• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.227-237
• /
• 2020

Strain rate investigations are needed to calibrate strain-rate-dependent material models and numerical codes. An appropriate material model, which considers the rate effects, need to be used for proper numerical modeling. The plastic concrete cut-off wall is a special underground structure that acts as a barrier to stop or reduce the groundwater flow. These structures might be subjected to different dynamic loads, especially earthquake. Deformability of a structure subjected to dynamic loads is a principal issue which need to be undertaken during the design phase of these structures. The characterization of plastic concrete behavior under different strain rates is essential for proper designing of cut-off walls subjected to dynamic loads. The Cowper-Symonds model, as one of the most commonly applied material models, complies well with the behavior of a plastic concretes in low to moderate strain rates and will be useful in explicit dynamics simulations. This paper aims to present the results of an experimental study on mechanical responses of one of the most useful types of plastic concrete and Cowper-Symonds constant determination procedures in a wide range of strain rate from 0.0005 to 107 (1/s). For this purpose, SHPB, uniaxial, and triaxial compression tests were done on plastic concrete samples. Based on the results of quasi-static and dynamic tests, the dynamic increase factors (DIF) of this material in different strain rates and stress state conditions were determined for calibration of the Cowper - Symonds material models.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2009

Soils exhibit creep behavior in which deformation and movement proceed under a state of constant stress or load. In Korea, weathered soil is abundant and occupies around one-third of the country. Weathered soil is visually described as a sandy or gravelley soil, but the behavior is quite different from the behavior of usual sand and gravel. In particular, the permeability of weathered soil is similar to sand, but the durability of settlement is similar to clay. Therefore analysis of time-dependent behavior of weathered soil is very important. In this study, Creep tests with weathered soils were carried out under constant principal stress differences of various stress levels which were experimentally obtained by triaxial compression test. The results of these tests showed the creep behavior for which the deformation increased with time, and the results are consistent with phenomenological model by creep equation of Singh-Mitchell.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(II)
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2003

As a fundamental study to develop the retaining wall of new type, short-fibers are mixed with soils and a series of compaction tests and triaxial compression tests for short-fiber reinforced soils are performed. From the results of compaction tests, optimum moisture content is increased and maximum dry unit weight is decreased with fiber mixing ratio. When 60mm fibrillated fiber of 0.2$\%$ mixing ratio is added to SM soil, strength increment of short-fiber reinforced soil is above 1.2 times compared to soil only. Strength increment shows maximum value for composite reinforced soil, namely, soil+short-fiber+planar reinforcement. But in case of mixing with ML soil and short-fiber, the strength of short-fiber reinforced soil is nearly the same as soil only. Internal angle of short-fiber reinforced soil is increased about $2\~3$ degrees and cohesion is also increased above 10kPa compared to soil only. Therefore, it is judged that short-fiber is a good material to strengthen the soil.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제24권B호
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2004

This thesis is results of experimental works on the behavior of the cut-and-cover tunnel. Centrifuge model tests were performed to simulate the behavior of the cut-and-cover tunnels having cross sections of national road and subway tunnels. Model experiments were carried out with changing the cut slope and the slope of filling ground surface. Displacements of tunnel lining resulted from artificially accelerated gravitational force up to 40g of covered material used in model tests, were measured during centrifuge model tests. In model tests, Jumunjin Standard Sand with the relative density of 80 % and the zinc plates were used for the covered material and the flexible tunnel lining, respectively. Basic soil property tests were performed to obtain it's the property of Jumumjin Standard Sand. Shear strength parameters of Jumunjin Standard Sand were obtained by performing the triaxial compression tests. Direct shear tests were also carried out to find the mechanical properties of the interface between the lining and the covered material. Compared results model tests estimation with respect to displacements of the lining.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제22권B호
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2002

This paper is experimental and numerical research results of performing centrifuge model tests to investigate the geotechnical engineering behavior of slag compaction pile as a substitute of sand compaction pile. In order to find the geotechnical engineering characteristics of the soft clay and the slag used in centrifuge model experiments, basic soil property tests, consolidation test, permeability tests and triaxial compression tests were performed. For centrifuge model tests, slags with changing relative density were used and their bearing capacity, stress concentrations in between pile and soft clay, settlement characteristics, and failure modes were investigated. As a results of centrifuge model tests, it was found that the bearing, capacity of model was increased with increasing density of slag pile and general shear failures were occured. Miniature soil pressure gauges were installed on model pile and soft ground respectively and thus vertical stress acting on them were measured. Stress concentration ratio was found to be in the range of 2.0~3.0. Bearing capacity obtained from the model test with slag was greater than that from the model test with a sand having the identical layout to each other. Thus it was confirmed the slag was an appropriate substitution of pile for sand.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 1993

