• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2009

Tree-ring width analysis has been used to assess the effects of air pollution on tree growth around industrial complexes. Our study was conducted to elucidate the effect of air pollutants on annual ring growth in black pines (Pinus thunbergii) of age 41$\sim$48 years around Ulsan Metropolitan City. The growth data were analyzed by multiple regression and the results are as follows: 1. The annual ring increment of black pines increased with tree age until age 40 years and then decreased gradually after age 40 years. 2. The increment of annual ring width of black pines was affected more by precipitation and evapotranspiration than air temperature. An annual ring decline appeared in the years 1968$\sim$1983, when annual ring indices below zero were observed. Decreased annual ring growth during this period may have been due to air pollution. 3. The heavy metal with the strongest effect on annual ring growth of black pines in the experimental stand was lead (Pb). The concentration of lead in the stand was estimated as over 6 ppm. 4. The technique of tree-ring width analysis may be useful for estimation of the extent of pollution in forest areas near industrial complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.700-708
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• 2019

To verify the possibility of using resistograph to estimate the age of big old living trees, we selected three Zelkova serrata and seven Pinus densiflora in Goesan. The mean diameters at breast height of Z. serrata and P. densiflora were 102 (92-116) cm and 80 (65-110) cm, respectively. The heights measured from the ground using a resistograph ranged at 1.2-4.3 m and 0.6-1.1 m for Z. serrata and P. Densiflora, respectively. The most appropriate needle speed to determine tree-ring boundaries for measuring ring width was 1500 r/min for both tree species. Alternatively, the suitable feed speeds for Z. serrata and P. densiflora were 50 cm/min and 150 cm/min, respectively. From the measured data, the mean numbers of tree rings of Z. serrata and P. densiflora were 57 (43-68) and 104 (93-124), respectively, and the mean tree-ring widths were 4.27 mm (3.18-5.09 mm) and 2.93 mm (2.32-3.34 mm), respectively. A comparison between the time series of tree-ring widths by resistograph and that from the local master chronologies tallied for the heartwood part. Finally, this study showed that resistograph can be used to estimate tree ages when a local master chronology is available.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2017

This study aimed at more precisely estimating the age of big old trees using dendrochronological method. Gesan-gun in Chungbuk (CBGS), Gurye-gun in Jeonnam (JNGR) and Uljin-gun in Gyeongbuk (GBUJ) were study areas and Zelkova serrata (ZS) and Pinus densiflora (PD) selected as protected trees therein were used as experimental tree species. The increment cores were extracted from 12, 8, and 6 ZSs and 10, 3, and 9 PDs in CBGS, JNGR, and GBUJ, respectively, using an increment borer (${\phi}5.2mm$). In order to clearly distinguish tree-ring boundary, the surface in the transverse section was cut for ZS using a sliding microtome and sanded for PD using a sand paper. Ring widths were measured in the resolution of 0.01 mm. Based on the measurement values, 203-year long (1813-2015) ZS local master tree-ring chronologies were successfully established and 175-year long (1841-2015) ZS local master tree-ring chronology for JNGR was also successfully established. In the case of PD, 154-, 175-, and 250-year long local master tree-ring chronologies for CBGS, JNGR, and GBUJ were successfully established, respectively. In the comparisons between local master tree-ring chronologies, they showed low t-values and Glks. According to the comparisons of the local master tree-ring chronologies with 50-year (1950~2000) average temperature and precipitation distribution maps, the annual variations of local master tree-ring chronologies seem to be determined by not temperature but precipitation. For such cross-dating therefore more local master tree-ring chronologies have to be established at the least based on the distribution map for precipitation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.501-508
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide an inquiry into paleovegetation (paleoenvironment), eruption age and inferred emplacement temperature of pyroclastic deposit using charcoal occurred in the Quaternary Nari Caldera, Ulleung Island. In order to obtain the data, we carried out species identification and tree-ring analysis, radiocarbon dating for the charcoal. This sample was collected from pumiceous deposit in lowermost member(Member N-5) of the Nari Tephra Formation, which corresponds to the wood branch that has well preserved the tree-ring structure. Speciation and outermost tree-ring of wood reveal Picea spp. and $263+{\alpha}$ years. The calibrated ages from the center(pith) to the outermost tree-ring are $20,260{\pm}230$, $19,995{\pm}245$, and $19,975{\pm}265cal\;BP$, respectively, which are accordant with the tree-ring position. The youngest age, <19,710 cal BP would have implications for the eruptive age of Member N-5. Our results indicate that Picea spp. is the paleovegetation representing that Nari Caldera was under cold and wet climate conditions during the late Pleistocene. Based on the silky luster, brittleness, color, and streak of charcoal, etc., the lowest emplacement temperatures of pyroclastic flow are interpreted to have been at least as high as $350{\sim}500^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.35-43
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• 2010

