• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.51-53
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• 2020

In commemoration of Vol. 30, Issue 2, our journal prepared three review articles, two original papers, and a case report. The first review analyzed aircraft accidents caused by pilots' fatigue and presented a protocol to measure their fatigue, such as primary background survey, subjective drowsiness/arousal evaluation, sleep and activity log, sleep data, and performance measurement. The second review analyzed shift work patterns and work characteristics that may affect the fatigue of aviation mechanics. Also, desirable work principles for aviation mechanics (restrictions on working hours, appropriate rest hours, and night shift restrictions) were presented. The third review discussed the effects that allergic rhinitis can have on pilots (drowsiness and decreased arousal) and introduced a safe treatment method that can prevent these adverse effects. In the first original article, the ratio of 'incompatible (non-fit)' result in aerospace medical examination among Korean aircraft pilots for the past five years was investigated by age group and the common causes of nonconformity were analyzed. In the second original article, the prevalence, mortality, prevalence according to age groups, and regional characteristics of severe febrile thrombocytopenia syndrome were compared and analyzed in Korea and Japan for the past five years. Finally, in the case report, the cases of a patient diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumors who received surgical treatment and chemotherapy were discussed, and the results of the judgment were presented.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 2023

We are on the verge of paradigm shift for the design and operation of our urban water systems from treatment- and efficiency-based to recirculation- and sustainability-based. One of the most frequently suggested alternatives to embody this paradigm shift is to decentralize the currently highly centralized urban water infrastructure. However, claims for water infrastructure decentralization are often criticized due to poor economic feasibility, unstable performance, and unprofessional operation and maintenance. The current study critically reviews the literature to discuss the technical advancement needs to overcome such challenges. Firstly, decentralized water infrastructure was briefly defined and the rationale for the proposal of its introduction to the next-generation urban water systems was laid down. The main discussion focused on the following water technologies, which require special attention when working with decentralized water infrastructure: i) material collection, storage, and transport; ii) easily scalable water treatment; iii) sensor, information, and communications; and iv) system optimization. The principles, current development status, and challenges were discussed for each of the water technologies. The discussion on the water technologies has enabled the identification of future research needs for their application to the next-generation urban water systems which will be designed following decentralized water infrastructure. This paper will significantly improve the current understanding on water infrastructure decentralization and provides insight on future direction of water technology development.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2009

Purpose: Frontal sinus fractures are relatively less common than other facial bone fractures. They are commonly concomitant with other facial bone fractures. They can cause severe complications but the optimal treatment of frontal sinus fractures remains controversial. Currently, many principles of treatment were introduced variously. The authors present valid and simplified protocols of treatment for frontal sinus fractures based on fracture pattern, nasofrontal duct injury, and complications. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 36 cases of frontal sinus fractures between January, 2004 and January, 2009. The average age of patients was 33.7 years. Fracture patterns were classified by displacement of anterior and posterior wall, comminution, nasofrontal duct injury. These fractures were classified in 4 groups: I. anterior wall linear fractures; II. anterior wall displaced fractures; III. anterior wall displaced and posterior wall linear fractures; IV. anterior wall and posterior wall displaced fractures. Also, assessment of nasofrontal duct injury was conducted with preoperative coronal section computed tomographic scan and intraoperative findings. Patients were treated with various procedures including open reduction and internal fixation, obliteration, galeal frontalis flap and cranialization. Results: 12 patients are group I (33.3 percent), 14 patient were group II (38.8 percent), group III, IV were 5 each (13.9 percent). Frontal sinus fractures were commonly associated with zygomatic fractures (21.8 percent). 9 patients had nasofrontal duct injury. The complication rate was 25 percent (9 patients), including hypoesthesia, slight forehead irregularity, transient cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Conclusion: The critical element of successful frontal sinus fracture repair is precise diagnosis of the fracture pattern and nasofrontal duct injury. The main goal of management is the restoration of the sinus function and aesthetic preservation.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.131-147
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• 2005

Today, a trend that tries to return the artificial space of a river to a natural one is expanding. But in Korea, which lies in the monsoon climate zone, rivers endure flood damage every year. Moreover, climatic change from global warming causes severe variations in precipitation patterns. Until recently, river restoration practices in Korea have followed partial restoration. These restorative treatments transformed artificial structures of the stream to natural ones and introduced natural vegetation by imitating natural or semi-natural streams. Treatment transformed the riparian structure and increased the diversity of micro-topography and vegetation. Furthermore, restoration recovered species composition, increased species diversity, and inhibited the establishment of exotic species. In particular, the Suip stream, which was left to its natural process for approximately 50 years, recovered its natural features almost completely through passive restoration. An urban stream, the Yangjae, and a rural stream, the Dongmoon, were restored partially by applying ecological principles. On the contrary, technological treatment applied to recover flood damage induced species composition far from the natural vegetation and decreased species diversity. Additionally, this treatment increased exotic species. The same results were found also in benthic invertebrate and fish fauna. The above-mentioned results reflect the importance of ecological considerations in river management.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.115-137
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• 2006

