• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.392-402
• /
• 1997

듀럼밀(Triticum durum var. hordeiforme 2n=28 AABB)에서 trisomics(2n=28＋1)을 육성하여 외부형태적 형질에 발현되는 양적효과를 조사하였다. Trisomics은 각각의 잉여염색체에 존재하는 유전자의 상호작용에 의해서 외부형태적 형질에 정상식물과 명백히 상이한 양적효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 A및 B의 양 genome에 속하는 동조염색체간에는 서로 유사한 특성을 나타내어 상호 구별짓기가 매우 어려웠다. 이와 같은 현상으로 부터 몇몇의 외부형질에 관여하는 주동유전자의 염색체위치는 동조염색체상에 존재하고 있음이 시사되었으며, 이들은 같은 역할을 하는 동조유전자인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 듀럼밀의 동조성 및 연관군이 동시에 해명된 것으로 보여지며, 본 trisomics은 밀속의 A및 B genome의 각각의 염색체에 관한 유전분석 및 유전자지도 작성을 위한 연구재료로서 유익할 것이다. 또한 빵밀(Triticum aesitivum AABBDD)의 선조종인 듀럼밀(T. durum AABB)과 타루호밀(T. squarrosa DD)의 진화과정 및 비교유전분석상 매우 중요한 소재로서 이용될 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제63권4호
• /
• pp.314-321
• /
• 2018

Durum (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is a major crop species cultivated for human consumption worldwide. In Tunisia, salt stress is one of the main problems that limit crop production. 'Mahmoudi' was selected as the most salt-sensitive out of 11 Tunisian durum cultivars. Using the salt-tolerant cultivar 'Om Rabia', resistant and susceptible cultivars were evaluated to compare genetic responses under salt stress. At the fully expanded third leaf stage, salt stress was applied by submerging the pots in 500 mM NaCl for 5 min every day for saline water irrigation in the greenhouse. The treatment was applied for 1 week and salt stress tolerance was determined by changes of growth parameters to the control condition. The salt tolerance trait index and salt tolerance index were calculated and used as selection criteria. The expression levels of TdHKT1;4, TdHKT1;5, and TdSOS1 were examined using qPCR. For further evaluation of physiological responses, salt stress (150 mM NaCl) was additionally applied for 48 h at the fully expanded third-leaf stage. Increased expression of the genes responsible for salt tolerance and proline content in tolerant durum can be used to broaden genetic diversity and provide genetic resources for the durum breeding program.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 1990

Suspension cell lines have been newly established from the calli derived from the immuature embryo culture of hexapolid (Triticum aestivum var. sicco), tetrapolid (T. durum) and diploid (T. tauchii or Aegilops squarrosa) wheat species. The chromosomal variation in suspension cultured cell lines was examined and old cell line, C82d, established from T. aestivum var. copain was also used. New method using 1-bromonaphthalene for metaphase rapping of suspension cells was developed. Variation in chromosome number was observed among all the suspension lines. Cells with doubled chromosome number and deleted chromosome were also observed. Extensive structural changes in chromosome were found in C82d line. Chromosome aberrations showed loss of chromosome arms and chromosome segment. The mean chromosome number in suspension cells of T. aestivum var. sicco was 40, in C82d line 33, in T. durum 28 and in T. tauchii 14. The stability of chromosome in suspension cells of diploid and tetrapolid wheats was higher than that of hexaploid wheat.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2022

An efficient genetic transformation protocol is a fundamental requirement for high regeneration capacity from cultivated durum wheat (Triticum durum) varieties. In this study, wereportedtheeffectsoftwoauxins,2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid(2,4-D)and4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicoli nicacid(picloram), at a concentration of 2 mg/Laloneandincombination on the embryogenic callus and plantlet regeneration of four durum wheat varieties (Amria, Chaoui, Marouane, and Tomouh) using mature embryos (MEs) and immature embryos (ImEs). Significanteffectsofvariety,culturemedium(theauxinused),andvariety-mediuminteraction were observed on the callus weight and plantlet regeneration of both MR and ImE explants. The medium used for callus induction significantly affected plantlet regeneration (p < 0.001). Comparedto2,4-D, picloram led to a higher plantlet regeneration rate in both ME and ImE explants (19.8% and 40.86%, respectively). Plantlet regeneration also varied significantly depending on the variety and medium used. PicloramledtohighplantletregenerationofbothME and ImE explants in all varieties except Tomouh, which showed high plantlet regeneration of ME explants in 2,4-D. A comparison of ME and ImE responses indicated that ImEs are the best explants for high plantlet regeneration in durum wheat. Ourfindingssuggestthatpicloramisthebestauxin and should be used instead of 2,4-D due to its positive effect on increasing plant regeneration of durum wheat ME and ImE explants.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제68권4호
• /
• pp.343-370
• /
• 2023