To examine the relationship between climate and tree-ring growth of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. growing in the ridges of the Baekdudaegan, it was analyzed the sample cores of 48 trees were collected from 21 sites. After the pattern of tree rings of all Pinus densiflora were cross-dating each other, it was recognized the growth of Pinus densiflora was affected by climate largely when tree-ring chronologies were standardized to remove the age-related growth. As a cluster analysis was conducted to examine the similarity of chronologies, three clusters were classified, the tree-ring growths of Pinus densiflora was not by regional or elevational gradients but by the growth tree-ring width amplitude as micro-site growth environments. Correlation coefficients between the chronologies of three clusters and monthly climate (temperature and precipitation) factors were obtained. As a result, tree-ring growth of Pinus densiflora was more affected by temperature than precipitation and the trees of high-growth cluster possessed less climatic influences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Six pine trees (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) at the Euilimji Lake Park in Jecheon were collected to investigate tree ages, growth decline pattern and the years of death. Tree-ring measurement was carried out using the Lintab with a resolution of 0.01mm. Tree age were 80-176 years. Cross-dating between the tree-ring series of each tree and the local chronology from Worak Mountain resulted that four and two trees died in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Three dead trees had only formed earlywood in the outermost tree ring and the others had incomplete latewood. Therefore, it was proven that the former trees died between spring and early summer, whereas the later ones died during late summer and/or autumn. The simultaneous deaths of trees suggest the insect damage and/or drought may be the crucial reason of the death, but frequent reaction woods, which were formed by leaning stem, and scars formed by physical damage may also contribute to the death.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2019

This study aims to determine the ideal feed speed of a resistograph to evaluate the number of tree rings in several tree species. The needle speed was fixed at 1,500 r/min. Herein, various tree species, such as Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus koraiensis, Abies holophylla, and Zelkova serrata, were considered for experiments. Results showed that the most proper feed speed for Zelkova serrata, Larix kaempferi, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies holophylla, and Pinus koraiensis was 75, 100, 100, 150, and 175 cm/min, respectively. However, in all the cases, the electric resistance values of tree ring narrower than 1 mm were not suitable for determining tree-ring boundaries. Upon comparing the inter-annual time series of ring widths and electric resistance values of resistograph, a meaningful synchronization was verified. If resistograph would be improved to the extent that it can measure tree rings narrower than 1 mm, it can replace the conventional method used for counting the number of tree rings in the increment cores. Additionally, it can also be used to investigate the tree growth.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2003

In the year 2000 we culminated a successful five year investigation of climate change by completing a preliminary east-west transect across Mongolia. An earlier tree-ring study at Tarvagatay Pass, Mongolia indicated unusual warming during the 20th century similar to other paleo-investigations of the northern hemisphere. This record had represented one of the few tree-ring records for central Asia. New data from several sites in western Mongolia confirmed the preliminary temperature. The highest twenty-year growth period for the composite record is from 1973-1994. The western Mongolian record was significantly correlated with the Taimyr Peninsula and two northern hemisphere temperature reconstructions reflecting large-scale temperature patterns while showing some important regional differences. These differences should prove useful for climate models. We have also developed a millennial length temperature-sensitive record at the Solongotyin Davaa site (formerly Tarvagatay Pass) using relict wood and living trees. Conspicuous features over the last 1000 years are a century scale temperature decline punctuated by the end of the Little Ice Age in the late-1800s and 20th century warming. The record also shows a cold period early in the 12th century and warm intervals late in the 10th, early in the 15th and at end of the 18th centuries. Despite a limited sample size before 900 AD, the long Solongotyin Davaa record is useful in indicating severe cold events and suggests some cold intervals nearly as severe. These tree ring series, spanning much of the circumpolar northern treeline, have been compiled to create a long-term reconstruction of the Earth's temperature over centuries. The new chronology, in addition to its value as a detailed record of Mongolian climate, provides independent corroboration for such hemispheric and global reconstructions and their indications of unusual warming during the 20th century.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze annual tree ring growth characteristics for major tree species distributed in Chungbuk province. A total of 800 sample trees from 56 permanent sampling plots measured by the 5th Korean National Forest Inventory Program in 2007 was used for the calculation of annual growth rates. According to the results of this study, the species of Robinia pseudoacacia(2.30mm/yr) showed the best annual tree ring growth rates and the others are Quercus serrata(2.27mm/yr)>Prunus sargentii(1.98mm/yr)> and Larix leptolepis(1.98mm/yr) in order. Most of the major tree species in Chungbuk province, as tree age and stand density increased, annual tree ring growth rates tended to decreased. This information could be very useful for forest managers to understand annual tree ring growth characteristics in Chungbuk province.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2005

This paper reports on the dendrochronological investigation of tree ring growth of Pinus densiflora in the Gyeongbuk region. Tree ring growth was analysed using basic statistical value and correlation analysis to evaluate the relative contribution of climatic factors. Ta extract age-related trends and nonclimatic signals, each measurement series was standardized using a negative exponential growth function. In the Gyeongbuk region, tree ring growth was positively correlated with the current year in February, March and April, January, February, and March precipitation showed a positive correlation with the current growth year. This suggests that climatic factors (monthly average temperature, precipitation) limit breaking of dormancy and promotion of growth of Pinus densiflora in the Gyeongbuk region.