There was no statistically significant difference in both before and after fat mass of experimental group and control group. 4) There was a statistically significant difference in both before and after trunk forward flexion of experimental group and control group. Conclusion: This research showed a positive affect on increasing flexibility, which is expected to have a great effect on improvement of flexibility in the future.