• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 1990

The optimum conditions of electric stimulation for electrofusion of protoplasts of petunia, carrot and soybean, and the effects of calcium, magnesium, protease, trypsin, triton X-100, concanavalin A, dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), glycerol monooleate and spermine on fusion frequency and/or viability of petunia protoplast were investigated. The optimum frequencies(Hz)-amplitudes(V/cm) of AC Pulse for protoplast pearl-chain formation were 10 kHz-20 V/cm and 1 MHz-60 V/cm for petunia, 100 kHz-40 V/cm and $1\;MHz-40{\sim}60\;V/cm$ for carrot, and $1\;MHz-40{\sim}80\;V/cm$ for soybean, respectively. The optimum condition of DC pulse treatment at the 1 MHz-60 V/cm-15sec treatment of AC for electrofusion of petunia protoplasts was 2.5 kV/cm-40 sec, and under this condition the fusion frequency and viability of protoplasts were 45 % and 10 %, respectively, Both of the protoplasts of carrot and soybean were not fused under the AC and DC conditions tested in this experiment. The electrofusion of petunia protoplasts was stimulated by calcium, and the fusion frequency and the viability of the protoplasts were 43 % and 11 % , respectively at the calcium concentration of 140 mM. Although fusion frequency was not affected by magnesium only, magnesium stimulated fusion frequency in the presence of calcium, and the viability and fusion frequency of petunia protoplasts were 45 % and 13 %, respectively, at 140 mM of magnesium-140 mM of calcium. The relative fusion frequencies of petunia protoplasts to the controls were increased by 2.4, 2.1, 1.6, 1.4, 1.8, 1.5 and 2.2 folds, respectively, by the treatments of protease, trypsin, triton X-100, concanavalin A, DMSO, glycerol monooleate, and spermine. The viabilities of petunia protoplasts were decreased by these substances.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 1998

We determined the incidence of activation, male pronuclear formation and apposition of pronuclei in porcine oocytes following intracy-toplasmic injection of various porcine sperm components and foreign species spermatozoa, such as mouse, human or cattle. The porcine oocytes were activated by injection of a spermatozoon or an isolated sperm head. Neither isolated sperm tail nor perinuclear material removed sperm head activated oocytes. Because injection of mouse, bovine or human spermatozoon activated porcine oocytes, the sperm born activation factors is not strict species specific. Male pronuclear formation and pronuclear apposition were observed in the porcine oocytes following injection of porcine, bovine, mouse or human spermatozoa. The electrical stimulation following sperm cell injection did not enhance the incidence of male pronuclear formation nor pronuclear apposition comparent with sperm cell injection alone (p>0.1). Mitosis and two cell division in some oocytes were observed at 20 to 24 h after injection of porcine spermatozoon. However, none of oocytes following injection of mouse, bovine or human spermatozoa developed to the mitotic metaphase or normally divided to the two cell stage. These results suggested that the oocyte activating factor(s) presented in the perinuclear material and it is not species specific for the porcine oocyte.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1989

Radioactive N-$\alpha$-p-nitrobenzoxycarbonyl (NBZ)-L-[2,$3-^{3}$H] arginyl diazomethane was used as an affinity label for the vacuolar arginine transporter in Neurospora crassa. Vacuolar matrix proteins were removed by fracturing the membranes with freeze-thaw method in dry ice/ethanol bath. Vacuolar membrane proteins were then wasged with 500mM NaCl to remove ionically bound derivatives and peripheral membrane proteins from vacuolar membranes. After dissolved in 1% Titon X-100, dissolved vacuolar memvrane proteins were separated with molecular sieve column chromatography, anion and cation exchange chromatographies. The arginine transporter was purified giving the purification factor of 1136.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.658-665
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• 1995

Low yield of a thermostable pectinesterase(TSPE) from citrus fruits has made its detailed study extremely tedious and difficult; therefore, maximizing TSPE extraction is desirable. It is assumed that TSPE is bound to the cell components via ionic linkage and covalent bonds. Therefore, in this study, variations in extraction time, pH, NaCl concentration and commercial enzyme preparations were used to increase the yield of TSPE from Valencia orange. The largest recovery of TSPE, obtained by heating extracted pectinesterase(PE) at $70^{\circ}C\;for\;5{\sim}10$ minute, was achieved using actate buffer(pH 4.14) with 1 M NaCl and 0.2% $Cytolase^{TM}$ 104(a mixture of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase; Genecor, Inc). The two aquous phase partitioning with 5.0% Triton X-114 could be used as a tool for separation of thermolabile pectinesterase(TLPE) and TSPE from crude PE. Also, water extraction and $0{\sim}0.3$ ammonium sulfate fractionation could be used for removing non-pectinesterase protein.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 1996

To develop a home-version assay system for plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, variables that can control the assay performance were optimized. The system was constructcd by using two major components: nitrocellulose membrane strip with immobilized enzymes (cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase); and sample carrier solution containing non-ionic detergent (Triton X-100) and chromogen (3,3'-diaminobenzidine). Once a sample combined with the carrier was absorbed from the bottom of the strip, cholesterol was delivered by capillary action to the immobilized enzymes and a sequential reactions took place. In the final reaction, the chromogen was oxidized and then generated a color as signal that was proportional to the concentration of cholesterol. The signal intensity was enhanced by optimizing conditions for the immobilization of enzymes and the chemical composition of carriel. Under these conditions, a dose-response curve was obtained and revealed a high sensitivity enough to measure the cholesterol in blood.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.245-263
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• 1993

