• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.393-404
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• 1995

The purpose of this review was to examine the clinical characteristics of patients who had a diagnosis of Myofascial Pain Syndrome(MPS). Myofascial pain is a painful condition of skeletal muscle characterized by the presence of one or more trigger points. A trigger point(TrP) is a focus of hyperirritability in a tissues. Of the patients with MPS, 21(44.7 %) were male and 26(55.3 %) were female. The mean duration of MPS was 9.6 months for males and 11.3 months for females. Trigger points with associated referred patterns of pain were found in muscles of the post neck(trapezius, infrasupinatus) and in quadratus lumborum muscle. Patients reported increased fatigue(87.2 %), tingling sensation(66.0 %), numbness(66.0 %), tension(55.3 %), anxiety(44.7 %), headache (59.6 %), pilomotor activation(59.6 %).

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.181-187
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to help understand the pressure pain threshold's comparison following time progress after IMS to the trigger point and recognize this methode' effect for treating these kind of myofascial pain syndrome in clinic. Resently, myofascial pain syndrome is a disease that keeps the highest rate of patients visiting the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine. and so one should understand the change of IMS'effect following time progress for patients to be dealt rightly in clinic. In addition, the theory and treatment of myofascial pain syndrome needs to be understood or to be dealt rightly for therapists to treat and to approach to the right moment in right mode for the patients with myofascial pain syndrome. Therefore, one should know where to stimulate and why one stimulate trigger point and what effect one obtain after IMS.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-108
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• 1996

Localized or radiating pain in the arm and shoulder joint may result after faulty alignment causing compression or tension on nerves, blood vessels, or supporting soft tissues. The critical site of faulty alignment is the quadrangular space in the axilla bounded by the teres major, teres minor, long head of triceps, and humerus. The axillary nerve emerges through this space to supply the deltoid and teres minor. The activity of the trigger point on teres minor compressing the axillary nerve causes pain to develop through the area of sensory distribution of cutaneous branch of the axillary nerve. Relieving compression on the axillary nerve and suprascapular nerve is the key point to relieving the pain. Spasm of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus compressing the suprascapular nerve caused pain to develop in the shoulder joint and scapular area. We treated those patients experiencing such pain with local anesthetic infiltration or I-R laser stimulation on the identified trigger points.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.52-54
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• 2012

Trigger point injection treatment is an effective and widely applied treatment for myofascial pain syndrome. The trapezius muscle frequently causes myofascial pain in neck area. We herein report a case in which direct pulsed radiofrequency (RF) treatment was applied to the trapezius muscle. We observed that the RF treatment produced continuous pain relief when the effective duration of trigger point injection was temporary in myofascial pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.383-390
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the degree of post injection soreness, symptom duration, factor and autonomic symptoms after trigger point injection in patients with trigger points. We devided the subjects of the study into four groups Such as, only dry needling, needle-TENS, with massage-stretch, massage-stretch only, including 100 patients, and measured the visual analog scale before treatment and after treatment. Before treatment, The VAS mean scores were $6.2{\pm}1.03$ in needle-TENS with massage-stretch group ; $6.2{\pm}1.75$ in needdle-TENS group, and $6.3{\pm}1.85$ in dry needling group, and $6.8{\pm}1.03$ in massage-stretch group. In post injection 3rd day, The VAS mean score were $0.9{\pm}1.78$ in needling-TENS with massage-stretch group, $1.1{\pm}1.52$ in needling-TENS group, $1.7{\pm}1.10$ in dry needling group, and $3.9{\pm}3.01$ in massage-stretch group. As for a causative factor of activities for trigger were overload with 37.0%, overwork with 35.0% and fatigue with 13.0%. Symptoms for trigger were tenderness with 28.0%, numbness and tingling with 24.0%. ROM limit with 17.0% and tightness with 17.0%. As a result, needling-TENS with massage-stretch group showed less soreness and effect than other group.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2002