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Jaundice According to the Morbid Pulse in the Chapter 15 of Synopsis of Golden Chamber sets forth the classification, symptom, method of treatment, formula, prognosis of jaundice. The contents of this chapter can be induced by(from) yellowing and jaundice These two disease patterns assume various aspects of disease cause, pathomechanism, symptom, prognosis, and treatment. Jaundice was at first classified into liquor jaundice,dietary irregularly jaundice, black jaundicem abd sextual taxation jaundice, later classified into liquor jaundice, dietary irregularly jaundice, black jaundice, sextual tatation jaundice, and yellow sweat. the disease cause and pathomechanism of jaundice are said to be said to be due to the damp-heat, which is attacked with the evil of wind and dampness to affect the spleen-stomach and the liver. and to the inveterate drinking, damage by food, sextual taxation jaundice, sextual taxation, and vacuity taxation. This chapter mainly refers to jaundice as damp-heat, so that it lays down fundamental principles of clear heat and disinhibit dampness. In the prognosis of jaundice, ingibited urination shows symptoms of jaundice, and neither urination nor damp-heat develops symptoms of jaundice. and jaundice with thirst is difficult to cure, and that the symptoms of the abdominal fullness is also difficult to cure, while jaundice without thirst is ease to cure. Of the 18 days of suffering from jaundice, the symptoms of jaundice get better before and after 10 days. I think, however, that getting worse of its symptoms makes more meaningful clinically.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.230-235
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• 1998

Fractures of the scapula are relatively uncommon injuries and treatment in the vast majority of cases remains nonsurgical and the results have been quite satisfactory. But the scapular fracture itself may be neglected because of its high incidence of many kinds of associated injuries so its delayed treatment sometimes gives bad and unpredictable results. Although open reduction and internal fixation has been accepted as the treatment of choice for displaced intra-articular fractures in many anatomical regions, there has been no definite treatment principles of surgical indications and approaches in the glenohumeral joint. At our institution, II displaced intra-articular fractures of the glenohumeral joint were treated with open reduction and internal fixation from March 1993 to February 1997. This paper reports the results of treating 11 displaced intra­articular fractures of the glenoid by open reduction and internal fixation. There were 10 men and one woman and the fractures were classified according to Ideberg : Type Ⅰa(4), Type Ⅱ(3), Type Ⅲ(1), Type IV(1), Type Va(1), and Type Vc(1).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2019

The Committee on Pediatric Obesity of the Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition newly developed the first Korean Guideline on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obesity in Children and Adolescents to deliver an evidence-based systematic approach to childhood obesity in South Korea. The following areas were systematically reviewed, especially on the basis of all available references published in South Korea and worldwide, and new guidelines were established in each area with the strength of recommendations based on the levels of evidence: 1) definition and diagnosis of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents; 2) principles of treatment of pediatric obesity; 3) behavioral interventions for children and adolescents with obesity, including diet, exercise, lifestyle, and mental health; 4) pharmacotherapy; and 5) bariatric surgery.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.3-21
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• 2019

The Committee on Pediatric Obesity of the Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition newly developed the first Korean Guideline on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obesity in Children and Adolescents to deliver an evidence-based systematic approach to childhood obesity in South Korea. The following areas were systematically reviewed, especially on the basis of all available references published in South Korea and worldwide, and new guidelines were established in each area with the strength of recommendations based on the levels of evidence: (1) definition and diagnosis of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents; (2) principles of treatment of pediatric obesity; (3) behavioral interventions for children and adolescents with obesity, including diet, exercise, lifestyle, and mental health; (4) pharmacotherapy; and (5) bariatric surgery.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2021

Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the case of healing experience for lifestyle and environmental diseases through life and activities in the forest from the perspecitive of critical realism, and how the causal power and mechanism of the healing experience relate to forest healing factors and programs. Methods: 93 video data of people who started living in the forest for disease treatment were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis method from the perspective of critical realism. Categories for analysis include general categories (age, duration, occupation, disease name), forest therapy categories (climate therapy, plant therapy, water therapy, diet therapy, kinesiotherapy, psychotherapy), and other categories (ecology, learning and management, life tools), etc., and the unit of analysis is the context unit. Results: 1) The diseases that motivated life in the forest were digestive system diseases, lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine system diseases, and various lifestyle-related diseases and environmental diseases in similar proportions. This indicates that forest life does not have specificity to respond to specific diseases, but provides treatment and recovery for all lifestyle and environmental diseases. 2) Among the forest therapies, climate therapy and plant therapy are related to the climatic and residential environment in the forest where 'natural persons' live. And others such as water therapy, diet therapy, kinesiotherapy, psychotherapy indicate the change from the lifestyle that caused the disease to the lifestyle for treatment and recovery. Conclusion: Life and activities in the forest provide an environment for treatment and recovery in which the healing principles such as aromatherapy, nutritional and dietary therapy, kinesiotherapy, and emotional psychotherapy are integrated in the 'real world'.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 2013

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tract and is most frequently developed in the stomach in the form of submucosal tumor. The incidence of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor is estimated to be as high as 25% of the population when all small and asymptomatic tumors are included. Because gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor is not completely distinguished from other submucosal tumors, a surgical excisional biopsy is recommended for tumors >2 cm. The surgical principles of gastrointestinal stromal tumor are composed of an R0 resection with a normal mucosa margin, no systemic lymph node dissection, and avoidance of perforation, which results in peritoneal seeding even in cases with otherwise low risk profiles. Laparoscopic surgery has been indicated for gastrointestinal stromal tumors <5 cm, and the indication for laparoscopic surgery is expanded to larger tumors if the above mentioned surgical principles can be maintained. A simple exogastric resection and various transgastric resection techniques are used for gastrointestinal stromal tumors in favorable locations (the fundus, body, greater curvature side). For a lesion at the gastroesophageal junction in the posterior wall of the stomach, enucleation techniques have been tried preserve the organ's function. Those methods have a theoretical risk of seeding a ruptured tumor, but this risk has not been evaluated by well-designed clinical trials. While some clinical trials are still on-going, neoadjuvant imatinib is suggested when marginally unresectable or multiorgan resection is anticipated to reduce the extent of surgery and the chance of incomplete resection, rupture or bleeding.