• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5859-5861
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• 2015

Background: Kidney cancer has shown an increasing trend in recent decades. This study aimed to determine change in the incidence rate between 2003 and 2009 in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, national cancer registry data were used. Crude incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 and age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were computed using the direct standardization method and the world standard population. Significant trend of incidence rates was examined by the Cochran-Armitage test for linear trend. Results: A total of 6,944 cases of kidney cancer were reported. The incidence cases increased from 595 patients in 2003 to 1,387 patients in 2009. Sex ratio (male to female) was 1.67. ASR also increased from 1.18 in 2003 to 2.52 in 2009 per 100,000, but the increasing trend was not significant. Conclusions: A slow increasing trend of incidence rate was observed in the study population. This may be due to an increase of risk factors. It is suggested to perform a study on risk factors for the cancer.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2020

Piping work of large ships or offshore plants is often done in a narrow and confined space, requiring precise bending and safety. In order to realize an accurate bending angle, it is very important to predict and correct a deformation that may be caused by elasticity in the bending process, that is, an angular deviation due to springback. Therefore, by using CAE analysis to develop a correction angle model for springback based on multiple tube bending angles and using trend line data derived from this correction angle model, at bending the tube as the diameter of the base former and the tube outer diameter change, the springback compensation angle at any angle can be obtained. In this study, the bending mechanism was analyzed to increase the bending precision, and a correction angle model was developed and a trend line was derived in consideration of springback occurring in the bending process. In order to derive a more accurate and reliable trend line, a tube tensile test was performed, and the reliability of the corrected angle trend line was verified by comparing the bending angle measurement and analysis results with a 3D scanner.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2020

Catastrophic health expenditure refers to measure the level of the economic burden of households due to medical expenses. The purpose of this study was to examine the proportion of households that experienced catastrophic health expenditure between 2006 and 2018 using available data from the National Survey of Tax and Benefit (NaSTaB), Korea Health Panel (KHP), and Households Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES). Trend test was used to analyze the proportion of household with catastrophic healthcare expenditure. The households experienced the catastrophic health expenditure 2.08% in 2018 using the NaSTaB data. Trend analysis was significant with the decreasing trend (Annual Percentage Change [APC], -4.88; p<0.0001) in the proportion of households with the catastrophic health expenditure. On the other hand, the results of the HIES showed 2.92%, and KHP showed 2.48% of households experienced the catastrophic health expenditure in 2016. The trend was significantly increased in HIES (APC, 1.43; p<0.0001) and KHP (APC, 6.68; p<0.0001). Therefore, this suggests that further interventions to alleviate the burden of catastrophic health expenditure to the low-income group are needed.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2021

Catastrophic health expenditure refers to measure the level of the economic burden of households due to medical expenses. The purpose of this study was to examine the proportion of households that experienced catastrophic health expenditure between 2006 and 2019 using available data from the National Survey of Tax and Benefit (NaSTaB), Korea Health Panel (KHP), and Households Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES). Trend test was used to analyze the proportion of households with catastrophic healthcare expenditure. The households experienced a catastrophic health expenditure of 2.44% in 2019 using the NaSTaB data. Trend analysis was significant with the decreasing trend (annual percentage change [APC], -4.49; p<0.0001) in the proportion of households with catastrophic health expenditure. Also, the results of the 2017 KHP and the 2016 HIES showed 2.20% and 2.92%. The trend was significantly increased in the KHP (APC, 1.79; p<0.0001) and the HIES (APC, 1.43; p<0.0001). Therefore, this study suggests that further public healthcare interventions to alleviate the burden of catastrophic health expenditure, especially for low-income households, are needed.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2023

The term "catastrophic health expenditure" means assessing the extent to which medical costs cause financial hardship for households. The aim of this research is to analyze the percentage of households that faced severe financial strain due to medical expenses from 2006 to 2021. This was achieved by utilizing data obtained from the National Survey of Tax and Benefit (NaSTaB), Korea Health Panel (KHP), and Households Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES). A trend analysis was conducted to examine the percentage of households that experienced catastrophic healthcare expenses. The households that experienced the catastrophic health expenditure was 2.49% in 2021 using the NaSTaB data. The trend analysis yielded a statistically significant result, indicating a decreasing trend (annual percent change [APC], -4.79; p<0.0001) in the proportion of households facing catastrophic health expenditures. Also, the results of the 2019 KHP and the 2021 HIES showed 1.09% and 2.44% for the households that experienced catastrophic health expenditure. The trend was increased according to the KHP (APC, 0.55; p=0.0004) and the HIES (APC, 7.04; p<0.0001). As a result, this study proposes that sustained attention and further interventions are necessary to ease the economic pressure caused by catastrophic health expenses, particularly for low-income households.