신경성장인자 수용체(nerve growth factor receptor, HGFr)의 소재를 휜쥐 전뇌 기저부 핵들의 신경세포와 그 세포내 소기 관에서 연역세포화학적 방법으로 관찰하였다. NGFr에 면역반응을 보이는 신경세포들은 내측중격, 수직 및 수평대각선 브로카대, 거대세포 시삭전핵 그리고 Meynert 기저핵에는 다수 미상핵-피각과 복부담창구에는 소수 관찰 되었다 NGFr에 면역반응을 보이는 신경세포들은 형태학적으로 3가지 형 즉, 1) 난형(또는 원형). 2) 방추형, 3) 삼각형(또는 다각형)으로 구분되었다 내측중격은 주로 난형의 세포로 구성되었으며(91.2%), 수직 및 수평대각선 브로카대, 거대세포 시삭전핵 및 Meynert 기저 핵에는 난형의 세포가 높은 율로 구성되었으나, 방추형과 삼각형 세포들도 내측중격에서보다는 많았다 특히 복부담창구에는 다른 핵들에 비하여 방추형세포(25%)들이 높은 출현율을 보였다 일반적으로 이들 세포의 크기는 삼각형세포가 제일 컸으며, 방추형세포가 그 다음, 그리고 난형 세포가 제일 작았다 전자현미경적 관찰에서 0.05% triton X-100을 처리한 조직중 Meynert 기저핵을 관찰한 결과. Golgi체, multivesicular body 및 소포체들이 N6Fr에 면역반응을 보였으며. trion X-100을 처리하지 않은 조직에서는 단지 수평대각선 브로카대의 신경세포 원형질 막에서만 약한 면역반응을 보였다 위의 결과로 미루어 NGFr은 조연소포체에서 합성되어. Golgi체에서 농축되고, multivesicular body를 통하여 원형질막에 위치하게 되며, 원형질막에서 NGFr은 외래성의 NGF와 복합체를 형성한후, 궁극적으로는 Iysosome의 형태로 세포체 안으로 들어 가는 것으로 추정된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 1992

S. fradiae exhibited the highest acetanilide p-hydroxylation activity among the Streptomyces spp. screened. Studies with inhibitors (metyrapone, 2. 6-dichloroindophenol, $\alpha,\alpha'$-dipyridyl, o-phenanthroline) and an absorption peak after CO treatment suggested that S. fradiae hydroxylase activity was due to cytochrome p-450. This hydroxylase activity was increased to ten times in the cell extract containing 0.5 mM sodium azide. Furthermore, the sedimentary activity in $105,000\times{g}$ centrifugal forces and solubilization of the activity with Triton-X 100 implied that this enzyme was membrane bound monooxygenase. pH Optimum of the enzyme was 6.5 in membrane bound state.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 1991

Spectral behaviors of cationic dye, crystal violet(CV), in aqueous solution and with varying concentrations of Triton X-100(TX-100), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl amonium bromide(CTAB) were studied. The characteristic changes of the absorption spectra observed in the dye-SDS interacting systems with the SDS concentration are analyzed. The behaviors of both a- and J-bands of the each componet dye suggest that the following four sequential steps are occurring : the formation of dye-SDS complex, the stacking of the dye molecules arising from the association of the dye-SDS complex, breaking of the dye stacking due to the formation of micelles, redistribution of the dye molecules in the surface of micelles at high SDS concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.543-550
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• 1999

Hazardous substances produced from industrial sectors have caused serious contamination of soils and groundwater. The hydrophobic organic compounds in the subsurface are hard to be decomposed, and as they soil on the soil or last as a NAPL they might contaminate the groundwater for a long time. Although we recognize the danger of contaminated subsurface, very little was known about the effective remediation technique. This paper focuses on the remediation of the p-Cresol which contaminated subsurface by applying the surfactant-enhanced description technique. Sorption characteristics of soils and organic compounds are studied, and the applications of surfactant solution are studied for effective rededication. The results from this study could be used as some data for surfactant-enhanced rededication. The flexible-wall permeameter tests are performed in which in-situ remediation is simulated. Results show that triton X-100 at 2% solution disrobes p-Cresol 1.7 times as much as water description in the flexible-wall permeameter tests.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

To isolate and identify the yeast strains associated with D. morbifera, homogenized D. morbifera root samples were spread onto GPY, DG18, SCG and DOB agar media containing antibiotics, Triton X-100, and l-sorbose. Total 81 yeast isolates were analyzed by sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. The results showed that the root-associated yeast species were composed of the genera Vanderwaltozyma (40 isolates), Cryptococcus (40 isolates), and Kluyveromyces (one isolate). Moreover, the Kluyveromyces isolate exhibited high bioethanol productivity. In addition, the Vanderwaltozyma and Cryptococcus were dominant in D. morbifera roots. The specific yeast community associated with D. morbifera roots was identified by phylogenetic sequence analyses. These yeast isolates may have industrial applications as biosurfactant and bioethanol.