Developing improved wheat varieties is vital for global food security to meet the rising demand for food. Therefore, assessing the genetic diversity across wheat genotypes is crucial. This study examined the diversity of 168 durum wheat and 47 common wheat collections from 54 different countries using twelve agro-morphological parameters. Geumgang, a prominent Korean common wheat variety, was used as a control. Both qualitative and quantitative agronomical characteristics showed wide variations. Most durum wheats were shown to possess dense spikes (90%), while common wheats showed dense (40%) or loose (38%) spikes, with yellowish-white being the dominant spike color. The majority of the accessions were awned regardless of wheat type, yellowish-white being the main awn color. White or red kernels were produced, with white kernels dominating in both common (74%) and durum (79%) wheats. Days to heading (DH) and days to maturity (DM) were in the ranges of 166-215 and 208-250 days, respectively, while the culm length (CL), spike length (SL), and awn length (AL) were in the ranges of 53.67-163, 5.33-18.67, and 0.50-19.00 cm, respectively. Durum wheats possessed the shortest average DH, DM, and SL, while common wheat had the longest CL and AL (p < 0.05). Common wheats also exhibited the highest average one-thousand-kernel weight. Hierarchical cluster analysis, aided by principal component analysis, grouped the population into seven clusters with significant differences in their quantitative variables (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this research revealed diversity among common and durum wheat genotypes. Notably, 26 durum wheat and 17 common wheat accessions outperformed the control, offering the potential for developing early-maturing, high-yielding, and lodging-resistant wheat varieties.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 1991

A combination of acerocarininc-Wright C-banding technique was utilized to identify each chromosomes in durum wheat ,Triticum durum var. Hordeiforme (2n=4x=28 AABB), This technique elucidated qualitativr and quantitative traits of the indi-vidual chromosomes In coinplement. Most comspicuous bands were observed at thecentromere of B-genome chronmosomes. Each chromosomes of A-genome had some-what weak centromeric, proximal and terminal bands. Chromosomes 2A and 4A hasa small subterminal bands. 6A is smallest and metacentric chromosome and , has two faint interstitial band. Chromosomes 1B and 6B showed satellite and constriction lage band. Short arm of 3B has three heavily interstitial bands. Both arms of chromosome 4B has a lagc centromeric band and a very lage proximal band. 5B had heavilycentromeric band and the long arm showed prominent two interstitial bands. Chromo-somes 25 and 7B has a small terminal band of both arms.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 1995

맥각병은 맥류의 중요 병해로 이삭에 발생해서 종자형성을 저해하고, 이삭의 성숙정도에 따라서 종자보다 훨씬 큰 맥각을 형성하는병해이다. 따라서 마카로니밀의 trisomics을 이용하여 맥각병에 대한 라병정도와 염색체와의 관계를 구명하기 위하여, 출수 2~3일전의 이삭에 접종하였다. 1)개화직전의 소화에 맥각병의 분생포자액을 주입접한한 결과, 각 계통별로 90.0%~100.0%의 감염률을 나타냈고, 11.6%(Tri-6A)~83.4%(Tri-4A)의 균핵(맥각) 형성률을 보여, 완전한 면역성계통은 존재하지 않았다. 2)개화중인 소화에 분\ulcorner접종한 결과, 0%(Tri-6A)~83.4%(Tri-3A)의 맥각형성률를 나타내어, 주사접종에 비해 저하하는 현상을 보였다. 3)맥가의 성장상에 관해서 조사하였더니, 6A 염색체가 여분으로 존재하는 trisomics에서는 영외까지 성장한 맥각은 전혀 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 6A 염색체상에는 맥각에 생장을 억제하는 유전자가 존재하는것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 이 계통은 맥각병에 대한 내병성 밀육종에 도움이 될 것이다. 4) 2A, 4A 및 7B 염색체를 여분으로 갖고 있는 trisomics에서는 비교적 큰 맥각을 형성하여 2A, 4A 및 7B염색체상에는 맥각의 생장촉진 조절유전자가 위치하고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 이것으리 3계통은 약용맥각생산용의 밀육종에 기초적 역할을 다할 것이다. 5) 이와같이 맥각병의 리병정도에 관흥하는 유전자가 염색체상에 존재하고 있는 것이 확실하게 밝혀졌다. 그러나 맥각병은 감염해서부터 발병할 때까지는 많은 일수를 필요로 하는 특미를 가지고 있으므로, 맥각병에 대한 본질적인 저항성 및 리병성 유전자라기 보다도 식물생육과정에서 병원균의 발병(발육)을 조절하는 생리적작용에 관계하고 있는 유전자의 역할이라고 은료되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권10호
• /
• pp.1377-1385
• /
• 2009

Effect of inclusion of hard vs. soft wheat bran with different particle size on diet digestibility, growth performance and some slaughter traits was evaluated in fattening rabbits. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were used according to the origin of wheat bran (hard (HWB) - Triticum durum - and soft (SWB) - Triticum aestivum) combined with wheat bran particle size sieved by 2 mm (fine: 2) or by 8 mm (coarse: 8) in a bifactorial (2${\times}$2) study. A growth trial was conducted to measure the effect of treatments on performance in one hundred and twenty New Zealand White${\times}$Californian rabbits fed experimental diets from 50 to 87 days of age. Faecal apparent digestibility was determined within the last week in twenty animals per diet. Digestibility of nutrients was higher (p<0.05) in the diet containing HWB2, except for crude protein, ether extract and ash, than fine and coarse soft wheat bran diets. Final live weight, feed intake and feed consumption of rabbits on the diet with fine hard wheat bran were higher and resulted in greater daily weight gains (p<0.01) than for animals on the other diets. The slaughter yield and percentage value of organs were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the diets fed; however, the diet containing fine hard wheat bran led to lower (p<0.05) percentages of skin, abdominal fat and carcass drip loss than the other dietary treatments. It is concluded that fine hard wheat bran can be better included in the diet than soft wheat bran to maximize growth performance without affecting carcass traits of fattening rabbits.