• 대기
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2007

This study investigates urbanization effect in warming trend of surface air temperature over Korea. The data used in this study consist of the daily minimum and maximum temperatures during the period of 32 years(1968-1999) from 16 stations of KMA. To calculate magnitude and trend of urbanization effect, stations were classified into urban and rural stations using population statistics. Urban stations were defined as those with population densities greater than 1000 persons per kilometer squared in 1995. The others were defined as rural stations. The urban stations were also subdivided into two groups according to their population totals. For estimates of urban effect magnitude, temperature change was calculated by comparing 16-year mean values between 1968-83 and 1984-99. Then, the difference between each urban station and every rural station was calculated. During the analysis period of 32 years, maximum temperature increase is $1.22^{\circ}C$. In the total temperature increase, urban effect is estimated by 28.7%. For minimum temperature, it becomes larger by about 10% than that in maximum temperature. Therefore, urban effect in an increasing trend of minimum temperature is 38.9% in the change of $1.13^{\circ}C$.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.997-1004
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• 2012

In enterprise software projects, performance issues have become more critical during recent decades. While developing software products, many performance tests are executed in the earlier development phase against the newly added code pieces to detect possible performance regressions. In our previous research, we introduced the framework to enable automated performance anomaly detection and reduce the analysis overhead for identifying the root causes, and showed Statistical Process Control (SPC) can be successfully applied to anomaly detection. In this paper, we explain the special performance trend in which the existing anomaly detection system can hardly detect the noticeable performance change especially when a performance regression is introduced and recovered again a while later. Within the fixed number of sampling period, the fluctuation gets aggravated and the lower and upper control limit get relaxed so that sometimes the existing system hardly detect the noticeable performance change. To resolve the issue, we apply dynamically tuned sampling window size based on the performance trend, and Fuzzy theory to find an appropriate size of the moving window.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.634-645
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop cruise look design inspired by the ocean life motif using by computer CAD system. Domestic and international brands were selected for this study researching cruise line collection. A variety of literature and online site for concept of cruise look and sustainable design was studied. Adobe Illustrator CS2 and Adobe Photoshop CS2 program were used for cruise look design through analysis of 07/08 S/S trend. The diffusion of cruise look reflects a societal trend to be changed life pattern. The results of this study are as below. First, as this society has become modernized with advancement of technology, people have been increasingly interested in the pursuit of happiness and the concept of 'quality of life', thereby creating a new trend of consumption culture. As a result, fashion market place changed targeting sensible and self-enrichment customers. Second, as combining rapid technological innovation and mass production, industrial design caused environmental pollution and the problems are being worsen. Fashion design has same problems and led to eco-friendly design by the large. Third, as the change of style influenced by economic and social condition, cruise look re-defined and became more common. The change of various fields led to fashion market place should be changed. The cruise look design using computer program will give more benefits to many designers.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2006년 창립20주년기념 정기학술대회 및 국제워크샵
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• pp.177-180
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• 2006

This study is to make a basic study if solid zinc (Zn) can be used for buried reference electrode, so we examined the adequacy of zinc as reference electrode by using zinc which showed regular electrode for buried period. The deference of electric potential if zinc electrode for corrosion factor such as soil resistivity or pH didn't show fixed trend and there was no clear trend on the change of measurement period. From field test, it is known that the natural electric potential difference of CSE electrode and zinc electrode is 1,100mV, but the electric potential of zinc electrode for CSE electrode in the natural soil and copying soil was 1,094~1,158mV. There was no fixed trend on the change of measurement period and electric potential difference of zinc electrode for corrosion factors such as soil resistivity or pH. Consequently, there was 40~60mV of electric potential difference in every copying soil during the experiment measurement.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2010

Objectives: Analysis and understanding on the health trend of college and university students are paramount to creating healthy campus communities. We evaluated the change of health status, health behavior, and influencing factors among them in the last ten years. Methods: Using the results of the ACHA-National College Health Assessment from 2000 to 2009, we reanalyzed the trend of health condition, health behavior, and health risk factors in linear regression model. Results: In general health of college and university students, major health problem were allergy problems, back pain, and sinus infection. Academic impacts were stress, sleep difficulties, cold/flu, concern for troubled friend or family member, relationship difficulty, and internet use or computer games. Although regular exercise was decreasing among them, it were more likely to have never smoking, no sexual partner, and eating of fruits/vegetables as time passed (p<0.05, p<0.01). Obesity and sleeping difficulty were increasing, while it were less likely to have feeling very sad, feeling hopelessness, and considering attempting suicide (p<0.05, p<0.01). Conclusion: These data expand the understanding of the health needs and capacities among young adults. For Korean college and university students, it is necessary to standardize the data-collection survey to set the college health and healthy campus.