본 연구에서는 실트흙의 거동을 자동화된 삼축시험기를 사용하여 비배수 상태하에서 정적 삼축압축과 인장시험을 수행하여 파괴전과 파괴상태시 체적변형 경향으로 인한 응력 변형률 상태를 점토질흙과 비교 검토하였다. 점토질흙의 거동과 비교하기 위하여 순수 실트인 실리카 분말을 사용하여 성형된 시료를 450 kPa인 유효구속 압력까지 등방압밀시킨 후 압밀하중을 감소시키며 과압밀비(OCR)가 다른 시료를 만들어 전단시험을 하였다. 해석 결과 정규압밀 실트의 비배수 강도는 점토와 달리 전단하에서 체적팽창으로 계속 증가하며 과압밀 실트(OCR>2)에 있어서도 체적변형 경향으로 상당히 다른 거동을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1796-1801
• /
• 2007

Piezocone penetration testing(CPTu) results such as cone resistance$(q_c)$, sleeve friction$(f_s)$, and pore pressure(u), have been carried out at 5 sites in Honam high-speed railway areas of Korea, in order to continuously estimate the characteristics of soil layers and the undrained shear strength$(S_u)$ in a soft ground. For the applications of the conventional CPTu results to undrained shear strength, the cone factors$(N_{kt})$ were deduced based on Field vane tests, and Monte-Carlo Simulation(MCS). Moreover the correlations of the undrained shear strength of CPTu by soil depths were compared and revised with the results of triaxial compression(UU test), field vane and Dilatometer tests(DMT). The depths of soft foundation at 5 sites in Honam high-speed railway areas were calculated based on the results of the various field tests in addition CPTu. The applicability of CPTu for a soft foundation criterion referred to the criteria of high-speed railway and related agencies in Korea was evaluated.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2003

초연약 고소성의 준설해성점토를 보강하기 위하여 Micro-Fiber(MF)재를 혼합하여 다양한 실내시험을 수행하였다. 준설점토의 함수비를 3종으로 조정하고 각각의 시료에 MF를 길이와 혼합율을 변화시키면서 일축압축 및 삼축압축 시험을 통하여 보강특성을 검토하였다. 또한, 양생일수벽로 강도증가 경향을 평가하였으며, 폐석회(Waste Lime, WL)의 추가혼합이 보강기능을 증대시키는지 여부를 검토하였다. 실험결과, MF를 혼합함에 따라 준설점토의 강도가 자연함수비에 무관하게 약 50% 증가하였으며, MF의 길이가 길수록 보강효과가 크게 나타났다. 또한, 합리적인 MF의 혼합율은 2% 정도이며, 추가적으로 폐석회를 약 10% 혼합할 경우 중장비주행이 가능한 보강효과가 나타나는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of volume change is unsaturated clayed soil. The medium-plastic clay was selected and compacted by 50% of Proctor standard compaction energy at 6% higher moisture content than its OMC. A series of isotropic compression tests and triaxial shear tests were performed. The results of the study are summarized as follows. At each matric suction, when the matric suction was increased, the yield stress was increased and slope of volume change was decreased. The more net mean stress was, the less the quantity of volume change was. In shear test, the volumetric strain was much rapidly changed in large matric than in low matric suctions. But the effect of matric suction to volume change disappeared under high net mean stress. At lower deviator stress the more matric suction was, the higher volume change was. But As the matric suction was increasing, the behavior of the unsaturated clayey soil was similar to that of saturated clayey soil. Volume change in the unsaturated clayey soil can be represented as a unique plane in three-dimensional space, which is the axes of net mean stress, matric suction and void ratio.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제10권11호
• /
• pp.3296-3301
• /
• 2009

콘 관입시험 결과는 현장의 비배수전단강도 결정을 위하여 광범위하게 활용되고 있으며, 이를 위하여 지역별로 적절한 경험적 콘 지수($N_{kt}$, $N_{ke}$, $N_{{\Delta}u}$)의 결정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 창원 북면 지역 지반에 대하여 일축 압축시험 및 비압밀비배수 삼축압축시험 결과를 이용하여 콘 지수를 산정하였으며, 소성지수 및 간극수압비와의 관계를 고찰하였다. $N_{kt}$, $N_{ke}$, $N_{{\Delta}u}$은 각각 8~40, 7~37, 1~26으로 산정되었으며, 간극수압비와 비교적 큰 연관성이 있음이 고찰되었다.