From July 1th 2001 to October 31th 2001, the Clinical investigation studies were carried out 10 cases of patient with Bell' palsy using Trigger point treatment group, who had been treated in Han-seung Oriental Medical Clinic. The results were like below: 1. The distribution of sex : Male were 4cases. female were 6case and the female to male ratio was 1.5 : 1. 2. The distribution of contributing factor : Unknown reason was most predominant 4 cases, and then were revealed to labor too hard. mental stress(3 cases), trauma common cold(1 case) in turn. 3. The distribution of perid to fall ill : Under a week was the most number 6cases, and then were revealed a week under two weeks(3 cases), over two weeks(1 case) in turn. 4. About period of treatment : The Trigger Point treatment group is shorter than the Acupuncture treatment group. 5. The distribution of grade on admission in descending order : Gr I was the most number and then GrII, GrIII in turn. 6. The distribution of clinical symptoms on admission : Mastoid pain was the most number 9 cases and then lacrimal gland disorder 8 cases, dysgeusia 4cases, hyperacusis 2 cases, the others 2 cases in turn. 7. About effect of treatment : The Trigger point treatment group is more excellent than the Acupuncture treatment group. 8. The more patient age is young, the more effect of treatment was excellent, had nothing to do with both groups. 9. The more perid to fall ill is short, the more effect of treatment was excellent. had nothing to do with both groups. 10. About period of improved frontal belly : The Trigger point treatment group is more excellent than the Acupuncture treatment group.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.224-230
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• 1993

Most patients who have suffered from pain and muscle weakness on femoral nerve distributing area show no definite pathologic finding on X-ray or laboratory examinations. Therefore proper diagnosis is difficult to determine for the proper treatment of the symptoms. Based on my clinical experiences and anatomical studies, I have found most of these symptoms are a result of femoral nerve compression on trigger point of psoas major muscle. Accordingly, releasing the compression of femoral nerve by Laser stimulation and local anesthetic injection to the identified trigger point of psoas major muscle was found to be an effective treatment for femoral neuralgic pain.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.261-266
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• 2013

Myofascial pain is a condition associated with regional pain and muscle tenderness characterized by the presence of myofascial trigger points. In this case report, a subject complaining of nighttime bruxism was clinically assessed, and a latent trigger point of the anterior temporalis muscle was identified with manual palpation. A surface electromyographic (SEMG) exam of the anterior temporalis muscle harboring the latent trigger point demonstrated several SEMG features, including post-contraction irritability, delayed relaxation following contraction and accelerated muscle fatigue. It was concluded that a SEMG exam may detect abnormal masticatory muscle function and, therefore, assist in the evaluation of myogenous temporomandibular disorders.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1231-1239
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• 2010

The aim of this study was developing the non-invasive focused magnetic stimulation system(NI_FMSS) that can stimulates acupoints which are small parts and knotted muscular tissues. To evaluate pain treatment effect of the NI_FMSS, we caused muscle fatigue to 25 subjects in biceps of the arm. Then, we stimulated acupoints(trigger points) HT2 using low frequency stimulator(10 subjects) and NI_FMSS(10 subjects). The other 5 subjects had not been stimulated. We analyzed muscle fatigue recovery with median frequency, RMS and median power in frequency domain for 5 days. We checked the magnetic stimulation effect on acupoint by evaluation of muscle fatigue recovery. Therefore, we identified that the NI_FMSS was more efficient system to relieve muscle pain than electric-stimulation system.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 1990

The patient with muscle contraction headache usually have one or more specific trigger points. These trigger points have been treated with various treatment modalities including "stretch and spray" and regional infiltration with local anesthetics with or without corticosteroids. I treated 36 patients with muscle contraction headache with regional infiltration of local anesthetics and steroid into trigger points and the results were as follows 1) The diagnosis of muscle contraction headache was possible by confirming specific trigger points by palpation. 2) Patients relieved rapidly from headache by regional infiltration of local anesthetics and steroid into the tender point. 3) Single injection was effective in relieving headache. But the curability of the single injection could not be assessed because of difficulty in follow-up study. 4) Active trigger points could be occasionally inactive, which also made difficult in assessing the effectiveness of the treatment.